scholarly journals Oxygen saturation changes in relation to the use of gloves: an uncontrolled before and after intervention study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Nieto Pérez ◽  
María Martínez Gascón ◽  
Marina Guisado-Clavero ◽  
Sara Ares-Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background: Nurses have had an essential role in health promotion (hand washing, social distance and wearing a mask) during COVID-19 pandemic. However, some patients wear gloves, which is a possible barrier to proper examination. The aim of this study was to determine the difference in oxygen saturation measurement with or without the use of powder-free nitrile gloves.Methods: A prospective quasi-experimental before and after study was conducted in a primary care practice (PCP) from Madrid. Intervention consisted in measuring oxygen saturation (SpO2) for each participant covering a finger with a powder-free nitrile glove and a posterior measure without glove. Data collection was obtained from June to July 2020 with patients of the PCP. Variables included were demographic data (age and sex), respiratory medical history and suspicion of COVID-19. Descriptive statistics were expressed as frequencies or means with its standard deviation (SD). Effect of gloves was obtained performing Student’s t-test and agreement was determined by Bland-Altman analysis. Data was stratified by age range.Results: 177 patients participated in the intervention, mean age was 58.7 (SD: 18.8) years and 53.7% were female, 19.8% had smoke habit, 18.1% had respiratory medical history and 27.7% were suspicious COVID-19 case. No differences were observed in SpO2 intervention across age groups (p value 0.058 with gloves and 0.150 without). There were statistical significance difference in: patients <50 years (SpO2: +0.65), 50-75 years (SpO2: +0.62), females (SpO2: +0.79), smokers (SpO2: +0.60) and COVID suspicious cases (SpO2: +0.64). Bland-Altman analysis was performed, mean difference was -0.56 ± 1.38% (95% CI, -0.77 to -0.35), and the limits of agreement were -3.32 and 2.19%.Conclusions: The use of powder-free nitrile glove do not change SpO2 with pulse oximetry in general population. However, those patients with potential lung affection might have measures without gloves. Nursing is crucial to educate and prevent from COVID-19 infection.

The effect of mask use on maternal oxygen saturation in term pregnancies during the COVID-19 process

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzat Toprak ◽  
Ayça Nazlı Bulut
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Coin Toss ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Before And After

AbstractObjectivesOur aim was to evaluate the effect of standard surgical and N-95 respiratory mask use on maternal oxygen saturation, vital signs and result on non-stress tests in term pregnancies.MethodsIt is a prospective observational study. The study included healthy, not in labor, singleton pregnant women of 370/7–410/7 weeks who were applied to our hospital for routine obstetric control examination between March 1, 2020, and August 31, 2020. Patients were randomised by coin toss method. Oxygen saturation, systolic, and diastolic arterial blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature of pregnant women using surgical masks and respiratory masks were measured before and after the non-stress test. The tolerance of the masks was also evaluated. Student’s t-test was used for variables showing parametric distribution and the Mann Whitney U-test was used for non-parametric tests. The categorical variables between the groups was analyzed by using the Chi square test or Fisher Exact test. The statistical significance level was taken as p<0.05 in all tests.ResultsA total of 297 pregnant women using masks were included in the study. The effect of mask type on oxygen saturation before and after the non-stress test was found to be significant (97.1±1.8 corresponds to 95.3±2.6 for the surgical mask, p=0.0001; 97.8±1.7 corresponds to 93.7±2.0 for the respiratory mask, p=0.0001). Mask tolerance of patients using respiratory masks was significantly higher than those using surgical masks (mean 8, 1–10, p=0.0001).ConclusionsSurgical mask and respiratory mask usage decreased significantly in oxygen saturation in term pregnancies.

Performance of Automated Telemetry in Diagnosing QT Prolongation in Critically Ill Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 466-470
Author(s):  
Enrique Calvo-Ayala ◽  
Vince Procopio ◽  
Hayk Papukhyan ◽  
Girish B. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Qt Prolongation ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Poor Agreement ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Prolonged Qt ◽  
Definition Of

Background QT prolongation increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmia and is common among critically ill patients. The gold standard for QT measurement is electrocardiography. Automated measurement of corrected QT (QTc) by cardiac telemetry has been developed, but this method has not been compared with electrocardiography in critically ill patients. Objective To compare the diagnostic performance of QTc values obtained with cardiac telemetry versus electrocardiography. Methods This prospective observational study included patients admitted to intensive care who had an electrocardiogram ordered simultaneously with cardiac telemetry. Demographic data and QTc determined by electrocardiography and telemetry were recorded. Bland-Altman analysis was done, and correlation coefficient and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) coefficient were calculated. Results Fifty-one data points were obtained from 43 patients (65% men). Bland-Altman analysis revealed poor agreement between telemetry and electrocardiography and evidence of fixed and proportional bias. Area under the ROC curve for QTc determined by telemetry was 0.9 (P &lt; .001) for a definition of prolonged QT as QTc ≥ 450 milliseconds in electrocardiography (sensitivity, 88.89%; specificity, 83.33%; cutoff of 464 milliseconds used). Correlation between the 2 methods was only moderate (r = 0.6, P &lt; .001). Conclusions QTc determination by telemetry has poor agreement and moderate correlation with electrocardiography. However, telemetry has an acceptable area under the curve in ROC analysis with tolerable sensitivity and specificity depending on the cutoff used to define prolonged QT. Cardiac telemetry should be used with caution in critically ill patients.

scholarly journals Population-based survey of HIV sero-status and vertical transmission among naive pregnant women in Sokoto, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiekumo Igbida Buseri ◽  
Charity Ngozi Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: This study aims at investigating the seroprevalence of HIV infection among status naive pregnant women and probable vertical transmission in Sokoto, Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 13,026 apparently healthy pregnant women aged between 14 and 45 years and 312 mother-baby pairs in 4 different hospital settings in Sokoto State, North West, Nigeria between March, 2011 and February, 2013. The babies were aged between 8 and 16 months. HIV screening was performed using qualitative rapid tests and ELISA and HIV-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Measurement of CD4+ T-lymphocytes was carried out by the BD FACScount System. All seropositive pregnant women were immediately placed on triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) throughout the duration of the pregnancy and beyond.Results: An overall 2.4% prevalence of HIV-1 infection among the pregnant women and 20.5% incident of mother-to-child transmission were found. Of the seropositive pregnant women, 75.0% were full-time house wives, 13.8% and 11.2% were traders and civil servants respectively; of which, 70.2% were within the ages of 14 and 27 years (youthful predominance). Pearson’s χ2analysis did not show any statistically significant difference in the Mean values in the 4 health facilities (χ2 =2.084, df=3, P-value=0.555). Similarly, no significant difference in HIV seropositivity in the demographic data of the pregnant women were observed (P>0.05). Infection was recorded in all age groups but there was no statistical significance between age groups and infection (P = 0.833). Of the 64 seropositive babies, 62 (92.5%) contracted HIV from antiretroviral therapy non-adherence mothers (χ2 =271.457, df=1, P<0.01), OR=1506.6 (95%CI=285.5-7950.4). Conclusion: This study found high prevalence of vertical transmission due to ART non-adherence. Intervention initiatives should, therefore, focus seriously on ART non-adherence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.11530Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 49-57  

scholarly journals Incorporating habitat suitability and demographic data for developing a reintroduction plan for the critically endangered yellow spotted mountain newt, Neurergus derjugini

2019 ◽  
pp. 282-294
Author(s):  
Somaye Vaissi
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Maximum Entropy Modelling ◽  
Age At Maturation

In reintroduction programmes for amphibians, data on age structure in hosting populations and choices of life stage or age groups in releasing captive bred individuals are often missing. Similarly, employing site selection procedures for selecting appropriate reintroduction locations are often neglected. Here, we obtained data on longevity, age at maturation, and age structure from skeletochronological data in a free living population of the yellow spotted mountain newt, Neurergus derjugini. A maximum longevity of 13 years for males and 12 years for females showed that N. derjugini is a long living newt with a stable age structure. We also employed maximum entropy modelling, geographic information system, and multicriteria decision analysis to obtain ranked suitability scores for reintroduction sites. Finally, we determined post-release survival rates for different life stage and age groups of N. derjugini including 30 eggs and 60 individuals of six-months old larvae, one and three-year old juveniles, and six-year old adults (15 each) born and raised in a captive-breeding facility and released into mesh enclosures in a selected stream. Over 10 visits to the site before and after overwintering, the survival rates for eggs, larvae, one and three-year juveniles and six-year old adults were 25, 80, 86.66, 93.33 and 53.33 % respectively. Applying survival rates obtained from current experimental reintroductions through a static life table suggest that an optimal release strategy to arrive at a numerical target of 100 adults aged three can be achieved by reintroduction of 650 fertilised eggs and fostering them in meshed enclosures in the selected stream.

Abstract 16930: Despite Prior Results, Heart Transplant Recipients Over 70 Have Worse Survival Outcomes Based on the 2019 United Network for Organ Sharing Database

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Kanaparthi ◽  
Mohammed Kashem ◽  
Manish Suryapalam ◽  
Yoshiya Toyoda
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Ischemic Time ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
United Network

Introduction: As the prevalence of heart failure increases by age, it is critical we understand the role of heart transplantation (HTx) in older patients. Recent long term studies have indicated no difference in HTx outcomes between recipients 70 years or older and those ages 60-69. But these studies included data from the 1980-90s, introducing significant variance due poorer outcomes across age groups in that era. We analyzed the most recent United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database, stratified by time frames before and after 2000, to demonstrate this statistical discrepancy and derive a more representative comparison of modern survival by age group. Hypothesis: HTx recipients 70+ years old may not actually have comparable survival to those 60-69 years of age, when assessing more recent HTx data. Methods: All UNOS HTx recipients over 60 years of age (n=20,446) were divided into 2 cohorts: those 60-69 and those ≥70 years old, which were analyzed over two time frames: transplant date 1987-1999 and 2000-2019. Demographic data (gender, ethnicity, BMI) as well as peri-operative factors (ICU stay, ischemic time, and length of stay) were evaluated for significance using Chi-Squared and H-Tests as appropriate. Kaplan-Meier Curve with log-rank tests were used to assess 10 year survival outcomes. Results: 19,129 patients were 60-69 years old, and 1,317 were ≥70 years old, with mean ages of 64.0±2.7 and 71.3±1.6 years respectively. The distribution of demographic and peri-operative factors was significantly different between the cohorts, with p<0.05 for values. Survival analysis indicated no significance in the earlier timeframe (1987-1999) with p=0.341, but indicated significance in the later timeframe (2000-2019), with p=0.004. Conclusion: The results indicate that since 2000, recipients 60-69 years of age have better 10- year post transplant survival than older recipients, a relationship previously obscured by worse outcomes in early data.

Validity of Predictive Equations for Resting Energy Expenditure in Greek Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria I. Maraki ◽  
Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos ◽  
Lisa T. Jansen ◽  
Costas Anastasiou ◽  
Anastasios Papalazarou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Type I ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Greek Adults ◽  
Resting Energy

Aim: To examine the validity of published resting energy expenditure (REE) equations in Greek adults, and if indicated, develop new cohort-specific predictive REE equations. Methods: Indirect calorimetry and anthropometric data were obtained from 226 adult volunteers of diverse age groups and body mass index ranges (18–60 years, 16.6–67.7 kg·m–2). Measured REE was compared to preexisting prediction equations via correlation, regression, and Bland-Altman analysis. Then, cohort-specific REE equations were developed using curve estimation and nonlinear regression. To reduce type I error, presently derived equations were validated by splitting the sample into a training and validation group. Results: Preexisting equations over-predicted in-cohort REE. Equations by Livigston and Kohlstadt were most accurate at the individual level (63% accuracy), while formulas by Owen and collaborators elicited highest accuracy at the group level (–1.8% bias). Bland-Altman analysis showed proportional bias for most equations. Currently developed equations showed highest overall accuracy with 70% at the individual and group level (1.0% bias), with small differences between measured and predicted REE values (mean, 95% CI 36 [–15 to 88] kcal·day–1). Conclusion: Data indicate currently developed equations to be the most accurate and valid for estimating REE in Greek adults. Further studies should examine the developed equations in an independent sample.

Clinical and haematological characteristics of human trichostrongyliasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ghanbarzadeh ◽  
M. Saraei ◽  
E.B. Kia ◽  
F. Amini ◽  
M. Sharifdini
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Examination Methods ◽  
Group Sex

AbstractTrichostrongylusspp. are primarily parasites of ruminants, but humans can become infected as accidental hosts. Information about the clinical aspects of human trichostrongyliasis is limited. This study investigated the clinical and haematological characteristics of a large number of trichostrongyliasis patients. In the Fouman district of Guilan Province in northern Iran, during 2015–2016, 60 patients were identified as positive forTrichostrongylusspp., using stool examination methods. The clinical manifestations and demographic data of all patients were recorded and further analysed. Twenty-three patients (38.3%) were male and 37 (61.7%) were female. Among the individuals infected only withTrichostrongylus, only nine patients (16.4%) were asymptomatic. Forty-six patients (83.6%) presented with gastrointestinal (76.3%), pulmonary (30.9%) and cutaneous (12.7%) symptoms. No statistically significant relationship was found between clinical manifestations and sex or age groups. Ten patients (18.1%) revealed eosinophilia and five (9.1%) presented with hypochromic microcytic anaemia. The relationship between eosinophilia and age group, sex and clinical manifestations showed no statistical significance. Our study indicated that trichostrongyliasis may be a major parasitic aetiology for gastrointestinal symptoms and eosinophilia in rural residents of endemic areas.

ASSESSMENT ON THE INTERCHANGEABILITY OF PERSONAL EFFECTIVE DOSE ALGORITHMS IN FLUOROSCOPY-GUIDED INTERVENTIONS USING BLAND-ALTMAN ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 186 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-468
Author(s):  
Asmah Bohari ◽  
Suhairul Hashim ◽  
Sib Krishna Ghoshal ◽  
Siti Norsyafiqah Mohd Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Effective Evaluation ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Radiology Staff

Abstract Long exposure to radiation from fluoroscopy-guided interventions (FGIs) can be detrimental to both patients and radiologists. The effective doses received by the interventional radiology staff after performing 230 FGIs in a year were assessed by using double dosimetry and five various algorithms. The Shapiro–Wilk test revealed normally-distributed data (p &lt; 0.01), while the significant correlation coefficients between the effective doses ranged between 0.88 and 1.00. As for the Bland–Altman analysis, both Niklason and Boetticher algorithms strongly supported the absence of statistical significance between the estimated effective doses. This portrays that the occupational doses received by the interventional radiology staff during FGIs fall within the acceptable limit regardless of the varied algorithms applied. In short, the Niklason and Boetticher algorithms appeared to be the more interchangeable ones for effective evaluation of doses. This is in view of their strong mutual correlations and excellent agreement.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

Lymph nodes detection and the mesorectal excision quality evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 200-206
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Neoadjuvant Therapy ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Rectal Resection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cooperative Groups ◽  
Mesorectal Excision ◽  
Proper Number ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Gender

ntroduction: Detection and examination of proper number of lymph nodes in patients after rectal resection is important for next treatment and management of patients with rectal carcinoma. There are no clear guideliness for minimal count of lymph nodes, variant recommendations agree on the number of 12 (10−14) nodes. There are situations, when is not easy to reach this count, mainly in older age groups and in patients after neoadjuvant, especially radiation therapy. As a modality for improvement of lymph nodes harvesting seems to be establishing of defined protocols originally designed for mesorectal excision quality evaluation. Methods: The investigation group was formed by patients examined in 2 three-years intervals before and after implementation of the protocol. Elevation in count of harvested lymph nodes was rated generaly and in relation to age groups and gender. Results: The average count of lymph nodes increased from 10 to 15 nodes, in subset of patients whose received neoadjuvant therapy from 7 to al- most 14 nodes. The recommended number of lymph nodes was obtained in all investigated age groups. By the increased number of lymph nodes, rises also possibility of positive nodes found, that can lead to upstaging of the disease, in subset of patients whose received neoadjuvant therapy it is more than 4%. Conclusion: Our conclusions show, that forming of multidisciplinary cooperative groups (chiefly surgeon-pathologist), implementation of defined protocol of surgery, specimen manipulation and investigation by detached specialists lead to benefit consequences for further management and treatment of the patients with colorectal cancer.

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