Corncob as a Substrate for the Cultivation of Lentinula Edodes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailong Yu ◽  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Lujun Zhang ◽  
Qiaozhen Li ◽  
Chunyan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Mycelia Growth

Abstract Corncob is a major agricultural waste in the world. The study aims to evaluate the effect of using corncob as a substrate for Lentinula edodes cultivation, so as to provide an economic and eco-friendly approach to transform waste biomass into high quality edible mushrooms (whose original substrate - wood - is becoming difficult to obtain these days). 6 formulas containing gradient proportions of corncob and a sawdust control were applied (100 cultivation bed-log per group), and substrate chemical profile were monitored. Effects of formula on mycelia growth, yield, biological efficiency, and agronomic traits and nutritional profile of mushrooms were investigated. The formula composing of 50% corncob, 28% sawdust, 20% wheat bran, and 2% gypsum showed the best performance with the fastest mycelia growth, better log browning, the highest yield (722.08 g/log) and summit biological efficiency (80.23%). The determined carbon/nitrogen in this substrate was 66.84. Yields in groups using 18 ~ 58% corncob were significantly improved comparing to the sawdust control, indicating a strong boosting effects of corncob. Agronomic traits of fruit bodies, such as pileus and stipe sizes, were not much affected by tested formulas. However, addition of corncob had an influence on nutritional composition of mushrooms, the polysaccharide content in mushrooms peaked (4.51g/100g) when the substrate contains 40% corncob. These results revealed an excellent potential of corncob when used as a main substrate ingredient for L. edodes cultivation.

scholarly journals Effect of different agro-wastes, casing materials and supplements on the growth, yield and nutrition of milky mushroom (Calocybe indica)

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Hasan Sardar ◽  
Muhammad Akbar Anjum ◽  
Aamir Nawaz ◽  
Safina Naz ◽  
Shaghef Ejaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Peat Moss

AbstractAgricultural waste disposal is one of the main concerns in today's world that can cause environmental pollution. Utilisation of agro-waste materials to grow mushrooms is an eco-friendly method to reduce pollution. Therefore, various agricultural waste materials, such as wheat straw, rice straw and cotton waste, were utilised for the production of milky mushroom. Among the substrates used in this study wheat straw showed superior substrate for the production of milky mushroom. The agronomic traits studied such as total yield, number of fruiting bodies, the maximum diameter of pileus and stalk length, biological efficiency, protein contents, phosphorous and potassium contents were observed on wheat straw substrate. Peat moss, loam soil and spent mushroom substrate were used as casing materials. Among the casing materials used, the highest yield and biological efficiency were observed on peat moss. The results also indicated that the addition of supplements with the substrate improved yield and yield contributing characteristics. Among the tested supplements (wheat bran and rice bran), wheat bran was the best supplement for wheat straw substrate to cultivate milky white mushroom.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis of agricultural waste biomass towards production of gas fuel and high-quality char: Experimental and numerical investigations

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 120611
Author(s):  
Agata Mlonka-Mędrala ◽  
Panagiotis Evangelopoulos ◽  
Małgorzata Sieradzka ◽  
Monika Zajemska ◽  
Aneta Magdziarz
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Numerical Investigations ◽  
Gas Fuel

scholarly journals Forage Potential of Cereal/Legume Intercrops: Agronomic Performances, Yield, Quality Forage and LER in Two Harvesting Times in a Mediterranean Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Monica Bacchi ◽  
Michele Monti ◽  
Antonio Calvi ◽  
Emilio Lo Presti ◽  
Antonio Pellicanò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Green Fodder

The crop yield and quality of seven annual forages (four grasses and three legumes) in sole crop and in mixtures (ratio 50:50) for oat (Avena sativa L.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) were evaluated in a two-year field experiment adopting two harvesting times, green fodder and silage. The main bio-agronomic traits, dry matter forage yield (DMY) and quantity of crude protein (CP) were determined in both sole crop and intercrop. The land equivalent ratio (LER) was used for evaluating biological efficiency and competitive ability of the intercrops. Our results showed that the total calculated LER for fodder and protein yields was always greater than one and corresponded to crop yield advantages of 16.0% and 11.5%, respectively. Our data also highlighted the low competitive ability of the ryegrass in intercrop, which achieved the lowest yield among all the mixtures. Conversely, the same grass showed the best green fodder quality, due to the high incidence of the legume, equal (on average) to 46%. Triticale and barley, harvested for silage (hard dough stage), provided the best quantitative and qualitative results both in sole crop and intercropped with common vetch and pea, determined mainly by the cereal grain.

Purification of dye-contaminated ethanol-water mixture using magnetic cellulose powders derived from agricultural waste biomass

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 117690
Author(s):  
Sijie Zhou ◽  
Liangjun Xia ◽  
Zhuan Fu ◽  
Chunhua Zhang ◽  
Xiangyu Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Waste Biomass

scholarly journals Nutritional profile of ultra-processed foods advertised in small food retailers

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Borges ◽  
C Kikuta ◽  
P C Jaime
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Background It is necessary to analyze the nutritional profile and advertising claims of ultra-processed foods available in small food retailers. Methods This is an observational cross-sectional study that carried out an audit on small food businesses. Information was collected on advertising, price, ingredient list, nutritional composition and portion size. All investigated foods were grouped according to the NOVA food classification. Food advertising was categorized into 11 different consumer appeals. The relationship between the type of advertising appeal of the ultra-processed food and its nutritional profile was analyzed. A comparison was made between the nutritional composition of the advertised food and the recommendations of sugar, saturated fat and sodium of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Results The most prevalent ultra-processed foods in small retailers were sweets and treats (18.5%); sugary sweetened beverages (15.7%), sausages (12.0%) and baked goods (11.1%). Most of the advertising on the packaging of ultra-processed foods was about healthy eating and physical activity and sensory aspects of the product (color, flavor, texture). Foods classified as high in sugars had the highest number of advertisements related to healthy eating and physical activity, foods high in sugar and saturated fats, had the highest number of advertisements related to sensory aspects, healthy eating and physical activity and foods high in sodium and / or saturated fats, had more advertising related to convenience. Conclusions Identifying that advertising for ultra-processed foods is associated with health and well-being, physical activity and sensory aspects leads us to a better understanding of the factors that influence consumer perception in small businesses. Advertising for foods rich in sugar, saturated fat and sodium based on health and well-being should be better regulated by public agencies in Brazil, supporting consumers to make healthier choices. Key messages Ultra-processed foods induce to consume large quantities, due to the convenience and the advertising present in their packaging that stimulate a healthy life, physical activity and sensory aspects. It is necessary support and defend changes in nutrition labeling, in order to clarify the nutritional information to consumers.

scholarly journals Conversion of Waste Agriculture Biomass to Bioethanol by Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-361
Author(s):  
A. A. Saleh ◽  
S. Hamdan ◽  
N. Annaluru ◽  
S. Watanabe ◽  
M. R. Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Protein Engineering ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Xylitol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Ethanol Conversion ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Coenzyme Specificity ◽  
Recombinant Yeasts

Agricultural waste biomass has already been transferred to bioethanol and used as energy related products, although many issues such as efficiency and productivity still to be overcome. In this study, the protein engineering was applied to generate enzymes with completely reversed coenzyme specificity and developed recombinant yeasts containing those engineered enzymes for construction of an efficient biomass-ethanol conversion system. Recombinant yeasts were constructed with the genes encoding a wild type xylose reductase (XR) and the protein engineered xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) (with NADP) of Pichia stipitis.  These recombinant yeasts were characterized based on the enzyme activity and fermentation ability of xylose to ethanol. The protein engineered enzymes were expressed significantly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as judged by the enzyme activity in vitro. Ethanol fermentation was measured in batch culture under anaerobic conditions. The significant enhancement was found in Y-ARS strain, in which NADP+-dependent XDH was expressed; 85% decrease of unfavorable xylitol excretion with 26% increased ethanol production, when compared with the reference strain expressing the wild-type XDH.  Keywords: Agricultural waste biomass; Protein engineering; Xylitol dehydrogenase; Xylose-fermentation; Eethanol production. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.2882               J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 351-361 (2010) 

scholarly journals Continuous Fixed-Bed Column Studies on Congo Red Dye Adsorption-Desorption Using Free and Immobilized Nelumbo nucifera Leaf Adsorbent

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Vairavel Parimelazhagan ◽  
Gautham Jeppu ◽  
Nakul Rampal
Keyword(s):  
Congo Red ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Fixed Bed Column

The adsorption of Congo red (CR), an azo dye, from aqueous solution using free and immobilized agricultural waste biomass of Nelumbo nucifera (lotus) has been studied separately in a continuous fixed-bed column operation. The N. nucifera leaf powder adsorbent was immobilized in various polymeric matrices and the maximum decolorization efficiency (83.64%) of CR occurred using the polymeric matrix sodium silicate. The maximum efficacy (72.87%) of CR dye desorption was obtained using the solvent methanol. Reusability studies of free and immobilized adsorbents for the decolorization of CR dye were carried out separately in three runs in continuous mode. The % color removal and equilibrium dye uptake of the regenerated free and immobilized adsorbents decreased significantly after the first cycle. The decolorization efficiencies of CR dye adsorption were 53.66% and 43.33%; equilibrium dye uptakes were 1.179 mg g–1 and 0.783 mg g–1 in the third run of operation with free and immobilized adsorbent, respectively. The column experimental data fit very well to the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models for the free and immobilized adsorbent with coefficients of correlation R2 ≥ 0.976 in various runs. The study concludes that free and immobilized N. nucifera can be efficiently used for the removal of CR from synthetic and industrial wastewater in a continuous flow mode. It makes a substantial contribution to the development of new biomass materials for monitoring and remediation of toxic dye-contaminated water resources.

scholarly journals Effect of Cow Urine Enriched Agricultural Waste on Growth, Yield and Uptake by Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 203-211
Author(s):  
B. G. Chaudhari ◽  
S. K. Shah ◽  
J. M. Patel ◽  
K. V. Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Cow Urine
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