scholarly journals Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of imported cases with COVID-19 infection: a multicentre study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjun Zhang ◽  
Shixiong Yang ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Jialiang Liu ◽  
Jinjun Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multicentre Study ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
The World ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objective: Numerous cases of COVID-19 were confirmed in the world in succession. We reported the epidemiological and clinical features of 478 confirmed cases from a multicentre study outside of Wuhan, China. Methods : We collected patients who were transferred by Emergency Medical Service to the designated hospitals in four major cities including Beijing, Chongqing, Jinan and Nanning in China. We compared the characteristics between imported and indigenous cases, and calculated the fatality, and the rate of severe cases, mild and asymptomatic cases to generate the pyramid of COVID-19 infection. Results : The mean age of patients was 46.9 years old and 49.8% were male. The most common symptoms at the onset of illness were fever (69.7% ), cough (47.5%), fatigue (24.5%), dyspnea (8.4%) and headache (7.9%). In the study, most cases (313, 65.5%) were indigenous, while 165 (34.5%) were imported. During the early stage, the imported cases were dominant, which declined from Feb 1, when the indigenous cases rise sharply. Compared with the indigenous cases, the imported cases were significantly distinct concerning gender composition (P=0.002), classification of severity (P=0.006). Conclusions : On the basis of this study, we suggest that preventing import from outside and controlling spread inside should be a basic principle for resisting COVID-19 infection. If not, the region or area will face chaos.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Hainan, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijiao Yan ◽  
Xingyue Song ◽  
Feng Lin ◽  
Haiyan Zhu ◽  
Xiaozhi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Discharged Patients

AbstractBackgroundSince January 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has spread rapidly and developing the pandemic model around the world. Data have been needed on the clinical characteristics of the affected patients in an imported cases as model in island outside Wuhan.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study included all 168 confirmed cases of Covid-19 in Hainan province from 22 January 2020 to 13 March 2020. Cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and were analysed for demographic, clinical, radiological and laboratory data.ResultsOf 168 patients, 160 have been discharged, 6 have died and 2 remain hospitalized. The median age was 51.0 years and 51.8% were females. 129 (76.8%) patients were imported cases, and 118 (70.2%), 51 (30.4%) and 52 (31%) of patients lived in Wuhan or traveled to Wuhan, had contact with Covid-19 patients, or had contact with Wuhan residents, respectively. The most common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (65.5%), dry cough (48.8%) and expectoration (32.1%). On admission, ground-glass opacity was the most common radiologic finding on chest computed tomography (60.2%). The elderly people with diabetes, hypertension and CVD are more likely to develop severe cases. Follow-up of 160 discharged patients found that 20 patients (12.5%) had a positive RT-PCR test results of pharyngeal swabs or anal swabs or fecal.ConclusionsIn light of the rapid spread of Covid-19 around the world, early diagnosis and quarantine is important to curb the spread of Covid-19 and intensive treatments in early stage is to prevent patients away from critical condition.

scholarly journals Subcritical Transmission in the Early Stage of COVID-19 in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1265
Author(s):  
Yong Sul Won ◽  
Jong-Hoon Kim ◽  
Chi Young Ahn ◽  
Hyojung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Statistical Characterization ◽  
Serial Interval ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Reporting Delays

While the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has been ongoing in Korea since January 2020, there were limited transmissions during the early stages of the outbreak. In the present study, we aimed to provide a statistical characterization of COVID-19 transmissions that led to this small outbreak. We collated the individual data of the first 28 confirmed cases reported from 20 January to 10 February 2020. We estimated key epidemiological parameters such as reporting delay (i.e., time from symptom onset to confirmation), incubation period, and serial interval by fitting probability distributions to the data based on the maximum likelihood estimation. We also estimated the basic reproduction number (R0) using the renewal equation, which allows for the transmissibility to differ between imported and locally transmitted cases. There were 16 imported and 12 locally transmitted cases, and secondary transmissions per case were higher for the imported cases than the locally transmitted cases (nine vs. three cases). The mean reporting delays were estimated to be 6.76 days (95% CI: 4.53, 9.28) and 2.57 days (95% CI: 1.57, 4.23) for imported and locally transmitted cases, respectively. The mean incubation period was estimated to be 5.53 days (95% CI: 3.98, 8.09) and was shorter than the mean serial interval of 6.45 days (95% CI: 4.32, 9.65). The R0 was estimated to be 0.40 (95% CI: 0.16, 0.99), accounting for the local and imported cases. The fewer secondary cases and shorter reporting delays for the locally transmitted cases suggest that contact tracing of imported cases was effective at reducing further transmissions, which helped to keep R0 below one and the overall transmissions small.

scholarly journals The descriptive epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 during the epidemic period in Lu'an, China: achieving limited community transmission using proactive response strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Qin ◽  
Jie Sun ◽  
Pengpeng Xu ◽  
Tianqi Gong ◽  
Xiude Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Asymptomatic Carrier ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriers ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Hubei province in China has had the most confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and has reported sustained transmission of the disease. Although Lu'an city is adjacent to Hubei province, its community transmission was blocked at the early stage, and the impact of the epidemic was limited. Therefore, we summarised the overall characteristics of the entire epidemic course in Lu'an to help cities with a few imported cases better contain the epidemic. A total of 69 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 11 asymptomatic carriers were identified in Lu'an during the epidemic from 12 January to 21 February 2020. Fifty-two (65.0%) cases were male, and the median age was 40 years. On admission, 56.5% of cases had a fever as the initial symptom, and pneumonia was present in 89.9% of cases. The mean serial interval and the mean duration of hospitalisation were 6.5 days (95% CI: 4.8–8.2) and 18.2 days (95% CI: 16.8–19.5), respectively. A total of 16 clusters involving 60 cases (17 first-generation cases and 43 secondary cases) were reported during the epidemic. We observed that only 18.9% (7/37) index cases resulted in community transmission during the epidemic in Lu'an, indicating that the scale of the epidemic was limited to a low level in Lu'an city. An asymptomatic carrier caused the largest cluster, involving 13 cases. Spread of COVID-19 by asymptomatic carriers represents an enormous challenge for countries responding to the pandemic.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of imported cases of COVID-19: a multicenter study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjun Zhang ◽  
Shixiong Yang ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Xinyan Qin ◽  
Jialiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Asymptomatic Disease

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to expand. Herein, we report the epidemiological and clinical features of 478 patients with confirmed COVID-19 from a multicenter study conducted in four cities in China excluding Wuhan. Methods A total of 478 patients transferred by emergency medical services to designated hospitals in four major cities in China (Beijing, Chongqing, Jinan, and Nanning) were enrolled. We compared the characteristics of imported and indigenous cases and calculated the frequencies of fatal, severe, mild, and asymptomatic disease. The results were used to generate a pyramid of COVID-19 severity. Results The mean age of patients with COVID-19 was 46.9 years and 49.8% were male. The most common symptoms at onset were fever (69.7%), cough (47.5%), fatigue (24.5%), dyspnea (8.4%), and headache (7.9%). Most cases (313, 65.5%) were indigenous, while 165 (34.5%) were imported. Imported cases dominated during the early stages of the pandemic, but decreased from 1 February 2020 as indigenous cases rose sharply. Compared with indigenous cases, imported cases differed significantly in terms of sex (P = 0.002), severity of disease (P = 0.006), occurrence of fever (P < 0.001), family clustering (P < 0.001), history of contact (P < 0.001), and primary outcome (P < 0.001). Conclusions Within the population studied, imported cases had distinct characteristics from those of indigenous cases, with lower fatality rates and higher discharge rates. New infections shifted from imported cases to local infection gradually, and overall infections have declined to a low level. We suggest that preventing import of cases and controlling spread within local areas can help prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection spread.

scholarly journals Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of a Series of Patients from the Spanish Registry of MDS Diagnosed with Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms According to the 2016 Reviewed Classification of the World Health Organization

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 3048-3048
Author(s):  
Blanca Xicoy ◽  
María-José Jimenez ◽  
Olga García ◽  
Marisa Calabuig ◽  
Rosa Coll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World

Abstract Background: The 2016 reviewed classification of the World Health Organisation (WHO) defines a group of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) including the chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), the myelodyplastic syndrome with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (MDS-RS-T) and the MDS/MPN unclassifiable (MDS/MPN-U). The presence of typical clinical characteristics of MDS and MPN hinders the diagnosis and the prognosis of MDS/MPN-U. Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics and the prognosis of a series of patients with MDS/MPN such as CMML, MDS-RS-T and MDS/NPM-U from the Spanish registry of MDS. Method: We analized 107 patients diagnosed with MDS/MPN (MDS-RS-T, MDS/NPM-U and CMML) according to the 2016 WHO classification. A comparison of the clinical characteristics, overall survival (OS) and cumulative incidence of progression (CIP) was performed. Results: Median (range) age was 74 (23-93) years and 68/107 (64%) were males. The number of patients in each group was: MDS-RS-T (n=45), MDS/MPN-U (n=29) and CMML (n=33). The main clinical characteristics of the three groups are described in Table 1. There were significant statistical differences in hemoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase levels and leukocyte, monocyte and platelet counts between the three groups. With a median (range) of follow-up of 3.1 (0.3-19.3), 3.7(0.7-10.4) and 4 (1.8-8.5) years for MDS-RS-T, MDS/MPN-U, and CMML, respectively, the OS (95%CI) at 5 years was significantly better in patients with MDS-RS-T (61% [42%; 80%]) compared to MDS/MPN-U and CMML patients (21% [1%; 41%] and 19% [3%; 35%], p=0.002) (Figure 1). The CIP (95%CI) at 5 years between the three groups was significantly different: MDS/MPN-U and CMML (40% [18%; 61%] and 32% (14%-52%, respectively) vs. MDS/RS-T 8% [0.4%; 30%]) (p=0.005) (Figure 2). Conclusions: 1) In this series of patients with MDS/MPN (MDS-RS-T, MDS/MPN-U and CMML) according to the 2016 WHO classification clinical characteristics were similar except for hemoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase levels and leukocyte, monocyte and platelet counts. 2) Patients with MDS-RS-T had longer OS and less CIP than those with MDS/MPN-U and CMML; 3) The prognosis of MDS/MPN-U and CMML were similar. Supported by grants from: AGAUR 9015-470120/2015, 2017-SGR288 (GRC), CERCA Program from Generalitat de Catalunya, and "La Caixa" Foundation. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Spondyloarthritis in Japan in Comparison with Other Regions of the World

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 896-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsumasa Kishimoto ◽  
Kazuki Yoshida ◽  
Naomi Ichikawa ◽  
Hisashi Inoue ◽  
Yuko Kaneko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Hla B27 ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
The World

Objective.To delineate clinical characteristics of patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) in Japan in comparison to other areas of the world.Methods.Using the ASAS-COMOSPA (Assessment of Spondyloarthritis international Society–COMOrbidities in SPondyloArthritis) data, an international cross-sectional observational study of patients with SpA, we analyzed information on demographics, disease characteristics, comorbidities, and risk factors. Patients were classified by region: Japan, other Asian countries (China, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan), and non-Asian countries (Europe, the Americas, Africa). Patient characteristics, including diagnosis and treatment, were compared.Results.Among 3984 patients included in the study, 161 were from centers in Japan, 933 from other Asian countries, and 2890 from other regions. Of patients with SpA in Japan, 42 (26.1%) had peripheral SpA, substantially more than in other countries. This trend was explained by the predominance of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) among Japanese patients with SpA. In contrast to the relatively low number in Japan, 54% of patients from other Asian countries had pure axial SpA (axSpA) without peripheral features. HLA-B27 testing, considered an integral part of the classification of axSpA, was performed in only 63.6% of Japanese patients with axSpA. More than half of Japanese patients with axSpA were classified using imaging criteria.Conclusion.In our study, there was a more substantial number of peripheral SpA cases observed in Japan compared to other parts of Asia and other regions of the world. Aside from ethnic differences, increasing recognition of PsA in Japan, as well as a potential underdiagnosis of axSpA due to the insufficient use of HLA-B27 testing, may partly explain regional discrepancies.

scholarly journals Understanding the clinical and demographic characteristics of second coronavirus spike in 192 patients in Tehran, Iran: A retrospective study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0246314
Author(s):  
Hamid Zaferani Arani ◽  
Giti Dehghan Manshadi ◽  
Hesam Adin Atashi ◽  
Aida Rezaei Nejad ◽  
Seyyed Mojtaba Ghorani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Complicated Conditions ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Alternative Drugs

During the last months of the coronavirus pandemic, with all those public restrictions and health interventions, the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appears now to have been raised in some countries around the world. Iran was one of those first countries facing the second wave of coronavirus, due to the lack of appropriate public restrictions because of economic problems the country is facing. The clinical and demographic characteristics of severe cases and non-severe cases of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in 192 patients in Tehran, Iran, between June 16 and July 11, 2020, were investigated. The patients were divided into severe cases (n = 82) and non-severe cases (n = 110). Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between the two study clusters. The mean age was 54.6 ± 17.2 years, and the most common presenting symptom was persistent cough (81.8%) and fever (79.7%). The logistic regression model revealed that age, BMI, and affected family members were statistically associated with severity. Patients with complicated conditions of disorders faced more hospitalization days and medical care than the average statistical data. As the coronavirus spike in the case and death reports from June 2020, we observed the rise in the incidence of severe cases, where 42.7% (82/192) of cases have resulted in severe conditions. Our findings also suggested that the effect of IFB (Betamethasone) was more valid than the other alternative drugs such as LPV/r and IVIg.

Russian Citizens' Representations of the Country's Position in the Geopolitical Space of the Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe, and the World

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-251
Author(s):  
Victor F. Petrenko ◽  
Olga V. Mitina ◽  
Kirill A. Bertnikov
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Multidimensional Space ◽  
Commonwealth Of Independent States ◽  
Repertory Grids ◽  
Implicit Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Invariant Factors

The aim of this research was the reconstruction of the system of categories through which Russians perceive the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Europe, and the world as a whole; to study the implicit model of the geopolitical space; to analyze the stereotypes in the perception of different countries and the superposition of mental geopolitical representations onto the geographic map. The techniques of psychosemantics by Petrenko, originating in the semantic differential of Osgood and Kelly's “repertory grids,” were used as working tools. Multidimensional semantic spaces act as operational models of the structures of consciousness, and the positions of countries in multidimensional space reflect the geopolitical stereotypes of respondents about these countries. Because of the transformation of geopolitical reality representations in mass consciousness, the commonly used classification of countries as socialist, capitalist, and developing is being replaced by other structures. Four invariant factors of the countries' descriptions were identified. They are connected with Economic and Political Well-being, Military Might, Friendliness toward Russia, and Spirituality and the Level of Culture. It seems that the structure has not been explained in adequate detail and is not clearly realized by the individuals. There is an interrelationship between the democratic political structure of a country and its prosperity in the political mentality of Russian respondents. Russian public consciousness painfully strives for a new geopolitical identity and place in the commonwealth of states. It also signifies the country's interest and orientation toward the East in the search for geopolitical partners. The construct system of geopolitical perception also depends on the region of perception.

Small Industry, Gimmicks and Moscow Statistics, or How the Small Russian Enterprise Came into the World (Russian Physiological Sketch, 1830-1840)

2009 ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Yu. Golubitsky
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Russian Enterprise ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Small Industry ◽  
Xix Century

The article considers business practices of Moscow small industry in the XIX century, basing upon physiological sketches of N. Polevoy and I. Kokorev, statistical data and the classification of professions are also presented. The author claims that the heroes of the analyzed sketches are the forefathers of Moscow small businesses and shows what a deep similarity their occupations and a way of life bear to the present-day routine existence of small enterprises.

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