scholarly journals Determinants of Rural Households’ Vulnerability to Food Insecurity in Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fassil Eshetu
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Access To Credit

Abstract The aim of this study was to measure the level and determinants of rural households’ vulnerability to food insecurity using a sample of 574 households and feasible generalized least square method. Results showed that the mean level of food insecurity at high land, low land and middle land areas are 73.12, 77.11 and 52.24 percent respectively. But mean level of vulnerability to food insecurity at high land, low land and middle land areas are 76.87, 84.32 and 55.62 percent respectively. The overall level of food insecurity and vulnerability to food insecurity in the study area are 68.31 and 73.34 perecent respectively. Thus, vulnerability to food insecurity is more wide spread in the study areas particularly in moisture stress low land area. Logistic regression showed that age of household, family size, off farm income, safety net programs, distance from health, death of household members and death of animals significantly increase rural households’ vulnerability to food insecurity. But, farm income, irrigation use and credit uses significantly decrease rural households’ vulnerability to food insecurity. Hence, government may help rural households to gather more resources and reduce vulnerability to food insecurity via better access to credit, infrastructure, irrigation uses and population control.

Determinants of Households Vulnerability to Food Insecurity: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-61
Author(s):  
Fassil Eshetu ◽  
Adem Guye
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government ◽  
Semi Arid

This study examines the level and determinants of households’ vulnerability to food insecurity using feasible generalised least square method. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from a random sample of 574 households. Descriptive results indicated that the incidence, depth and severity of food insecurity were 68, 31 and 18 per cent, respectively, while mean vulnerability to food insecurity was 73.34 per cent. The mean level of vulnerability to food insecurity at Chencha (humid), Demba Gofa (semi-arid) and Kamba (arid) districts were 77, 55 and 84 per cent, respectively. In addition, the mean kilocalorie deficiency gap in the study areas was 682 Kcal per adult equivalent per day, while the mean kilocalorie deficiency gaps which would be needed to lift households out of food insecurity were 462, 440 and 506 Kcal per adult equivalent per day at Chencha (humid), Demba Gofa (semi-arid) and Kamba (arid) districts, respectively. Regression results revealed that the age of household head, family size, safety net programmes, distance from healthcare and death of household members significantly increase households’ vulnerability to food insecurity. But farm income, irrigation use and credit use significantly decrease households’ vulnerability to food insecurity. The government needs to provide credit, viable off-farm employment, small-scale irrigation services and road infrastructure to rural poor to reduce vulnerability to food insecurity. Population control and family planning would also increase resource and consumption per capita and will lead to lower vulnerability.

scholarly journals Determinants of Rural Households Food Insecurity in Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
Fassil Eshetu
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Least Square Estimation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Related Factors

Aim: This study aimed at examining the level and determinants of food insecurity of rural households in Southern Ethiopia using a sample of 574 households and two-stage least square estimation. Materials and Methods: A total sample of 574 rural households was selected from the three Districts proportionately: 160, 262 and 178 sample households from Demba Gofa, Kamba and Chencha District respectively. Samples of 11 kebeles or Peasant Associations were selected from the three Districts proportionately depending on the number of kebeles in each District. Results: The mean level of household food insecurity access score is 7.1847 or about 79.83 per cent of households in the study areas are food insecure. The study found that rural households at moisture stress low lands are more food insecure compared to households at middle lands and high lands. The two-stage least square estimation also revealed that food availability theory related factors such as family size and land size significantly affect food insecurity in the study areas. Moreover, food entitlement theory related factors like market access, education, livestock ownership, off-farm participation and productive safety net participation also significantly influenced food insecurity in Southern Ethiopia. Thus, both the demand and supply side factors are the main causes of food insecurity in Southern Ethiopia. Conclusion: Government has to invest in infrastructure so as to link production centres with consumption centres. Transforming the highly vulnerable rain-fed agriculture to more resilient irrigation-based agriculture is crucial so as to boost agricultural productivity and set an end to food insecurity in the country. Provision financial services and off-farm job opportunities for rural unbanked people, population control via family planning or adult education and ensuring political stability can reduce the vulnerability of the population to food insecurity in the study areas.

scholarly journals Household food insecurity and hunger among households in Sidama district, southern Ethiopia

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1276-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigatu Regassa ◽  
Barbara J Stoecker
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Household Food

AbstractObjectiveTo examine household food insecurity and hunger in Sidama Zone, one of the most populous zones in southern Ethiopia.DesignCross-sectional survey administered individually by trained interviewers. Food insecurity was calculated with both the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and the Household Hunger Scale (HHS), developed by the Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project.SettingRural households from ten kebeles (the smallest administrative district) selected from two agro-climatic zones in Sidama, southern Ethiopia, from December 2010 to January 2011.SubjectsMen and women respondents from 1094 rural households were selected using multistage sampling techniques.ResultsUsing the HFIAS, 17·7 % of households were food secure. The percentage of households that were mildly, moderately and severely food insecure was 6·8 %, 27·7 % and 47·8 %, respectively. Using the HHS, 29·0 % and 5·6 % of households fell into the moderate and severe household hunger categories. Using multivariate statistical techniques, five variables were significant predictors of both food insecurity and hunger. These variables were migration of a household member, agro-climatic zone, and younger age, less education and lower radio access for the woman. Being eligible for safety-net credit programmes also was a predictor of hunger, while limited animal ownership and household wealth as well as alcohol use by the household head added to the prediction of food insecurity.ConclusionsThe study documented that food insecurity is a major concern of smallholder farming households in the study area. A substantial majority of the households were facing mild to severe food insecurity and hunger for an extended period of time.

Food insecurity transitions among rural households in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi Adeola Obayelu ◽  
Emem Ime Akpan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Food Expenditure

Food insecurity dynamics of rural households in Nigeria was assessed using a panel data. Results showed that 44.4% of households that were food secure in the first panel transited into food insecurity in the second panel, while 32.5% that were mildly food insecure transited into food security. Furthermore, 25.7% transited from moderate food insecurity to food security, while 38.2% transited from severe food insecurity to food security. About 35.1% of households were never food insecure; 11.4% exited food insecurity 28.0% entered food insecurity; while 25.48% remained always food insecure. Having primary education, secondary education, dependency ratio, household size, share of non-food expenditure and farm size explained food insecurity transition. However, the likelihood of a household being always food insecure was explained by gender, female-to-male-adult ratio, marital status, primary education, secondary education, dependency ratio, share of non-food expenditure, farm size, access to credit and access to remittance.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CONTRACT FARMING AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF BROILER FARMERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-433
Author(s):  
Luke ADEBISI ◽  
Oluwaremilekun ADEBISI ◽  
Marvellous OWOLABI ◽  
Edet HENSHAW ◽  
Olaide ASIYANBI
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Broiler Production

The study assessed the effect of contract farming on broiler production in Osun State, Nigeria. 120 farmers comprising of broiler farmers participating and not participating in contract farming were selected using multistage sampling technique. Information was elicited from the farmers with the aid of a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Stochastic Production Frontier and Ordinary least square regression model. The findings of this study revealed that majority (75%) of the farmers rated the activities of contracting farming to be good and favorable, as the contract farmers earn more from broiler production than their counterparts. Average technical efficiency of the contract and non contract farmers were 0.8209 and 0.6803, respectively. The results also revealed that years of experience in broiler production, education of farmer, off-farm income, membership in farmers association, access to credit, access to veterinary services and participation in contract farming significantly affected technical efficiency of broiler farmers in the study area. Therefore, the study recommends that there should be increase in the awareness of the benefits associated with contract farming in agrarian communities, so that more farmers are encouraged to participate, as this will improve their production efficiency.

scholarly journals GRADUATION DETERMINANTS OF PRODUCTIVE SAFETY NET PROGRAM BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLDS: A LOGISTIC ANALYSIS, TIGRAI-ETHIOPIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yibrah Hagos Gebresilassie
Keyword(s):  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Predicting Factors

Household food security issues have become the concern of international communities as well as national government of Ethiopia. Social safety nets (like Productive Safety Net Program in Ethiopia) are programs that offer protection to poor rural people by providing income through transfer programs and employment opportunities. The main objective of this study was to identify the major graduation determinants of Productive safety Net Program beneficiary rural households using a logistic regression technique from a total of 400 sample respondents using Eastern zone of Tigrai regional national state, northern Ethiopia, as case study site. The researcher was initially identified about sixteen predicting factors of which just ten of them were found to be statistically significant, and all exhibited the expected signs. Regression results revealed thatan introduction to integrated agricultural package make use of, male-headed household, age squared of the household head, educational status of the household head, saving culture, male adults, non-government organizations follow-up, access to credit, access to petty trading and irrigation have led productive safety net program beneficiary households to have more probability of graduation. Finally, it is recommended that assisting farming rural households to diversify and expand their sources of income in order to be able to meet their minimum food requirement and graduate soon through the provision of integrated agricultural packages. Besides, program participants should be followed up by non-government organizations and highly engaged in petty trading to graduate sooner, boost their income and food secure.

scholarly journals Determining the Resilience of Rural Households to Food Insecurity during Drought Conditions in Fars Province, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8384
Author(s):  
Nosha Nahid ◽  
Farhad Lashgarara ◽  
Seyed Jamal Farajolah Hosseini ◽  
Seyed Mehdi Mirdamadi ◽  
Kurosh Rezaei-Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Resilience Index

Climate change and drought have greatly affected the food security of rural families. Regarding to importance of the resilience approach in food security, this study aimed to examine the resiliency determinant factors based on six indicators included income and food access, access to basic services, assets, social safety net, adaptive capacity, and stability. The above-mentioned indicators were extracted from the food and agricultural organization’s resilience index. This research was of the survey type, and data were collected from a sample of population based on a stratified random sampling. The sample population was 270 respondents from the Fars province who faced food insecurity due to drought. Based on the factorial analysis, the model presented in this research had a high predictability of resilience among rural households. The validity and reliability of this model were tested and verified. The results showed that the stability variable was considered the most important resiliency determinant toward food insecurity. Cluster analysis suggested two groups: high- and low-resilience households. The results revealed that more than half of rural families had a lower resilience to food insecurity, while less than 45 percent of rural households in this study had higher resiliency, which was characterized by a series of features. The verified model in this study identified a standard framework for assessing the resiliency of households to cope with food insecurity and to recover from shocks related to drought.

scholarly journals Vulnerability of Smallholder Farmers to Climate Change-Induced Shocks in East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2162
Author(s):  
Titay Zeleke ◽  
Fekadu Beyene ◽  
Temesgen Deressa ◽  
Jemal Yousuf ◽  
Temesgen Kebede
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change

Vulnerability assessment varies widely across households, countries, and regions. Though many previous studies assessed vulnerability to climate change, their unit of analysis was aggregate. Therefore, the objective of this study was to measure the vulnerability of smallholder farmers to climate change at the household level and identify its determinant factors in east Hararghe zone. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select districts, kebeles, and sample respondents. Vulnerability as expected poverty approach was used to measure household-level vulnerability. Logit model was also used to assess factors contributing to households’ vulnerability. The study revealed that 73% of households were vulnerable to climate-induced shocks. Households with better farm experience, land size, livestock ownership, access to credit, access to extension service, social capital, access to climate information, non-farm income, and headed by a male were not vulnerable to climate change; whereas households who were living in low and midland agro-ecologies, far from the market, and participating in productive safety-net programs were vulnerable to climate change. The study indicated that the vulnerability of smallholder farmers was sensitive to the minimum income required to maintain daily life. Income-generating activities that supplement farm income should be well designed in policy to reduce the vulnerability of smallholder farmers.

Income diversification strategies among rural households in developing countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardin Senadza
Keyword(s):  
Rural Households ◽  
Multinomial Logit ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Rural Income ◽  
Diversification Strategies ◽  
On Farm

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the income strategies adopted by rural households in Ghana and analyzes the determinants of households’ choice of income portfolio. Design/methodology/approach – A multinomial logit approach is employed by the paper to investigate the determinants of various income strategies adopted by households in rural Ghana. Findings – Results indicate that household characteristics, location and infrastructure all play a role in explaining the adoption of income strategies other than a purely on-farm strategy by households. Education is a key determinant of income strategies involving non-farm wage employment, while access to credit and electricity play important roles in non-farm self-employment income strategies. Practical implications – The findings of the paper call for a promotion of off-farm income opportunities to complement farm incomes and to enhance access of rural households to these sources of income. Originality/value – The paper models rural household income portfolios into mutually exclusive categories which enables the application of the multinomial logit approach. The paper deviates from mainstream rural income diversification literature that has focussed on assessing the determinants of income shares.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR DOMINAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI EKONOMI RUMAHTANGGA PETANI PADI SAWAH DI KECAMATAN SUNGAI MANDAU KABUPATEN SIAK

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Suci Jamilah ◽  
Suardi Tarumun ◽  
Djaimi Bakce
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Education Investment ◽  
Hired Labor

This research aims to analyze the dominant factors that respect to household economics of paddy farmers that included production, allocation of work time, income, and expenditure in Sungai Mandau Sub-district, Siak Municipality. The econometric approach using a model of simultaneous equations with Two-Stage Least Square method (2SLS) was used to answer the research goals. The main finding of this research showed that the dominant factors that respect to production are harvest area of paddy and costs of production facilities. Allocation of work time consists of: First, allocation of work time on farming respects the allocation of work time of off-farm and labor force. Second, the hired labor respects to farming income. Third, allocation of work time of off-farm respects to off-farm income, allocation of work time on farming, farmer's work experiences and age of farmers. Income respects to the allocation of work time of off-farm. Expenditure consists of: First, food consumption respects to total income, the number of families, and health spending. Second, non-food consumption respects to total income. Third, education investment respects to total income and the number of school children. Fourth, paddy farming investment respects to total income, harvest area of paddy, and food consumption. Fifth, saving respects to total income, total consumption, education investment, and health spending.

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