Effect of Rainfall and pH on Musty Odor Produced in the Sanbe Reservoir

Abstract Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs) are continuously formed in water systems such as reservoirs and lakes around the world. In particular, geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), which are made by cyanobacteria, have caused serious musty-odor problems in the drinking water of the Sanbe reservoir in Japan. To investigate the cause of this musty odor, we conducted field observations for five years (2015–2019). As a result, it was determined that the geosmin was caused by the cyanobacteria as Dolichospermum crassum and Dolichospermum planctonicum, and 2-MIB was caused by the cyanobacteria as Pseudanabaena sp and Aphanizomenon cf. flos-aquae. It was also determined that the occurrence of geosmin and 2-MIB are influenced by changes in water temperature and pH due to the inflow of rainfall. Especially, the geosmin and 2-MIB tended to occur in low rainfall conditions. When there is low rainfall, the reservoir changes to an alkaline state due to the consumption of CO2 by the photosynthesis of phytoplankton. In an alkaline reservoir, CO2 exists in the form of bicarbonate (HCO3-); thus, under these condition cyanobacteria will increase because it uses both CO2 and bicarbonate (HCO3-) for photosynthesis. Our study suggests that for solving the musty-odor problem in the reservoir, it is important to control the reservoir’s pH. Moreover, more focus should be place in managing the water quality problem of the Sanbe Reservoir, especially, during low rainfall years. The results of this study will help in addressing odor related water quality problem in other reservoirs.

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Effect of Rainfall and pH on Musty Odor Produced in the Sanbe Reservoir

Water ◽

10.3390/w13243600 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 3600

Author(s):

Sangyeob Kim ◽

Shohei Hayashi ◽

Shingo Masuki ◽

Kazuhiro Ayukawa ◽

Shuji Ohtani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Temperature ◽

Inorganic Carbon ◽

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽

Water Systems ◽

Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽

Field Observations ◽

The World ◽

Musty Odor ◽

Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are continuously formed in water systems such as reservoirs and lakes around the world. Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) produced by some species of cyanobacteria have caused odor problems in the drinking water of the Sanbe Reservoir in Japan. Field observations were conducted for four years (2015–2019) to investigate the cause of this musty odor. It was found that geosmin was produced by Dolichospermum crassum and Dolichospermum planctonicum (cyanobacteria), and 2-MIB was due to Pseudanabaena sp. and Aphanizomenon cf. flos-aquae (cyanobacteria). Changes in water temperature and pH caused by rainfall were correlated with changes in the concentration of geosmin and 2-MIB. In particular, geosmin and 2-MIB tended to occur under low rainfall conditions. When there was low rainfall, the reservoir changed to an alkaline state because the phytoplankton consumed CO2 for photosynthesis. In an alkaline reservoir, dissolved inorganic carbon mainly existed in the form of bicarbonate (HCO3−). Thus, the results suggest that under such conditions in reservoirs, cyanobacteria grew easily because they could use both CO2 and HCO3− for photosynthesis. Specifically, our study suggests that in order for the musty odor problem in the reservoir to be solved, it is important that the pH of the reservoir be controlled.

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Drinking water quality problem in Haryana, India: prediction of human health risks, economic burden and assessment of possible intervention options

Environment Development and Sustainability ◽

10.1007/s10668-018-0125-z ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 2097-2111

Author(s):

Ruchi Gupta ◽

Anil Kumar Misra

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Human Health ◽

Health Risks ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Drinking Water Quality ◽

Quality Problem ◽

Human Health Risks ◽

Water Quality Problem

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Assessment of drinking water contamination in food stalls of Jashore Municipality, Bangladesh

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-021-01470-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Molla Rahman Shaibur ◽

Mohammed Sadid Hossain ◽

Shirina Khatun ◽

F. K. Sayema Tanzia

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Fast Food ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Permissible Limit ◽

World Health ◽

Drinking Water Contamination ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the quality of drinking water supplied in different types of food stalls in Jashore Municipality, Bangladesh. A total of 35 water samples were collected from different tea stalls, street side fast food stalls, normal restaurants and well-furnished restaurants. The water quality was evaluated by determining the distinct physical, chemical and biological parameters. The results revealed that the water used in the food stalls and restaurants for drinking purpose was in desired quality in terms of turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), phosphate (PO43−), chloride (Cl−), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) concentrations. The values were within the permissible limit proposed by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics and the World Health Organization. Concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) found in several samples were higher than the World Health Organization standard. Iron (Fe) concentrations were higher than the permissible limit of the World Health Organization. Only 46% exceeded the permissible limit of Bangladesh Bureau Statistics. The threatening result was that the samples were contaminated by fecal coliform, indicating that the people of Jashore Municipality may have a greater chance of being affected by pathogenic bacteria. The drinking water provided in the street side fast food stalls was biologically contaminated. The findings demonstrate that the drinking water used in food stalls and restaurants of Jashore Municipality did not meet up the potable drinking water quality standards and therefore was detrimental to public health.

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Predicting Source Water Quality Following Wildfires Using Hydrologic Modeling

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-78 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Katie Wampler ◽

Kevin D. Bladon ◽

Monireh Faramarzi

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

The United States ◽

First Year ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Source Water ◽

Forested Watersheds ◽

Field Samples ◽

The World

<p>Forested watersheds are critical sources of the majority of the world&#8217;s drinking water. Almost one-third of the world&#8217;s largest cities and two-thirds of cities in the United States (US) rely on forested watersheds for their water supply. These forested regions are vulnerable to the increasing incidence of large and severe wildfires due to increases in regional temperatures and greater accumulation of fuels. When wildfires occur, increases in suspended sediment and organic carbon can negatively affect aquatic ecosystem health and create many costly challenges to the drinking water treatment process. These effects are often largest in the first year following a wildfire. While past research has shown the likelihood of source water impacts from wildfire, the magnitude of effects remains uncertain in most regions. In our study, we will quantify the projected short-term effects of three large (>70,000 ha) wildfires on key water quality parameters (sediment and organic carbon) in two important forested source watersheds in the Cascade Range of Oregon, US. We calibrated and validated a modified Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate streamflow, sediment loads and transport, as well as in-stream organic carbon processes for a historical period prior to wildfire. The calibrated model parameters were then modified based on literature values and burn severity maps to represent post-fire conditions of the three large wildfires. The parameter adjustments for simulating wildfire will be validated with post-fire water quality field samples from the wildfires. We will present estimations of future water quality impacts in the burned watersheds under different precipitation conditions at a daily scale for the first year following the wildfires, which will provide testable hypotheses. Additionally, we will determine catchment characteristics most critical in determining the post-fire water quality response. This work will help predict the magnitude of effects from these historic wildfires, which can inform forest and drinking water management decision making.</p>

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Pesticides: A Current Water Quality Problem

Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science ◽

10.2307/3627498 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 39 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. P. Nicholson

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Quality Problem ◽

Current Water ◽

Water Quality Problem ◽

A Current

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Detection of Microcystins in Lake Manatee and Lake Washington – Two Florida Drinking Water Systems

10.20944/preprints202104.0124.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rajesh Melaram ◽

Brandon Lopez-Dueñas

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Surface Water Quality ◽

Well Being ◽

Water Systems ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Water Supplies ◽

Intrinsic Nature ◽

Lake Washington ◽

Drinking Water Systems

Clean, fresh, and safe drinking water is essential to human health and well-being. Occasionally, chemical pollutants taint surface water quality used for consumption. Microcystins (MCs) are toxic heptapeptides produced by freshwater cyanobacteria. These secondary metabolites can reach hazardous concentrations, impairing surface drinking water supplies. Inconsistent screening of MCs is not uncommon in Florida waters as no provisional guidance value is established to protect public health. The occurrence of MCs in Lake Manatee and Lake Washington was monitored over the potential peak algae bloom season (June-August). An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) quantified total MCs in two drinking water systems. Varied concentrations occurred between June and July, whereas concentrations peaked in August. Overall, MC prevalence was higher in Lake Manatee than Lake Washington. Colorimetric assays measured phosphate and nitrite in environmental water samples. Phosphate and nitrite concentrations strongly correlated with total MCs (p < 0.01). The results indicate the intrinsic nature of environmental MCs in surface drinking water supplies and the need to examine hepatotoxin dynamics to preserve drinking water quality in community served areas.

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Advancing Knowledge on Cyanobacterial Blooms in Freshwaters

Water ◽

10.3390/w12092583 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2583

Author(s):

Elisabeth Vardaka ◽

Konstantinos Ar. Kormas

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Mathematical Modelling ◽

Ecological Status ◽

Toxin Production ◽

Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽

Special Issue ◽

Research Papers ◽

Cyanobacterial Species ◽

Water Quality Deterioration

Cyanobacterial blooms have become a frequent phenomenon in freshwaters worldwide; they are a widely known indicator of eutrophication and water quality deterioration. Information and knowledge contributing towards the evaluation of the ecological status of freshwaters, particularly since many are used for recreation, drinking water, and aquaculture, is valuable. This Special Issue, entitled “Advancing Knowledge on Cyanobacterial Blooms in Freshwaters”, includes 11 research papers that will focus on the use of complementary approaches, from the most recently developed molecular-based methods to more classical approaches and experimental and mathematical modelling regarding the factors (abiotic and/or biotic) that control the diversity of not only the key bloom-forming cyanobacterial species, but also their interactions with other biota, either in freshwater systems or their adjacent habitats, and their role in preventing and/or promoting cyanobacterial growth and toxin production.

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Assessment of Physiochemical Characteristics of Drinking Water Quality in Allahabad Metropolitan City, India

The Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man ◽

10.1177/0972558x19835368 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 121-135

Author(s):

Roohi Rawat ◽

A. R. Siddiqui

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Large Population ◽

Drinking Water Quality ◽

World Health ◽

Natural State ◽

Consumption Pattern ◽

The World

Clean and safe drinking water is important for the overall health and wellbeing; therefore, access to safe potable drinking water is one of the basic amenities of humankind, especially in urban areas with high consumption pattern of the large population inhabiting these spaces. Among the various sources of water, groundwater is considered to be the safest source of drinking water. However, due to rapid industrialization and population growth, the groundwater resources are getting polluted with harmful contaminants. These contaminants can be chemical or microbiological and cause various health problems. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 80 percent of all diseases in the world are directly or indirectly related to the contamination of water. Water in its natural state is colorless, odorless, and free from pathogens with pH in the range of 6.5–8.5. This water is termed as “potable water.” In the present study, the researchers have made an attempt to assess the physiochemical characteristics of drinking water quality in Allahabad and the effect of these contaminants on the health of the consumers. A comparison of the parameter standards as per the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) (ISI, Indian standard specification for drinking water (IS10500). New Delhi: ISI, 1983 ) and the WHO (Guidelines for drinking water quality (Vol. 1). Geneva: WHO, 1984 ) have also been made to understand the national and global benchmarks. With the help of the standards of various parameters given by these organizations, the assessment of water quality of samples from various locations in Allahabad has been done.

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