Cosmetic potential of boiled water of Hijiki (Sargassum fusiforme) grown in the ocean in Okinawa, Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanagasaki Takashi
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Melanin Pigmentation ◽  
Sargassum Fusiforme ◽  
Cladosiphon Okamuranus ◽  
High Possibility ◽  
Boiled Water

Abstract Okinawa has most beautiful ocean that attracts tourists and it was recorded over 10 million foreign tourists visited Okinawa in 2018. The ocean surrounding Okinawa has various species of marine algae that could be raw material for cosmetic products because it has high concentration of phenolic compounds contributing antioxidant activity. There is an urgent need to create Okinawa’s unique brands for cosmetic products using marine algae grown in the ocean of Okinawa. Some of marine algae including popular seaweed food, Mozuku (Cladosiphon okamuranus Tokida) and Hijiki (Sargassum fusiforme), had high oxygen radical absorbance capacity and tyrosinase inhibition. In the food processing of Hijiki, there is a boiling step needed. And this Hijiki liquor is wasted 15 tons per year. To take advantage of this residue, development of cosmetic products derived from Hijiki liquor should be required. Hijiki liquor had the effect of decreasing melanin pigmentation and no cytotoxicity in a three-dimensional human skin model. Therefore, there is a high possibility that Hijiki liquor is a great material for cosmetic products.

Wastewater Treatment Using Marine Algae Biomass as Pollutants Removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1089-1098
Author(s):  
Elena Suzana Biris Dorhoi ◽  
Maria Tofana ◽  
Simona Maria Chis ◽  
Carmen Elena Lupu ◽  
Ticuta Negreanu Pirjol
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Marine Biomass ◽  
Pollutants Removal

The valorification of the marine biomass is an important resource for many industries like pharmaceutical, supplying raw material for the extraction of bioactive substances (vitamins, sterols and collagen), cosmetics, biofertilizers and wastewater treatment. In the last years a special attention has been given to the use of macroalgae. The aim of this study was to emphasize the capacity of two representative green algae species frequent presents on the Romanian shore, Ulva lactuca (L.) and Cladophora vagabunda (L.) Hoek, to remove two usual detergents from wastewater. The green algae washed, dried at room temperature, macerated to powder were introduced into different filter paper for comparison, then immersed in waste water treated with different concentrations of detergents. Tap water was used for the experiment. The results show that Ulva lactuca (L.) species is suitable than Cladophora vagabunda (L.) Hoek species, for wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals A study on highly concentrated lactic acid and the synthesis of lactide from its solution

2021 ◽  
pp. 174751982110210
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Xu ◽  
Lijuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Composition Distribution ◽  
Lactic Acid Solution ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Back Titration ◽  
Condensed Water

Lactic acid is an important platform compound used as raw material for the production of lactide and polylactic acid. However, its concentration and composition distribution are not as simple as those of common compounds. In this work, the mass concentration distribution of highly concentrated lactic acid is determined by back titration. The components of highly concentrated lactic acid, crude lactide, and polymer after the reaction are analyzed by HPLC. Different concentrations of lactic acid solution were prepared for the synthesis of lactide and its content in the product was determined by 1H NMR analysis. We found that lactide is more easily produced from high-concentration lactic acid solution with which the condensed water is easier to release. Hence, the removal of condensed water is crucial to the formation of lactide, although it is not directly formed by esterification of two molecules of lactic acid.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potential of Vetiver System Technology for Improving the Quality of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negisa Darajeh ◽  
Azni Idris ◽  
Paul Truong ◽  
Astimar Abdul Aziz ◽  
Rosenani Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
System Technology ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Control Sets ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Palm oil mill effluent (POME), a pollutant produced by the palm oil industry, was treated by the Vetiver system technology (VST). This technology was applied for the first time to treat POME in order to decrease biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In this study, two different concentrations of POME (low and high) were treated with Vetiver plants for 2 weeks. The results showed that Vetiver was able to reduce the BOD up to 90% in low concentration POME and 60% in high concentration POME, while control sets (without plant) only was able to reduce 15% of BOD. The COD reduction was 94% in low concentration POME and 39% in high concentration POME, while control just shows reduction of 12%. Morphologically, maximum root and shoot lengths were 70 cm, the number of tillers and leaves was 344 and 86, and biomass production was 4.1 kg m−2. These results showed that VST was effective in reducing BOD and COD in POME. The treatment in low concentration was superior to the high concentration. Furthermore, biomass of plant can be considered as a promising raw material for biofuel production while high amount of biomass was generated in low concentration of POME.

scholarly journals Antioxidant properties, quantification and stability of betalains from pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) peel

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Robert de Mello ◽  
Claudia Bernardo ◽  
Caroline Odebrecht Dias ◽  
Luciano Gonzaga ◽  
Edna Regina Amante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Natural Colorant ◽  
Wide Ph Range ◽  
Hylocereus Undatus ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Promising Source

Pitaya peel can be used as a raw material for betalains extraction. The aim of this research was to quantify phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and betalains on pitaya peel. Furthermore, evaluate the betalains stability against various pH conditions and exposure time of heating. The results showed that pitaya peel contains phenolic compounds and presented antioxidant activity. Moreover it showed high concentration of betalains (101.04mg equivalent to betanin. 100g-1) which were stable over a wide pH range (3.2 - 7.0) and were resistant to heating (100oC) up to 10 minutes at pH range from 3.7 to 5.5. Therefore, pitaya peel is a promising source of betalains which can be applied as a natural colorant for food.

Facile Fabrication of Flower-Like LLM-105 Three-Dimensional Microstructures

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 2942-2945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Chen ◽  
Li Li Wang ◽  
Guang Cheng Yang ◽  
Zhi Qiang Qiao ◽  
Fu De Nie
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetric ◽  
Recrystallization Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Facile Fabrication ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Poor Solvent

Flower-like LLM-105 three-dimensional microstructures, which consisted of LLM-105 microrods with rectangular cross-sections, were prepared via a smiple template- and surfactant-free recrystallization process using [Bmim]CF3SO3as good solvent and water as poor solvent. A tentative mechanism for the growth of the flower-like LLM-105 three-dimensional microstructures was proposed on the basis of the analysis of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Comparing with LLM-105 raw material, the thermal decomposition took place at lower temperature and the weight loss has increased for the flower-like three-dimensional microstructures in the differential scanning calorimetric/thermogravimetric (DSC/TG) measurements.

scholarly journals The role of a mid-air collision in drifting snow

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuming Jia ◽  
Zhengshi Wang ◽  
Shumin Li
Keyword(s):  
Friction Velocity ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Particle Collision ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Drifting Snow ◽  
Collision Mechanism

Abstract. Drifting snow, a common two-phase flow movement in high and cold areas, contributes greatly to the mass and energy balance of glacier and ice sheets and further affects the global climate system. Mid-air collisions occur frequently in high-concentration snow flows; however, this mechanism is rarely considered in current models of drifting snow. In this work, a three-dimensional model of drifting snow with consideration of inter-particle collisions is established; this model enables the investigation of the role of a mid-air collision mechanism in openly drifting snow. It is found that the particle collision frequency increases with the particle concentration and friction velocity, and the blown snow with a mid-air collision effect produces more realistic transport fluxes since inter-particle collision can enhance the particle activity under the same condition. However, the snow saltation mass flux basically shows a cubic dependency with friction velocity, which distinguishes it from the quadratic dependence of blown sand movement. Moreover, the snow saltation flux is found to be largely sensitive to the particle size distribution since the suspension snow may restrain the saltation movement. This research could improve our understanding of the role of the mid-air collision mechanism in natural drifting snow.

scholarly journals Effect of fermentation time on the content of bioactive compounds with cosmetic and dermatological properties in Kombucha Yerba Mate extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ziemlewska ◽  
Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska ◽  
Tomasz Bujak ◽  
Martyna Zagórska-Dziok ◽  
Magdalena Wójciak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Fibroblast Cell Lines

AbstractKombucha is a beverage made by fermenting sugared tea using a symbiotic culture of bacteria belonging to the genus Acetobacter, Gluconobacter, and the yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces along with glucuronic acid, which has health-promoting properties. The paper presents the evaluation of ferments as a potential cosmetic raw material obtained from Yerba Mate after different fermentation times with the addition of Kombucha. Fermented and unfermented extracts were compared in terms of chemical composition and biological activity. The antioxidant potential of obtained ferments was analyzed by evaluating the scavenging of external and intracellular free radicals. Cytotoxicity was determined on keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines, resulting in significant increase in cell viability for the ferments. The ferments, especially after 14 and 21 days of fermentation showed strong ability to inhibit (about 40% for F21) the activity of lipoxygenase, collagenase and elastase enzymes and long‐lasting hydration after their application on the skin. Moreover, active chemical compounds, including phenolic acids, xanthines and flavonoids were identified by HPLC/ESI–MS. The results showed that both the analyzed Yerba Mate extract and the ferments obtained with Kombucha may be valuable ingredients in cosmetic products.

scholarly journals Crystal structure of poly[[di-μ3-acetato-tetraaquabis(μ2-cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylato)dilanthanum(III)] dihydrate]

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1926-1930
Author(s):  
R. Drisya ◽  
U. S. Soumya Mol ◽  
P. R. Satheesh Chandran ◽  
M. Sithambaresan ◽  
M. R. Sudarsankumar
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Coordination Mode ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Supramolecular Network ◽  
Formula Unit ◽  
Remarkable Feature ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Coordinated Water

The title compound, {[La2(CH3COO)2(C8H10O4)2(H2O)4]·2H2O}nor [La2(ac)2(e,a-cis-1,4-chdc)2(H2O)4]·2H2O, whereacis acetate and 1,4-chdc is cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylate anion, is a binuclear lanthanum(III) complex. Each metal atom is decacoordinated by four O atoms from two distinct 1,4-chdc2−ligands, four O atoms from three acetate groups and two O atoms from coordinated water molecules to form a distorted bicapped square-antiprismatic geometry. Two non-coordinated water molecules are also present in the formula unit. The most remarkable feature of this compound is that it possesses a onlycisconformation for cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, although the raw material consists of a mixture ofcisandtransisomers. The μ3-η2:η2coordination mode of the bridging acetate group and the flexible dicarboxylate fragments of 1,4-chdc2−results in the formation of infinite two-dimensional lanthanide–carboxylate layers within the crystal structure. The directionality of strong intermolecular O—H...O and weak C—H...O interactions provides robustness to the layers, which leads to the construction of a three-dimensional supramolecular network. The crystal studied was refined as a two-component twin.

The antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds isolated from the bark of Ryukyu pine trees (Pinus luchuensis Mayr.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanagasaki Takashi ◽  
Teruya Shoei
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pinus Luchuensis

Background: Considering that many foreign tourists visit Okinawa, Japan, to purchase some cosmetic products, there is an urgent need to create cosmetic products native to Okinawa. As the Ryukyu pine tree, which is endemic to Okinawa, has been used as a source of wood, investigating the possible use of its bark is recommended. Using this natural resource from Okinawa would aid in promoting the products of Okinawa’s unique brands. As a result, this study was designed to isolate useful materials for cosmetic production. Therefore, fractionation was conducted based on a few types of chromatographies, after which the extracted product of the Ryukyu pine tree (Pinus luchuensis Mayr.) bark was analyzed, and its polyphenol contents compared. Methods: Bark of the Ryukyu pine tree cultivated in the northern mountainous region of the Okinawa Main Island was used for ASE extraction using ultrapure water at 130°C. DIAION HP20 with methanol and two HPLC fractionation types were subsequently used for phenolic compound isolation. Results: ASE extraction and HP20 and HPLC fractionations resulted in an isolation of several compounds: threo-1,2-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propane-1,3-diol (compound 1; 0.03% w/w of an ASE extract), erythro-1,2-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propane-1,3-diol (compound 2; 0.03% w/w of an ASE extract), catechin (0.11% w/w of an ASE extract), and vanillin (0.31% w/w of an ASE extract). In addition, the value of its antioxidant activity by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging capacity assay was 3.3 mmol-trolox eq./g, 2.6 mmol-trolox eq./g, 9.7 mmol-trolox eq./g and 0.7 mmol-trolox eq./g for compound 1, compound 2, catechin, and vanillic acid, respectively. Conclusion: These phenolic compounds possess whitening and anti-aging potentials. Therefore, Ryukyu pine tree bark would be a useful raw material source for cosmetic production.

scholarly journals REGIONAL CONCENTRATION OF CHARCOAL PRODUCTION IN THE STATE OF PARAÍBA, BRAZIL (1994 - 2016)

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Moreira Coelho Junior ◽  
Mariane Gama de Medeiros ◽  
Edvaldo Pereira Santos Júnior ◽  
Luís Antônio Coimbra Borges ◽  
Maísa Santos Joaquim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Regional Production ◽  
Partial Indices ◽  
Regional Concentration ◽  
Production Concentration ◽  
Environmental Importance

ABSTRACT Charcoal has an economic, social and environmental importance, because in addition to being a source of energy, it generates employment and income in the rural environment. Therefore, knowing your market is fundamental for the decision-making of those segments that depend on this raw material. This work analyzed the regional concentration of charcoal production in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, from 1994 to 2016. The data used to measure the regional production concentration (in tons) of native Paraíba charcoal were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) from 1994 to 2016. The indicators used were the Concentration Ratio [CR(k)], the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), Theil's entropy index (E) and the Gini Index (G). The main results show that the mesorregions of Borborema and Sertão Paraibano present concentrations in charcoal production from Paraíba. The CR(k) of the municipalities had a low to moderately low concentration and a moderately high to a high concentration for the microregions; the HHI and E showed deconcentration tendencies from competitive markets; the G showed strong to very strong inequality for the municipalities and microregions on average. It is concluded that the concentration of charcoal production at regional levels is not concentrated, even though it presents a moderate concentration in the partial indices [CR(k)] for the Paraíba microregions.

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