Conservation State of Two Paintings in the Santa Margherita Cliff Cave: Role of the Environment and of the Microbial Community

Abstract The conservation of ancient paintings sited in humid environments is an actual challenge for restorers, because it needs the knowledge of the materials the paintings are made up and of their interaction with a peculiar surrounding environment; thus, tailored procedures and strategies aimed at restoring and preserving paintings are necessary. The Santa Margherita’s cave in Castellammare del Golfo (Trapani, Italy) is a natural cave, containing the remains of paintings, in a poor state of conservation, belonging to an ancient church dated back to the Middle Age. The present manuscript reports the monitoring of environmental conditions (i.e., temperature and humidity) in a full year as well as a study on the materials constituting the stone support and the paintings together with a survey of the microbial community. The findings allow us to define the causes which mainly involve the degradation of the paintings. In detail, the degradation of the east and the west wall occurred differently because of the exposure to the sea aerosol, which influenced the salt composition, also contributing to diversifying the bacterial community. Some specific actions to plan the conservation and restoration of paintings and to preserve the site are suggested.

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Role of vertical migration of deep-seated fluids in formation of the salt composition of subsurface waters of the West Siberian basin

International Geology Review ◽

10.1080/00206817509471709 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 134-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.A. Rozin

Keyword(s):

Vertical Migration ◽

Salt Composition ◽

The West ◽

Subsurface Waters ◽

Deep Seated Fluids ◽

West Siberian Basin

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Regulation of Life Span by The Gut Microbiota in The Short-Lived African Turquoise Killifish

10.1101/120980 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Patrick Smith ◽

David Willemsen ◽

Miriam Popkes ◽

Franziska Metge ◽

Edson Gandiwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Life Span ◽

Middle Age ◽

External Environment ◽

Systemic Effects ◽

Life Span Extension ◽

Nothobranchius Furzeri ◽

Vertebrate Model

ABSTRACTGut bacteria occupy the interface between the organism and the external environment, contributing to homeostasis and disease. Yet, the causal role of the gut microbiota during host aging is largely unexplored. Here, using the African turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri), a naturally short-lived vertebrate, we show that the gut microbiota plays a key role in modulating vertebrate life span. Recolonizing the gut of middle-age individuals with bacteria from young donors resulted in life span extension and delayed behavioral decline. This intervention prevented the decrease in microbial diversity associated with host aging and maintained a young-like gut bacterial community, characterized by overrepresentation of the key genera Exiguobacterium, Planococcus, Propionigenium and Psychrobacter. Our findings demonstrate that the natural microbial gut community of young individuals can causally induce long-lasting beneficial systemic effects that lead to life span extension in a vertebrate model.

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Metagenome analyses reveal the role of Clostridium perfringens in alfalfa silage anaerobic deterioration

FEMS Microbiology Letters ◽

10.1093/femsle/fnaa052 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 367 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Mingli Zheng ◽

Dongze Niu ◽

Di Jiang ◽

Rongrong Li ◽

Lin Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

Clostridium Perfringens ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Dominant Role ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Fermentation Products ◽

Microbial Community Analyses ◽

Alfalfa Silage

ABSTRACT The clostridial fermentation caused by the outgrowth of Clostridia was mainly responsible for the silage anaerobic deterioration. Our previous results showed that Clostridium perfringens dominated the clostridial community in poor-fermented alfalfa silage. This study was conducted to further examine the role of C. perfringens in silage anaerobic deterioration through fermentation products and the microbial community analyses. Direct-cut alfalfa was ensiled with C. perfringens contamination (CKC) or with the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum, sucrose and C. perfringens (LSC). Contamination with C. perfringens enhanced the clostridial fermentation in CKC silage, as indicated by high contents of butyric acid, ammonia nitrogen and Clostridia, while LSC silage was well preserved. The genera Bifidobacterium, Garciella and Clostridium dominated the bacterial community in CKC silage, while predominate genus was replaced by Lactobacillus in LSC silage. The clostridial community in CKC silage was dominated by Garciella sp. (26.9 to 58.1%) and C. tyrobutyricum (24.4 to 48.6%), while the relative abundance of C. perfringens was below 5.0%. Therefore, the effect of Clostridia contamination on ensiling fermentation was dependent on the ensilability of the silage material. Garciella sp. and C. tyrobutyricum, rather than C. perfringens, played dominant role in the clostridial fermentation in CKC silage.

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A distinct and active bacterial community in cold oxygenated fluids circulating beneath the western flank of the Mid-Atlantic ridge

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep22541 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Julie L. Meyer ◽

Ulrike Jaekel ◽

Benjamin J. Tully ◽

Brian T. Glazer ◽

C. Geoffrey Wheat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Geochemical Composition ◽

Crustal Fluid ◽

Functional Potential ◽

Mid Atlantic Ridge ◽

Bacterial Groups ◽

Insight Into

Abstract The rock-hosted, oceanic crustal aquifer is one of the largest ecosystems on Earth, yet little is known about its indigenous microorganisms. Here we provide the first phylogenetic and functional description of an active microbial community residing in the cold oxic crustal aquifer. Using subseafloor observatories, we recovered crustal fluids and found that the geochemical composition is similar to bottom seawater, as are cell abundances. However, based on relative abundances and functional potential of key bacterial groups, the crustal fluid microbial community is heterogeneous and markedly distinct from seawater. Potential rates of autotrophy and heterotrophy in the crust exceeded those of seawater, especially at elevated temperatures (25 °C) and deeper in the crust. Together, these results reveal an active, distinct, and diverse bacterial community engaged in both heterotrophy and autotrophy in the oxygenated crustal aquifer, providing key insight into the role of microbial communities in the ubiquitous cold dark subseafloor biosphere.

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Functional plasticity in oyster gut microbiomes along a eutrophication gradient in an urbanized estuary

Animal Microbiome ◽

10.1186/s42523-020-00066-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca J. Stevick ◽

Anton F. Post ◽

Marta Gómez-Chiarri

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Community Structure ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

Microbial Community Structure ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Eastern Oyster ◽

Coastal Pollution ◽

And Function

Abstract Background Oysters in coastal environments are subject to fluctuating environmental conditions that may impact the ecosystem services they provide. Oyster-associated microbiomes are responsible for some of these services, particularly nutrient cycling in benthic habitats. The effects of climate change on host-associated microbiome composition are well-known, but functional changes and how they may impact host physiology and ecosystem functioning are poorly characterized. We investigated how environmental parameters affect oyster-associated microbial community structure and function along a trophic gradient in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. Adult eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, gut and seawater samples were collected at 5 sites along this estuarine nutrient gradient in August 2017. Samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize bacterial community structures and metatranscriptomes were sequenced to determine oyster gut microbiome responses to local environments. Results There were significant differences in bacterial community structure between the eastern oyster gut and water samples, suggesting selection of certain taxa by the oyster host. Increasing salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen, and decreasing nitrate, nitrite and phosphate concentrations were observed along the North to South gradient. Transcriptionally active bacterial taxa were similar for the different sites, but expression of oyster-associated microbial genes involved in nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) cycling varied throughout the Bay, reflecting the local nutrient regimes and prevailing environmental conditions. Conclusions The observed shifts in microbial community composition and function inform how estuarine conditions affect host-associated microbiomes and their ecosystem services. As the effects of estuarine acidification are expected to increase due to the combined effects of eutrophication, coastal pollution, and climate change, it is important to determine relationships between host health, microbial community structure, and environmental conditions in benthic communities.

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MEMBANGUN REMAJA SEHAT UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN PRIBADI YANG BERAKHLAK MULIA

E-Dimas Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ◽

10.26877/e-dimas.v3i1.254 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Heri Saptadi Ismanto ◽

Joko Sulianto ◽

Mudzanatun IKIP PGRI Semarang ◽

Ryky Mandar Sari

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Delinquency ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Vital Role ◽

Mental Development ◽

Surrounding Environment ◽

The Family ◽

External Conditions ◽

Role Of Parents

AbstractParents have a vital role for growth and development of a teenager. Parents as the first actor to be an example for a teenager, so it must equip children with knowledge of the personality and the science of religion that later children can socialize in the community. Juvenile delinquency is happening is not the fault of the parents themselves, but also lies in the surrounding environment that can affect the behavior of adolescent youth. The role of parents and the environment is important for teens to form personal the better. In dealing with teenagers there are some things you should always keep in mind, namely that the soul is a soul-filled adolescent turmoil. Internal and external conditions are equally turbulent adolescence that causes more prone than other stages of mental development of adolescents. To reduce collisions between turbulence and to provide opportunities for youth to develop themselves in a more optimal, need to be created nearby environmental conditions as stable as possible, especially the family environment.Key Words: Adolescents, Personal, Moral HonorAbstrakOrang tua memiliki peran yang sangat penting terhadap tumbuh kembang seorang remaja. Orang tua sebagai aktor pertama yang menjadi contoh bagi seorang remaja, sehingga harus membekali anak dengan ilmu kepribadian dan ilmu agama supaya kelak anak dapat bersosialisasi dimasyarakat. Kenakalan remaja yang terjadi bukanlah kesalahan dari orang tua sendiri, melainkan juga terletak pada lingkungan disekitar remaja yang dapat mempengaruhi perilaku remaja. Peran orang tua dan lingkungan sekitar sangatlah penting untuk membentuk pribadi remaja agar menjadi lebih baik. Dalam menghadapi remaja ada beberapa hal yang harus selalu diingat, yaitu bahwa jiwa remaja adalah jiwa yang penuh gejolak. Kondisi intern dan ekstern yang sama-sama bergejolak inilah yang menyebabkan masa remaja lebih rawan daripada tahap-tahap lain perkembangan jiwa remaja. Untuk mengurangi benturan antargejolak itu dan untuk memberi kesempatan agar remaja dapat mengembangkan dirinya secara lebih optimal, perlu diciptakan kondisi lingkungan terdekat yang sestabil mungkin, khususnya lingkungan keluarga.Kata Kunci: Remaja, Pribadi, Akhlak Mulia

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Regulation of life span by the gut microbiota in the short-lived African turquoise killifish

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.27014 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 116

Author(s):

Patrick Smith ◽

David Willemsen ◽

Miriam Popkes ◽

Franziska Metge ◽

Edson Gandiwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Life Span ◽

Middle Age ◽

External Environment ◽

Systemic Effects ◽

Life Span Extension ◽

Nothobranchius Furzeri ◽

Vertebrate Model

Gut bacteria occupy the interface between the organism and the external environment, contributing to homeostasis and disease. Yet, the causal role of the gut microbiota during host aging is largely unexplored. Here, using the African turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri), a naturally short-lived vertebrate, we show that the gut microbiota plays a key role in modulating vertebrate life span. Recolonizing the gut of middle-age individuals with bacteria from young donors resulted in life span extension and delayed behavioral decline. This intervention prevented the decrease in microbial diversity associated with host aging and maintained a young-like gut bacterial community, characterized by overrepresentation of the key genera Exiguobacterium, Planococcus, Propionigenium and Psychrobacter. Our findings demonstrate that the natural microbial gut community of young individuals can causally induce long-lasting beneficial systemic effects that lead to life span extension in a vertebrate model.

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Making Sense of a Scent-Sensing Metaphor for Microbes and Environmental Predictions

mSystems ◽

10.1128/msystems.00993-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Jeff S. Bowman

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Ecosystem Change ◽

Making Sense ◽

Surrounding Environment

Microbes serve as sensitive indicators of ecosystem change due to their vast diversity and tendency to change in abundance in response to environmental conditions. Although we most frequently observe these changes to study the microbial community itself, it is increasingly common to use them to understand the surrounding environment.

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Gospel scenes in the narthex of the Mileseva church: A contribution to the reconstruction and interpretation of the original programme

Zograf ◽

10.2298/zog1337107m ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 107-132

Author(s):

Vesna Milanovic

Keyword(s):

Small Group ◽

Careful Examination ◽

The West ◽

West Wall ◽

Last Supper ◽

Side Walls ◽

Passion Of Christ ◽

The Relationship ◽

Underlying Theme

The paper is focused on the issue of the original content and structure of a heavily damaged iconographic whole in the narthex of the Mileseva monastery church. A careful examination of the surviving material and contemporary analogies seeks to elucidate the unknowns and dilemmas surrounding the adopted solutions. The analysis of the content of the frescoes on the side walls should clarify the role of the Last Supper and the Washing of the Feet within the small group of scenes whose underlying theme was the Passion of Christ. The findings concerning the relationship between these scenes and a seemingly inexplicable combination of solutions on the west wall corroborate the assumption that the whole was conceived as a system of counterparts. Some observations substantiate the recently advanced hypothesis that the now gone east wall of the narthex featured, above the door to the naos, a Crucifixion scene as an integral and especially emphasized component of the cycle.

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