scholarly journals Rural-urban differences in the mental health of perinatal women: a UK-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ginja ◽  
Katherine Jackson ◽  
James J Newham ◽  
Emily J Henderson ◽  
Debbie Smart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Perinatal Women

Abstract Background: International data suggest that living in a rural area is associated with an increased risk of perinatal mental illness. This study tested the association between rurality and risk for two mental illnesses prevalent in perinatal women - depression and anxiety.Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, antenatal and postnatal women were approached by healthcare professionals and through other networks in a county in Northern England (UK). After providing informed consent, women completed a questionnaire where they indicated their postcode (used to determine rural-urban status) and completed three outcome measures: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Whooley (depression measure), and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 2-item (GAD-2). Logistic regression models were developed, both unadjusted and adjusted for potential confounders, including socioeconomic status, social support and perinatal stage.Results: 295 participants provided valid data. Women in rural areas (n=130) were mostly comparable to their urban counterparts (n=165). Risk for depression and/or anxiety was found to be higher in the rural group across all models: unadjusted OR 1.67 95% CI 1.03 to 2.72, p=.038. This difference though indicative did not reach statistical significance after adjusting for socioeconomic status and perinatal stage (OR 1.57 (0.40), 95% CI 0.95 to 2.58, p=.078), and for social support (OR 1.65 (0.46), 95% CI 0.96 to 2.84, p=.070).Conclusions: Data suggested that women in rural areas were at higher risk of depression and anxiety than their urban counterparts. Further work should be undertaken to corroborate these findings and investigate the underlying factors. This will help inform future interventions and the allocation of perinatal services to where they are most needed.

scholarly journals Rural-urban differences in the mental health of perinatal women: a UK-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ginja ◽  
Katherine Jackson ◽  
James J Newham ◽  
Emily J Henderson ◽  
Debbie Smart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Perinatal Women

Abstract Background: International data suggest that living in a rural area is associated with an increased risk of perinatal mental illness. This study tested the association between rurality and risk for two mental illnesses prevalent in perinatal women - depression and anxiety. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, antenatal and postnatal women were approached by healthcare professionals and through other networks in a county in Northern England (UK). After providing informed consent, women completed a questionnaire where they indicated their postcode (used to determine rural-urban status) and completed three outcome measures: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Whooley (depression measure), and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 2-item (GAD-2). Logistic regression models were developed, both unadjusted and adjusted for potential confounders, including socioeconomic status, social support and perinatal stage. Results: 295 participants provided valid data. Women in rural areas (n=130) were mostly comparable to their urban counterparts (n=165). Risk for depression and/or anxiety was found to be higher in the rural group across all models: unadjusted OR 1.67 95% CI 1.03 to 2.72, p=.038. This difference though indicative did not reach statistical significance after adjusting for socioeconomic status and perinatal stage (OR 1.57 (0.40), 95% CI 0.95 to 2.58, p=.078), and for social support (OR 1.65 (0.46), 95% CI 0.96 to 2.84, p=.070). Conclusions: Data suggested that women in rural areas were at higher risk of depression and anxiety than their urban counterparts. Further work should be undertaken to corroborate these findings and investigate the underlying factors. This will help inform future interventions and the allocation of perinatal services to where they are most needed.

scholarly journals Rural-Urban Differences in the Mental Health of Perinatal Women: A UK-based Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ginja ◽  
Katherine Jackson ◽  
James J Newham ◽  
Emily J Henderson ◽  
Debbie Smart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Perinatal Women

Abstract Background: International data suggest that living in a rural area is associated with an increased risk of perinatal mental illness. This study tested the association between rurality and two mental illnesses prevalent in perinatal women - depression and anxiety. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, antenatal and postnatal women were approached by healthcare professionals and through other networks in North Yorkshire (England, UK). After providing informed consent, women completed a questionnaire where they indicated their postcode (used to determine rural-urban status) and completed three outcome measures: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Whooley (depression measure), and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 2-item (GAD-2). Logistic regression models were developed, both unadjusted and adjusted for potential confounders, including socioeconomic status, social support and perinatal stage. Results: 295 participants provided valid data. Women in rural areas (n=130) were mostly comparable to their urban counterparts (n=165). Higher rates of depression and/or anxiety were found in the rural group across all models: unadjusted OR 1.67 95% CI 1.03 to 2.72, p=.038. This difference though indicative did not reach statistical significance after adjusting for socioeconomic status and perinatal stage (OR 1.57 (0.40), 95% CI 0.95 to 2.58, p=.078), and for social support (OR 1.65 (0.46), 95% CI 0.96 to 2.84, p=.070). Conclusions: The evidence, though limited, suggests a higher prevalence of mental illness amongst perinatal women in rural areas. The underlying mechanisms for this increased prevalence need to be explored further in order to inform future interventions.

A focus on postpartum depression among Jordanian mothers

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110001
Author(s):  
Esra’ O Taybeh
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Marital Conflict ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancies

Background: The magnitude of postpartum depression in Jordan is under documented, and little is known about its potential sociodemographic and clinical correlates. Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and risk factors associated with postpartum depression among Jordanian mothers in the first 18 months after delivery. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from April to June 2020 in Jordan. A web-based survey was used for recruiting eligible participants. An Arabic version of the validated self-administered Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale questionnaire was used to measure postpartum depression with a cut-off score of ⩾12 which indicates probable depression. Results: A total of 1,071 Jordanian women participated in the study. Of those, 567 women had postpartum depression (52.9%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that postpartum depression was significantly associated with marital conflict (OR: 4.91; 95% CI: 2.36–10.20), negative attitude from the pregnancy (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.45–0.99), unplanned pregnancies (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.16–2.60), lack of social support (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.12–3.32), time from last delivery (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98–1.00), insomnia (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.35–0.82), and depression during the pregnancy (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.33–0.78). Most of the participants (65.7%) sought social support to avoid, reduce, or treat postpartum depression. Conclusions: Postpartum depression among Jordanian women was the highest in comparison to that of women in other countries in the region. Therefore, screening for the presence of depressive symptoms should be implemented during regular pregnancy care visits. Social support should be encouraged in order to avoid, reduce, or treat postpartum depression.

Nutritional anaemia in children in post supplementation era: A cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Manoj Kumar Singh ◽  
Vineet Kumar Singh ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Sheo Pratap Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Female Children ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12

Background: Nutritional anemia is still the primary cause of anemia despite of various nutritional programmes in developing countries. Aims and Objective: The present study was planned to asses Iron, Folate, and Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia in developing countries. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Agra in collaboration with Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi. Admitted children of age 6 months to 14 years having signs and symptoms of anaemia were included in the study. Sample size calculated was 157. All the cases were subjected to CBC, GBP, serum iron, ferritin, folate and vitamin B12 level estimation. Results: Out of 672 children, 157 children with clinical feature of anaemia were enrolled in the study. Among these 157 children, 52.87% were male. Percent proportion of anaemia was highest among toddlers (27.39%) and lowest in adolescent (10.83%). The maximum cases were of urban area (65.6%) and middle socioeconomic status (47.13%). Most of the children were undernourished/underweight (60.4%). Mean iron level was significantly low in female children, children of rural areas, low socioeconomic status and malnutrition/underweight. Mixed iron, folate and B12 deficiency was found in 48.41%, 30.57% and 22.93% cases respectively. In 24.20% cases no deficiencies were found and were classified as anaemia due to some unspecified causes. Conclusion: Nutritional deficiency anaemia is contributing to a large proportion of anaemic patients. More intensified programmes are needed especially for female children, children of rural areas, low socioeconomic status and malnutrition/underweight.

scholarly journals Smoking in adults in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil: a population-based study

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 989-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Merly Martinelli ◽  
Creso Machado Lopes ◽  
Pascoal Torres Muniz ◽  
Orivado Florencio de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the associations between smoking and socioeconomic status, and to analyze the profile of smokers in the city of Rio Branco, Acre. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study conducted with 1,512 adults living in urban and rural areas. Information about demographic aspects, socioeconomic status and smoking habits were collected through home interviews. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of smoking was of 19.9%. Males had a higher prevalence (22.7%) in contrast to females (17.6%). By age, a higher prevalence was observed at 50 - 59 years in males (30.9%) and at 40 - 49 years in females (23.8%). A linear trend was observed between the higher prevalence of smoking and the lower amount of years of education and income (p < 0.05). The profile of smokers indicated that the majority, in both genders, began smoking at age 15, smoked between 1 and 10 cigarettes per day, lit the first cigarette of the day 60 minutes after waking up and had tried to quit smoking at least twice. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of smoking is a relevant public health problem in Rio Branco. Community actions must be implemented for the prevention and control of tobacco use.

Trends in inequalities in childhood stunting in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2016: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betregiorgis Zegeye ◽  
Gebretsadik Shibre ◽  
Dina Idriss-Wheeler ◽  
Sanni Yaya
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Uncertainty Interval ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Agenda 2030

Abstract Background The decrease in the magnitude of stunting over the past 20 years has been slow in Ethiopia. To date, in Ethiopia, the trends in and extent of inequality in stunting have not been investigated using methods suitably developed for disparity studies. This paper investigated both the extent and overtime dynamics of stunting inequality in Ethiopia over the last 17 years. Methods Using the World Health Organization’s Health Equity Assessment Toolkit software, data from the Ethiopia Demographic and Health surveys (EDHS) were analyzed between 2000 and 2016. The inequality analysis consisted of disaggregated rates of stunting using five equity stratifiers (economic status, education, residence, region and sex) and four summary measures (Difference, Population Attributable risk, Ratio and Absolute Concentration Index). A 95% uncertainty interval was constructed around point estimates to measure statistical significance. Results The study showed that both absolute and relative inequalities in stunting exist in all the studied years in Ethiopia. The inequality disfavors children of mothers who are poor, uneducated and living in rural areas and specific regions such as Amhara. The pro-rich (R = 1.2; 1.1, 1.3 in 2000 to R = 1.7; 1.4, 2 in 2016) and pro-educated (R = 1.6; 95%UI = 1.3, 1.9 in 2000 and R = 2.3; 95%UI = 1.5, 3 in 2011) inequalities slightly increased with time. Male children bear a disproportionately higher burden of stunting, and the disparity increased between the first and the last time points (PAR = −1.5 95%UI = −2.5, −0.6 in 2000 and PAR = −2.9 95%UI = −3.9, −1.9) based on complex measures but remained constant with simple measures (R = 1; 95%UI = 0.9, 1.1 in 2000 and R = 1.1 95%UI = 1, 1.2 in 2016). Similarly, both the sub-national regional and residence-related stunting disparities generally widened over time according to some of the inequality measures. Conclusions Stunting appeared to be highly prevalent among certain sub-groups (i.e. poor, uneducated and living in rural regions). The subpopulations experiencing excessively high stunting prevalence should be the focus of policy makers’ attention as they work to achieve the WHO 40% reduction in stunting target by 2025 and the UN Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development Goals.

scholarly journals Prevalence of depression and its association with parental neglect among adolescents at governmental high schools of Aksum town, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019: A cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enguday Tirfeneh ◽  
Mengesha Srah
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Neglect ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Abstract Background depression is one of the most serious and prevalent mental illnesses that can result in serious disability and ending life by committing suicide and homicide. The risks of having depression are substantially higher in persons who have parental neglect when compared to the general population.Objective To detect prevalence of depression and its association with parental neglect among adolescents in governmental high schools at Aksum town, Tigray, Ethiopia 2019Method A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1-30/2019 at Aksum town high schools. Public health questionnaire was used in this study to detect Depression. Study participants were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected with face to face interview. Data was analyzed using statistical package for social science version 22. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to see the association between depression and parental neglect. Adjusted Odds ratio at a p-value <0.05 with 95% confidence interval was taken to declare statistical significance of variables.

scholarly journals A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY: ASSESSMENT OF MATERNAL RISK FACTORS FOUND IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEONATES

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Nikulkumar Thakkar ◽  
Shalini Panday ◽  
Nomeeta Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction Birth weight is one of the important factors for the survival, normal growth and development of a child. LBW is associated with compromised growth, disabilities, hospitalizations, brain damage, and poorer language development, increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders in adult life. Maternal risk factor that may contribute to LBW include age, stature, socioeconomic status, multiple pregnancies, previous LBW infants and poor nutrition. Method: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in the postnatal care wards and NICU of Janta trust hospital, Patan. All live born babies born at Janta Hopsital with birth weight of less than 2.5kg during July 2019 to June 2020 were included after written consent from parents. The information regarding the study variables was record on predesigned, pretested questionnaire. Result: Out of 65 LBW babies, 46.2% were boys. Percentage of LBW babies was similar in second para and above (52.3%) as compared to primiparous mothers (47.7%). Eighteen babies (18, 27.7%) were born pre term. About 3.1% LBW babies had very low birth weight. The proportion of LBW babies was higher in 20-24 year age group (52.3%). Majority of mothers studied up to primary (84.8%). Total 63.1% had an antenatal registration with in the first trimester. Half of mothers (52.3%) visited adequately during antenatal period. Most common maternal factors found in LBW mothers were anemia (55.4%), PIH (12.0%) followed by UTI (7.7%) fever (6.2%) and APH (6.2%). Conclusion: Maternal factors like teenage pregnancy, illiteracy of the mothers, lower socioeconomic status, short birth spacing, lack of antenatal care were observed higher among low birth weight newborn. There is the need to strengthen the maternal services at community level.

Comparison of social support, depression and anger in diabetic and cardiac patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Farwa Sadiq ◽  
Umm E Rubab Kazmi
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cardiac Patients ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Interpersonal Support ◽  
Outpatient Departments ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Abstract Objective: The present study explores the role of social support, depression and anger among diabetic and cardiac patients. Method: This cross sectional study comprised of 200 patients who were selected through purposive sampling strategy from outpatient departments (Cardiology and Endocrinology) of Government hospitals of Lahore (Jinnah Hospital and Services Hospital) and Muridke (Tehsil Headquarter Hospital) from April 2015- September 2015. Cardiac patients were 101(Men=51, Women=50) and diabetic type II patients were 99 (Men= 50, Women= 49). Siddiqui-Shah Depression scale (SSDS), Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) and Trait Anger and Expression Scale (TAES) were administered on the patients. Result: The findings revealed that cardiac patients exhibit higher level of depression and receive more social support than diabetic patients. Furthermore, results reveal that low social support is a significant negative predictor of anger and depression among diabetic and cardiac patients. Conclusion: On the basis of findings, it is concluded that social support is a significant factor in the treatment of diabetes and cardiac diseases. This research is helpful for hospital administration in the counseling/management of such patients. Continuous...

scholarly journals Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and its association with overweight among young children from China

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2336-2346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Yu ◽  
Yun Chen ◽  
Ai Zhao ◽  
Ying Bai ◽  
Yingdong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjectiveTo fully understand the sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption status among Chinese young children and to explore its association with weight gain.DesignIn this cross-sectional study, data on sociodemographic characteristics, SSB intake and weight/height were collected by means of face-to-face interviews. The intake of SSB among young Chinese children in relation to their age, different characteristics and types of SSB consumed is described, and the association between SSB intake and BMI-for-age Z-score and overweight is explored.SettingSeven large cities and two villages in China.SubjectsNine hundred and forty-six healthy children, aged 3–7 years.ResultsThe proportion of SSB intake among Chinese young children was 80·5 %; 3·4 % were daily consumers, 34·0 % (31·4 %) consumed at least once per week (month). The per capita and per consumer SSB intake was 63·1 9 (sd 100·8) and 78·4 (sd 106·9) ml/d. Children from rural areas consumed twice, or even triple, the amount of SSB as those from urban areas (P<0·001) and great disparities existed between the types of SSB consumed by urban and rural children. An association was found between increased SSB intake and higher BMI-for-age Z-score (P<0·05) after adjusting for potential confounders; there was also an association between SSB intake and increased risk of being overweight or obese.ConclusionsThe consumption status of SSB in Chinese young children is of concern. There was a positive association between SSB intake and weight gain. Measures should be taken to improve the present situation of SSB consumption among Chinese young children.

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