scholarly journals Current Status on Training and Education on Public and Healthcare Workers towards Tuberculosis Elimination: Case in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taeuk Kang ◽  
Seungkyu Park ◽  
Sungweon Ryoo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Control And Prevention

Abstract Tuberculosis, despite global effort to eliminate tuberculosis, still remains as a high burden to global public health. For tuberculosis elimination to be achieved, trainings and educations play pivotal role, tuberculosis control and prevention in particular. Internationally, several organizations are in charge of tuberculosis training and education program design, especially in its preparation and dissemination. In case of Korea, TB prevalence remains high, 59.0 per 100,000 in 2019. To overcome TB, institutes from both governmental and public sectors are organizing and providing tuberculosis-related training and education programs however, only few investigations on tuberculosis training in Korea was carried out, indicating difficulty lies in understanding and analyzing current TB training and education landscape. Hence, in this study, we have reviewed each institute and their roles in terms TB training and educational aspects as well as current tuberculosis status and strategies employed in Korea. Also, there are limitation lies in tuberculosis training and education thus, the call for global cooperation is necessary to response regional consideration against tuberculosis.

Public health preparedness and response competency model methodology

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ablah, PhD, MPH ◽  
Elizabeth McGean Weist, MA, MPH, CPH ◽  
John E. McElligott, MPH, CPH ◽  
Laura A. Biesiadecki, MSPH, CPH ◽  
Audrey R. Gotsch, DrPH, MCHES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Core Competency ◽  
Competency Model ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Public Health Workforce ◽  
Public Health Preparedness ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
The Public ◽  
Competency Models ◽  
Control And Prevention

Objective: The Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act calls for establishing a competency-based training program to train public health practitioners. To inform such training, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Association of Schools of Public Health managed groups of experts to produce a competency model which could function as a national standard of behaviorally based, observable skills for the public health workforce to prevent, protect against, respond to, and recover from all hazards.Design: A systematic review of existing competency models generated a competency model of proposed domains and competencies.Participants: National stakeholders were engaged to obtain consensus through a three-stage Delphi-like process.Results: The Delphi-like process achieved 84 percent, 82 percent, and 79 percent response rates in its three stages. Three hundred sixty six unique individuals responded to the three-round process, with 45 percent (n = 166) responding to all three rounds. The resulting competency model features 18 competencies within four core learning domains targeted at midlevel public health workers.Conclusions: Practitioners and academics have adopted the Public Health Preparedness and Response Core Competency Model, some of whom have formed workgroups to develop curricula based on the model. Efforts will be needed to develop evaluation materials for training and education programs to refine the model as well as for future training and education initiatives.

scholarly journals Burnout and Peritraumatic Distress of Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeonhhon Jang ◽  
Myoungsoon You ◽  
Heeyoung Lee ◽  
Minjung lee ◽  
Yeji Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Peritraumatic Distress

Abstract Background To evaluate the current status of emotional exhaustion and peritraumatic distress of healthcare workers (HCWs) in the COVID-19 pandemic, and identify factors associated with their mental health status. Methods An online survey involving 1,068 HCWs that included nurses, physicians, and public health officers was conducted. Descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analyses were performed on the collected data. Results Although no significant difference in peritraumatic distress was observed among the surveyed HCWs, the workers’ experience of emotional exhaustion varied according to work characteristics. Respondents who were female, older, living with a spouse, and/or full-time workers reported higher levels of emotional exhaustion. Public health officers and other medical personnel who did not have direct contact with confirmed patients and full-time workers had a higher level of peritraumatic distress. Forced involvement in work related to COVID-19, worry about stigma, worry about becoming infected, and perceived sufficiency of organizational support negatively predict emotional exhaustion and peritraumatic distress. Conclusions Job-related and emotional stress of HCWs should not be neglected. Evidence-based interventions and supports are required to protect HCWs from mental illness and to promote mental health of those involved in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Vectors and vector-borne diseases in Qatar: current status, key challenges and future prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
F. Schaffner ◽  
D. Bansal ◽  
K. Mardini ◽  
S.A. Al-Marri ◽  
M.H.J. Al-Thani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Vector Borne

Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) have re-emerged worldwide due to urbanisation, increase in travel and climate change, becoming a major and serious threat to global public health. In Qatar, the concern has recently risen because of the attribution of the soccer 2022 FIFA World Cup Qatar™, which necessitates fulfilling requirements in terms of prevention and preparedness for disease transmission, including VBDs. This review presents a general overview about current status of vectors and VBDs in Qatar and addresses key challenges and future prospects of control programmes and strategies. It is based on a vector control situation analysis and needs assessment performed during an expert mission in Qatar, November 2017, organised by the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office and achieved in collaboration with the Ministry of Public Health of Qatar and other local stakeholders. The situation of vectors and VBDs of public health importance in Qatar was analysed based on a systematic literature review by December 31, 2019. The literature reveals that no locally transmitted VBD cases have been recorded in Qatar, but cases were recorded among expatriate workers and travellers who returned from an endemic country. However, data on VBD cases remain scarce except for malaria. The presence of native arthropod vectors is under-recorded to date. A compilation of literature data revealed reports of 30 vector species, including 20 mosquitoes, 2 fleas, 1 louse, 1 fly, and 6 ticks. Overall, Qatar benefits currently from a good surveillance of some VBDs (malaria) and has some capacities in vector control, but no national plan exists, and vector surveillance is in its infancy. In Qatar, clear needs exist in capacity in epidemiology and vector entomology, as well as on the organisational level, and a number of measures are suggested to mitigate and improve VBD risk assessment and management. There is an urgent need to define sustainable solutions for VBD control, management and prevention, and a number of recommendations are suggested.

scholarly journals Assessment of serological techniques for screening patients for COVID-19 (COVID-SER): a prospective, multicentric study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e041268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Trouillet-Assant ◽  
Chloe Albert Vega ◽  
Antonin Bal ◽  
Julie Anne Nazare ◽  
Pascal Fascia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Multicentric Study ◽  
National Review ◽  
Set Up

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 threatens global public health, and there is an urgent public health need to assess acquired immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Serological tests might provide results that can be complementary to or confirm suspected COVID-19 cases and reveal previous infection. The performance of serological assays (sensitivity and specificity) has to be evaluated before their use in the general population. The neutralisation capacity of the produced antibodies also has to be evaluated.Methods and analysisWe set up a prospective, multicentric clinical study to evaluate the performance of serological kits among a population of healthcare workers presenting mild symptoms suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Four hundred symptomatic healthcare workers will be included in the COVID-SER study. The values obtained from a control cohort included during the prepandemic time will be used as reference. A workflow was set up to study serological response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and to evaluate antibody neutralisation capacity in patients with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The sensitivity and specificity of the tests will be assessed using molecular detection of the virus as a reference. The measurement of IgM and IgG antibodies will be performed once per week for 6 consecutive weeks and then at 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months after the diagnosis. The kinetics of IgM and IgG will determine the optimal period to perform serological testing. The proportion of false negative PCR tests in symptomatic subjects will be determined on the basis of subsequent seroconversions.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the national review board for biomedical research in April 2020 (Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud Méditerranée I, Marseille, France) (ID RCB 2020-A00932-37). Results will be disseminated through presentations at scientific meetings and publications in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04341142.

scholarly journals 10 Guiding Principles of a Comprehensive Internet-Based Public Health Preparedness Training and Education Program

2010 ◽  
Vol 125 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine K. Alexander ◽  
Jennifer A. Horney ◽  
Milissa Markiewicz ◽  
Pia D.M. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Public Health Preparedness ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Guiding Principles

scholarly journals Asymptomatic Transmission During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic and Implications for Public Health Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2752-2756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanalise V Huff ◽  
Avantika Singh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Public Health Strategies

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly in a few months despite global public health strategies to curb transmission by testing symptomatic patients and social distancing. This review summarizes evidence that highlights transmission by asymptomatic and presymptomatic individuals. Viral load of asymptomatic and symptomatic cases is comparable. Viral shedding is highest before symptom onset, suggesting high transmissibility before symptoms. Within universally tested subgroups, high percentages of SARS-CoV-2 infected asymptomatic individuals were found. Asymptomatic transmission was reported in several clusters, including a Wuhan study showing an alarming rate of intrahospital transmission. Several countries reported higher prevalence among healthcare workers than general population raising concern that healthcare workers could act as silent vectors. Therefore, current strategies that rely solely on “symptom onset” for infection identification need urgent reassessment. Extensive universal testing irrespective of symptoms may be considered, with priority placed on groups with high frequency exposure to positive patients.

scholarly journals The Emergence of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (TB): TB/HIV Coinfection, Multidrug-Resistant TB and the Resulting Public Health Threat from Extensively Drug-Resistant TB, Globally and in Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E Alexander ◽  
Prithwish De
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Public Health Threat

Resistance to anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs continues to present a major challenge to global public health. Resistance usually develops due to inadequate TB management, including improper use of medications, improper treatment regimens and failure to complete the treatment course. This may be due to an erratic supply or a lack of access to treatment, as well as to patient noncompliance. However, the emergence and transmission of drug-resistant TB, including the recently detected extensively drug resistant TB (XDR-TB), is driven, in part, by the synergistic relationship between TB and HIV (TB/HIV coinfection). There is evidence that persons infected with HIV are more likely to experience XDR-TB. XDR-TB is virtually untreatable with available TB medications. XDR-TB presents a grave global public health threat, particularly in high HIV prevalence settings. The present commentary discusses the current status of XDR-TB and draws attention to the urgency in addressing this problem, for both the global and Canadian public health networks. XDR-TB and the apparent XDR-TB and HIV association warrants further study.

Malaria: global challenges for malaria eradication

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Brown ◽  
Stephen Rogerson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Free World ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Malaria Eradication ◽  
Political Commitments

The enormous decline in the annual morbidity and mortality from malaria is the spectacular global public health success of the past decade. This achievement results largely from increased finance for investment in measures known to prevent malaria: bednets treated with long-lasting insecticides, chemoprophylaxis, and rapid access to effective treatment. Such has been the success of these measures that plans are being put in place to achieve the vision of a malaria-free world within the next three decades. Large financial and political commitments and ongoing research will be required to maintain the gains, overcome known and unknown challenges such as drug and insecticide resistance, and to achieve those goals. Effective vaccines or methods for reducing mosquito vectorial capacity would add enormously to the chance of achieving this goal. The aim of this article is to summarise the current status of malaria control, the recent research successes, the challenges being addressed, and the plan for progress to elimination of malaria in the longer term.

Healthcare workers novel coronavirus (nCOVID 19) life-threatening situation during the pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1222-1225
Author(s):  
Shweta Dadarao Parwe ◽  
Avinash Sukhdeorao Ingle ◽  
Milind Abhimanyu Nisargandha ◽  
Bharat Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Threatening Situation

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are the professional workers directly acquired infection during this coronavirus outbreak. Coronavirus potentially severe acute respiratory infection caused by nCOVID-19 has been declared by pandemic on 11th March 2020 by Word health organisation (WHO). The previous study has reported high susceptibility of respiratory infection in the HCWs. The HCWs are at increased risk for severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. The spread of coronavirus became global public health event, threatening physical and Mental Health of HCWs. This study reviews the possible risk factors for being infected HCWs and avoid transmission of infection at the workplace. Spreading the coronavirus day by day is the life-threatening condition for Health care workers during a pandemic. The community should understand the HCW’s increased responsibility during this public health emergency and must provide the necessary social support as well. There should be enough protective and preventive measures for avoiding transmission in HCWs. Apart from heavy duties HCWs while using PPEs they also have physical and mental exhaustion along with the fear produced out of risk-specific exposures. 

scholarly journals Burnout Among Healthcare Workers in the COVID 19 Era: A Review of the Existing Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Giacomo Leo ◽  
Saverio Sabina ◽  
Maria Rosaria Tumolo ◽  
Antonella Bodini ◽  
Giuseppe Ponzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Balanced Diet

In the current period of global public health crisis due to the COVID-19, healthcare workers are more exposed to physical and mental exhaustion – burnout – for the torment of difficult decisions, the pain of losing patients and colleagues, and the risk of infection, for themselves and their families. The very high number of cases and deaths, and the probable future “waves” raise awareness of these challenging working conditions and the need to address burnout by identifying possible solutions. Measures have been suggested to prevent or reduce burnout at individual level (physical activity, balanced diet, good sleep hygiene, family support, meaningful relationships, reflective practices and small group discussions), organizational level (blame-free environments for sharing experiences and advices, broad involvement in management decisions, multi-disciplinary psychosocial support teams, safe areas to withdraw quickly from stressful situations, adequate time planning, social support), and cultural level (involvement of healthcare workers in the development, implementation, testing, and evaluation of measures against burnout). Although some progress has been made in removing the barrier to psychological support to cope with work-related stress, a cultural change is still needed for the stigma associated with mental illness. The key recommendation is to address the challenges that the emergency poses and to aggregate health, well-being and behavioral science expertise through long term researches with rigorous planning and reporting to drive the necessary cultural change and the improvement of public health systems.

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