scholarly journals Dependable Algorithm for Visualizing Snoring Duration Through Acoustic Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsueh-Hsin Kao ◽  
Yen-Chang Lin ◽  
Yee-Hsin Kao ◽  
Chih-Wen Lin ◽  
Madan Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Fixed Frequency ◽  
Night Sleep ◽  
High Reproducibility ◽  
Sleep Period ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Digital Recorder ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Audio Files

Abstract Background: Snoring is a nuisance for the bed partners of people who snore and is also associated with chronic diseases. Estimating the snoring duration from a whole-night-sleep period is challenging. We present a dependable algorithm for visualizing snoring durations through acoustic analysis.Method: Both instruments (Sony digital recorder and smartphone’s SnoreClock app) were placed within 30 cm from the examinee’s head during the sleep period. Subsequently, spectrograms were plotted based on audio files recorded from Sony recorders. We developed an algorithm to validate snoring durations through visualization of typical snoring segments.Results: In total, 37 snoring recordings obtained from six individuals were analyzed. The mean age of the participants was 44.6 ± 9.9 years. A 3-s segment demonstrated the typical dominant frequency bands and amplitude waves of two snores. Every recorded file was tailored to a regular 600-s segment and plotted. Visualization revealed that the typical features of the clustered snores in the amplitude domains were near-isometric spikes (most had an ascending–descending trend). The recorded snores exhibited one or more visibly fixed frequency bands. Intervals were noted between the snoring clusters and were incorporated into the whole-night snoring calculation. The correlative coefficients of snoring rates of digitally recorded files examined by Examiners A and B were higher (0.865, p < 0.001) than those with SnoreClock app (0.757, p < 0.001; 0.787, p < 0.001, respectively).Conclusion: A dependable algorithm with high reproducibility was developed for visualizing snoring durations.

scholarly journals Dependable Algorithm for Visualizing Snoring Duration through Acoustic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsueh-Hsin Kao ◽  
Yen-Chang Lin ◽  
Yee-Hsin Kao ◽  
Madan Ho ◽  
Hsiao-Chen Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Fixed Frequency ◽  
High Reproducibility ◽  
Sleep Period ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Digital Recorder ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Audio Files

Background: Snoring is a nuisance for the bed partners of people who snore and is also associated with chronic diseases. Estimating the snoring duration from a whole-night-sleep period is challenging. The authors present a dependable algorithm for visualizing snoring durations through acoustic analysis. Method: Both instruments (Sony digital recorder and smartphone’s SnoreClock app) were placed within 30 cm from the examinee’s head during the sleep period. Subsequently, spectrograms were plotted based on audio files recorded from Sony recorders. The authors developed an algorithm to validate snoring durations through visualization of typical snoring segments. Results: In total, 37 snoring recordings obtained from six individuals were analyzed. The mean age of the participants was 44.6 ± 9.9 years. A 3-s segment demonstrated the typical dominant frequency bands and amplitude waves of two snores. Every recorded file was tailored to a regular 600-s segment and plotted. Visualization revealed that the typical features of the clustered snores in the amplitude domains were near-isometric spikes (most had an ascending–descending trend). The recorded snores exhibited one or more visibly fixed frequency bands. Intervals were noted between the snoring clusters and were incorporated into the whole-night snoring calculation. The correlative coefficients of snoring rates of digitally recorded files examined by Examiners A and B were higher (0.865, p < 0.001) than those with SnoreClock app (0.757, p < 0.001; 0.787, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: A dependable algorithm with high reproducibility was developed for visualizing snoring durations.

The dominant frequency analysis of interfacial wave in wet-gas pipeline transportation based on NIR absorption

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zhiyue Zhao ◽  
Ning Zhao ◽  
Lide Fang ◽  
Xiaoting Li
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Film ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Interfacial Wave ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Wet Gas ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Predictive Correlation

During the long-distance transportation of wet-gas, the dominant frequency is of great significance for the study of pipeline fatigue and damage, and the safety production. Therefore, the theoretical and experimental researches for dominant frequency are carried out increasingly. However, most of the current prediction correlation of dominant frequency are mainly applicable to atmospheric pressure conditions (0.1 MPa), and the prediction accuracy is not accurate enough. The paper obtains the time series signal of liquid film thickness by near-infrared (NIR) sensor, and then calculates the wave frequency by the power spectrum density (PSD). The performance of typical predictive correlation is evaluated and analyzed by utilizing the experimental data at different flow and pressure conditions (0.1–0.8) MPa. The structure of Strouhal number and Lockhart-Martinelli (L-M) parameter are optimized reasonably, the mean velocity of the liquid film surface, the density increment of gas core, the gas core mass flow and average liquid film velocity are considered in the L-M parameter, a modified interfacial wave frequency correlation is proposed. The results indicate that the mean absolute error of the predictive correlation is 9.06% (current data) and 25.64% (literature data). The new correlation has a better predictive accuracy.

Third time’s a charm: reviewing the advertisement call of Gabohyla pauloalvini (Anura: Hylidae: Scinaxinae), an endemic species from Brazil’ Atlantic Forest

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5032 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-441
Author(s):  
LUIZ FERNANDO CARMO ◽  
JULIANA ALVES ◽  
IURI R. DIAS ◽  
MIRCO SOLÉ ◽  
CAIO V. DE MIRA-MENDES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Natural History Studies ◽  
Disjunct Populations ◽  
Audio Files ◽  
Scientific Collections ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Distribution

The Neotropical tribe Sphaenorhynchini is composed of 15 recognized species commonly named as “lime treefrogs”. Gabohyla pauloalvini occurs in Atlantic Forest lowlands through the states of Bahia and Espírito Santo, Brazil. Based on field observation, literature review, and evaluation of audio files, we conclude that previous bioacoustic descriptions were erroneously assigned to G. pauloalvini. Here, we describe for the first time the advertisement call of G. pauloalvini from two disjunct populations. In addition, we provide new distribution records and an updated map for this species. The advertisement call of G. pauloalvini is composed of 1–5 closely spaced notes, with duration of 0.016–1.976 s, inter-note intervals of 0.340–1.25 s, and an average dominant frequency (= fundamental frequency) of 4966.0 Hz. Harmonics are visible in the spectrogram. Three new populations of G. pauloalvini have been recorded and extended the distribution by 60 km south. Nevertheless, G. pauloalvini is still known only from few localities. We highlight the importance of depositing audio recordings and specimens in scientific collections to promote systematics and natural history studies.  

Abstract 17230: Early Continuous EEG Biomarkers Predicts Neurologic Outcome in Post-cardiac Arrest Rats

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joosuk Oh ◽  
Tulasi Jinka ◽  
Xiaodan Ren ◽  
William C Stacey ◽  
Robert W Neumar
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Neurologic Outcome ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Function Score ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Continuous Eeg ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neurologic Function

Introduction: Hypothermic targeted temperature management (TTM) has greatly improved post-cardiac arrest patient outcomes, but also makes prognostication more difficult. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that early continuous EEG biomarkers are associated with neurologic outcome in post-cardiac arrest rats treated with normothermic and hypothermic TTM. Methods: Male rats were instrumented for continuous telemetric EEG (cEEG) recording and then subjected to 8-minute asphyxia cardiac arrest. Eight rats that achieved ROSC underwent either normothermic or hypothermic TTM (37 ± 0.5 °C or 33 ± 0.5 °C) for 24 hours and cEEG monitoring up to 72 hours. Quantitative EEG analysis determined the power density of delta (0.1-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz) and sigma (13-18 Hz) frequency bands in all 10 second windows. The mean spectral power and Spearman correlation with time for the first 12 hours after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) were calculated and correlated with best neurologic function score (NFS) and survival with good NFS (NFS ≥ 450 out of 500). Results: Over all rats tested, the mean delta band power in the first 12 hours after ROSC was inversely correlated with best neurologic function score and associated with poor outcome (Table and Figure). There was no statistical difference in other frequency bands. Similar findings were present when stratifying into normothermic and hypothermic treatment groups. Conclusions: This study suggests that, the early power density of delta frequency bands from cEEG is a potential predictor of neurologic outcome in a mixed population of rats treated with normothermic and hypothermic TTM.

scholarly journals An Experimental Investigation of Moisture-Induced Softening Mechanism of Marble Based on Quantitative Analysis of Acoustic Emission Waveforms

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
Huang Yiming ◽  
Deng Jianhui ◽  
Zhu Jun
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Uniaxial Compression Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Softening Mechanism ◽  
Final Failure ◽  
Shear Failures ◽  
Microcosmic Mechanism ◽  
Ae Signals

The decrease of strength after saturation of rocks is known as moisture-induced softening. To date, there are numerous studies on the mechanism of moisture-induced softening of different rocks. However, due to a lack of effective observational methods, the microcosmic mechanism of moisture-induced softening still needs to be understood. We collected and processed acoustic emission (AE) signals during the uniaxial compression test of marble specimens. The results of spectral and statistical analysis show that two dominant frequency bands of AE waveforms exist regardless of the specimen’s water content. Additionally, for the AE signals from the saturated specimens, the ranges of the low and high frequency bands are wider than dried rock samples. Besides, since the tensile and shear failures in the rock release low and high dominant frequency AE signals, respectively, the test results of this paper show that micro-shear and micro-tensile failures dominate the final failure of dried and saturated rocks, respectively.

Phase Averaging by Wavelet Transformation and the Application to Periodically Fluctuated Separation Flow

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Yamagishi ◽  
Tomoko Togano ◽  
Shinichi Tashiro
Keyword(s):  
Shear Layer ◽  
Wavelet Transformation ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Separation Flow ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Field Phase ◽  
Phase Averaging ◽  
Separated Shear Layer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All

The vortex structures in a separated region are generated by the motion of the separated shear layer caused by the introduction of periodic fluctuation. The main cause of the motion of the separated shear layer is the external fluctuation with the characteristic frequency. In order to investigate the principal motion of the velocity field, phase averaging was conducted to the velocity signals obtained by single hot-wire measurement. In phase averaging, wavelet analysis was applied to obtain the dominant frequency and the characteristic phase in the fluctuation. The profiles and the contours of the phase-averaged velocity could be found and discussed. The profiles vary dynamically at each phase and show the periodic motion of the shear layer. The separated shear layer flutters with the external fluctuation in the mean flow. If the suitable frequency is selected in the external fluctuation, the separated region disappears in almost all each phases owing to the depression of the shear layer near the wall.

scholarly journals Intonational Patterns of Nonverbal Vocalizations in People With Dementia

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Samuelsson ◽  
Lars C. Hydén
Keyword(s):  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Pitch Range ◽  
Interactional Pattern ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Nonverbal Vocalizations ◽  
The Mean

Nonverbal vocalizations in dementia are important clinically since they generally have been regarded as disruptive behavior that is disturbing. The aim of the present study is to describe the interactional pattern, including the prosodic package, of nonverbal vocalizations in a participant in a late stage of dementia. The acoustic analysis shows that the vocalizations do not differ significantly from the verbal utterances regarding mean fundamental frequency or pitch range. The mean fundamental frequency, F0, of the utterances from Anna was significantly higher than the mean F0 from the other elderly participants. The analysis demonstrates that there is a singing-like type of vocalizations that does not resemble the previously described patterns of nonverbal vocalizations. This pattern of the nonverbal vocalization does not resemble the intonation of Anna’s verbal utterances. The other participants perceive Anna’s vocalizations as potentially meaningful turns. Nonverbal vocalizations in clinical settings should be taken as communicative contributions.

Twenty-four-hour melatonin and core body temperature rhythms: their adaptation in night workers

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (3) ◽  
pp. R948-R954 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Weibel ◽  
K. Spiegel ◽  
C. Gronfier ◽  
M. Follenius ◽  
G. Brandenberger
Keyword(s):  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Large Decrease ◽  
Night Sleep ◽  
Sleep Period ◽  
Biphasic Pattern ◽  
Active Schedule ◽  
Temperature Rhythms ◽  
Core Body

To determine whether the melatonin (MT) rhythm is adapted to a permanent nocturnal schedule, 11 night workers were studied during their usual 24-h cycle, and 8 day-active subjects during two 24-h cycles, once with night sleep and once after an acute shift of their sleep period to daytime. Rectal temperature (Tre) was continuously recorded. In day-active subjects, the MT rhythm was not affected by the acute shift in the sleep period, whereas the Tre rhythm was split in a biphasic pattern with the circadian descending phase during the night of sleep deprivation and a second descending trend during day sleep. Night workers showed a great variability in their MT profiles, with the onset of the MT release varying between 2145 and 0505. In contrast, the Tre rhythm was homogeneously entrained to their usual sleep-wake cycle, with the onset of the descending trend initiated before sleep onset so that the large decrease was found, in some subjects, to be uncoupled with their MT increase. The night-active schedule did not induce any amplitude modification of the Tre and the rhythms compared with day-active subjects sleeping at night. No relationship between work-dependent factors and the extent of the MT shift could be found. These results show the great variability in the timing of MT secretion among night workers, in contrast to the homogeneity of their Tre rhythm. The exact mechanisms by which night workers adapt their circadian systems have not yet been identified.

scholarly journals A Flexible Analysis Tool for the Quantitative Acoustic Assessment of Infant Cry

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1416-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Reggiannini ◽  
Stephen J. Sheinkopf ◽  
Harvey F. Silverman ◽  
Xiaoxue Li ◽  
Barry M. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Infant Cry ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
Audio Files

Purpose In this article, the authors describe and validate the performance of a modern acoustic analyzer specifically designed for infant cry analysis. Method Utilizing known algorithms, the authors developed a method to extract acoustic parameters describing infant cries from standard digital audio files. They used a frame rate of 25 ms with a frame advance of 12.5 ms. Cepstral-based acoustic analysis proceeded in 2 phases, computing frame-level data and then organizing and summarizing this information within cry utterances. Using signal detection methods, the authors evaluated the accuracy of the automated system to determine voicing and to detect fundamental frequency (F 0 ) as compared to voiced segments and pitch periods manually coded from spectrogram displays. Results The system detected F 0 with 88% to 95% accuracy, depending on tolerances set at 10 to 20 Hz. Receiver operating characteristic analyses demonstrated very high accuracy at detecting voicing characteristics in the cry samples. Conclusions This article describes an automated infant cry analyzer with high accuracy to detect important acoustic features of cry. A unique and important aspect of this work is the rigorous testing of the system's accuracy as compared to ground-truth manual coding. The resulting system has implications for basic and applied research on infant cry development.

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