scholarly journals Dietary and Plasmodium challenge effects on cuticular hydrocarbons in Anopheles albimanus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola Claudio-Piedras ◽  
Benito Recio-Tótoro ◽  
Jorge Cime-Castillo ◽  
Renaud Condé ◽  
Massimo Maffei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
Flame Ionization Detection ◽  
Anopheles Albimanus ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Parasite Challenge

Abstract The cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile reflects the insect’s physiological states. These states include age, sex, reproductive stage, or gravidity. Environmental factors such as diet, relative humidity, or exposure to insecticides also affect the CHCs composition in mosquitoes. In this work, the CHC profile was analyzed in two Anopheles albimanus phenotypes with different degrees of susceptibility to Plasmodium: the susceptible-White and resistant-Brown phenotypes. The effects of the CHC profile were considered under a carbon-rich diet (sugar), a protein-rich diet (blood), and an infectious challenge (blood containing Plasmodium berghei ookinetes). The CHCs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with either mass spectrometry or flame ionization detection, identifying 19 CHCs with chain lengths ranging from 20 to 37 carbons. The qualitative and quantitative changes observed in the CHCs composition were dependent on the diet and parasite challenge, and independent of the phenotype. The exception was the challenged condition, where significant differences between the phenotypes were observed in Z-12 pentacosane, hexacosane 9-octyl, methyl-nonacosane, and methyl-hentriacontane. Since the lipid metabolism in Anopheles mosquitoes has been shown crucial for Plasmodium development, the changes in the CHC profiles associated with infection could have multiple effects on mosquito fitness and impacts on disease transmission.

scholarly journals Dietary and Plasmodium challenge effects on the cuticular hydrocarbon profile of Anopheles albimanus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola Claudio-Piedras ◽  
Benito Recio-Tótoro ◽  
Jorge Cime-Castillo ◽  
Renaud Condé ◽  
Massimo Maffei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Anopheles Albimanus ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profile ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Protein Rich

AbstractThe cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile reflects the insects’ physiological states. These include age, sex, reproductive stage, and gravidity. Environmental factors such as diet, relative humidity or exposure to insecticides also affect the CHC composition in mosquitoes. In this work, the CHC profile was analyzed in two Anopheles albimanus phenotypes with different degrees of susceptibility to Plasmodium, the susceptible-White and resistant-Brown phenotypes, in response to the two dietary regimes of mosquitoes: a carbon-rich diet (sugar) and a protein-rich diet (blood) alone or containing Plasmodium ookinetes. The CHCs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry or flame ionization detection, identifying 19 CHCs with chain lengths ranging from 20 to 37 carbons. Qualitative and quantitative changes in CHCs composition were dependent on diet, a parasite challenge, and, to a lesser extent, the phenotype. Blood-feeding caused up to a 40% reduction in the total CHC content compared to sugar-feeding. If blood contained ookinetes, further changes in the CHC profile were observed depending on the Plasmodium susceptibility of the phenotypes. Higher infection prevalence caused greater changes in the CHC profile. These dietary and infection-associated modifications in the CHCs could have multiple effects on mosquito fitness, impacts on disease transmission, and tolerance to insecticides.

Expression of laminin and beta-1 integrin in embryonic, neonatal, and adult rat heart

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
R.L. Price ◽  
T.K. Borg ◽  
L. Terracio ◽  
M. Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Cytoplasmic Face ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Basement Membrane Component ◽  
Beta 1 Integrin ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Cytoskeletal Elements ◽  
External Face

Little is known about the temporal expression of extracellular matrix components (ECM) and its receptors during development of the heart. Recent reports have shown that ECM components undergo both qualitative and quantitative changes during development, and it is believed that ECM components are important in the regulation of cell migration and cell:cell and cell:ECM recognition and adhesion.Integrins are transmembrane glycoproteins which bind several ECM components on their external face and cytoskeletal elements on the cytoplasmic face. Laminin is a basement membrane component which has been recognized as an important site for cell adhesion. Both the integrins and laminin are expressed early in development and continue to be expressed in the adult heart. With their documented roles in cell recognition, and cell:cell and cell:ECM migration and adhesion these proteins appear to be important components in development of the heart, and their temporal expression may play a pivotal role in morphogenesis and myofibrillogenesis of the heart.

Functional MR Imaging of the Motor Cortex in Active and Passive Movement: Qualitative and Quantitative Changes

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Ki Bong Yu ◽  
Myung Kwan Lim ◽  
Hyung Jin Kim ◽  
Jun Soo Byun ◽  
Young Kook Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Functional Mr Imaging ◽  
Quantitative Changes

STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS OF HUMAN INTESTINAL MICROBIOME IN DIFFERENT CLIMATIC AND ECOLOGICAL ZONES OF ST. PETERSBURG

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Bugero N.V. ◽  
Ilyina N.A. ◽  
Aleksandrova S.M.
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Micro Organisms

In order to understand the structure and dynamics of symbiotic relationships of human intestinal biotope micro-organisms, taxonomic constancy indices, the degree of contagion of the biocenosis under study and floristic significance were investigated, which made it possible to detect qualitative and quantitative changes in the microecology of the biotope being studied in persons living in different ecologically heterogeneous territories of Saint Petersburg. The contagiosity index estimated the distribution of species in space. Persons living in the ecologically disadvantaged Kirov district of the city have been found to show a reliable increase in this indicator for the obligate microflora: bifido and lacto bacteria, intestinal columns and bacteroids, compared to the resort district, which is considered a relatively favourable area for residence. On the contrary, there has been a reliable decrease in this indicator in the group of opportunistic micro-organisms (fungi of the genus Candida, staphylococcus, clostridium, etc.), resulting in the liberation of ecological niches successfully occupied by transient flora. This ratio reveals an imbalance of participation in the horizontal structure of the intestine ecosystem of the main symbiotes and representatives of the transient flora. To analyse the structure of symbiotic relationships, the constancy indices that form the microflora of the individuals of the groups studied were investigated. The analysis of the data obtained suggested that the dominant species in both groups were optional-anaerobic bifido and lactobacteria and oblique-anaerobic bacteroids. It should be noted, however, that in the residents of the dysfunctional Kirovsky district, against the background of the reduced constancy of the normal flora, opportunistic micro-organisms have entered. The floral significance index was also declining in the obligate flora of this group and increased for opportunistic species. Thus, the study of the environmental characteristics of the intestinal biotope using different ecological parameters for persons living in different technogenic load regions of St. Petersburg has shown that in the Kirov district with an unfavourable environmental situation there are compensated qualitative and quantitative changes in the intestinal microbiocenosis, resulting in a change in the hierarchy in the overall structure of micro-organisms.

Improved Cleanup and Derivatization for Gas Chromatographic Determination of Monosodium Glutamate in Foods

1983 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1528-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Nakanishi
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Acid Derivative ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Flame Ionization Detection ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Chromatographic Procedure

Abstract A gas chromatographic procedure is described for determining monosodium glutamate (MSG) in several types of food. A sample is extracted with acetone- water (1 + 1). Acetone is evaporated and an aliquot of the extract is buffered with 1M NH4OH-1M NH4CI pH 9 solution, and chromatographed directly on a column of QAE Sephadex A-25 that has been pretreated with the same buffer. MSG is eluted with 0.1N HC1, and a portion of the eluate is evaporated to dryness and reacted with dimethylformamide( DMF)-dimethylacetal to form the glutamic acid derivative, which is injected into a gas chromatograph and measured by flame ionization detection. Recoveries of MSG from sample fortified at 5-500 mg ranged from 92.8 to 100%.

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