Financial Inclusion Gender Gap in Ethiopia: Evidence from Decomposition Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shemelis Kebede Hundie ◽  
Daniel Tadesse Tulu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
Socioeconomic Variables ◽  
The World

Abstract Financial inclusion gender gap in Ethiopia is significantly high and how socioeconomic variables affect the gap is not sufficiently studied. Hence, this study examines financial inclusion gender gap in Ethiopia using the World Bank’s Global Findex database of 2017. Hence, this study aims to examine the magnitude of financial inclusion gender gap and its socioeconomic determinants in Ethiopia using different econometric decomposition analysis. Empirical findings denote that there is statistically significant financial gender disparity in Ethiopia. Fairlie decomposition results show that being older, a man, more educated and richer favor financial inclusion with a higher influence of age, employment and education. Moreover, differences in coefficients, differences in productivity, advantage to males and disadvantage to females widen the gender gap in financial inclusion Ethiopia.

Determinants of Financial Inclusion Gender Gap in Ethiopia: Evidence From Decomposition Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shemelis Kebede Hundie ◽  
Daniel Tadesse Tulu
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Debit Card ◽  
The World ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Emergency Fund

Abstract In Ethiopia, the gender gap in financial inclusion is high, and the effect of socioeconomic variables on the gap is not well investigated. As a result, this study uses the World Bank’s Global Findex database from 2017 to analyze magnitude and determinants of the gender gap in financial inclusion in Ethiopia. Using Fairlie decomposition technique, we find statistically significant gender gap in all indicators of financial inclusion under study in Ethiopia. The result shows that the highest financial inclusion gender gap is observed in formal saving followed by formal account holding. The decomposition results show males are 16.5%, 16.6%, 8.9 %, 8.4 %t, and 5.8% more likely to have a formal account, formal saving, borrowing, emergency fund possibility, and debit card ownership, respectively. We further decompose these gaps using Daymont and Andrisani approach and the result reveals that differences in coefficients between males and females explain 57.7% in formal saving, 43.4% in formal account holding, and 110.9% in borrowing from formal financial institutions. About 54.2% of the total gender gap in possibility of raising emergcency fund is attributed to differences in characteristics/predictors between the two genders while gender gap in debit card holding is explained by the iteraction between differences in characterisctics and coefficients. Being older, more educated, and wealthier favor financial inclusion, with age, employment, and education having a greater effect. Furthermore, gaps in coefficients, productivity, and advantage to males and disadvantage to females aggravate the gender gap in financial inclusion in Ethiopia. Gender mainstreaming in economic activities to increase income, employment opportunities and education for females to bridge the gender gap in financial inclusion is important.

Gender disparity in speakers at a major academic emergency medicine conference

2020 ◽  
pp. emermed-2019-208865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Partiali ◽  
Sandra Oska ◽  
Ross Benjamin Touriel ◽  
Anthony Delise ◽  
Antonio Barbat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender

BackgroundAlthough women make up a substantial portion of the workforce in emergency medicine, they remain under-represented in academia.MethodsThis study investigates trends in the representation of female speakers at the American College of Emergency Physicians scientific assembly—the largest academic emergency medicine conference in the world. Publication profiles, speaking duration and gender composition of speakers were collected and compared over a 3-year period.ResultsThe authors described increased representation of female speakers at the conference from 2016 to 2018, as well as an upward trend in women’s actual speaking time.ConclusionThis upward trend in women’s representation may translate to more opportunities for female engagement in academic emergency medicine. Despite the increasing representation of women, male speakers outnumbered female speakers all 3 years, demonstrating that a speaker gender gap persists in academic emergency medicine.

scholarly journals Gender disparity effect among financially included (and excluded) women in Middle East and North Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-348
Author(s):  
Antonella Francesca Cicchiello ◽  
Amirreza Kazemikhasragh ◽  
Anna Maria Fellegara ◽  
Stefano Monferrà
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
High Income ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Probit Models ◽  
The World ◽  
Study Support ◽  
New Evidence

Gender in financial inclusion is an evolving field of research. This study uses the World Bank’s Global Findex database, along with probit models, to investigate the presence of gender inequality on financial inclusion and its causes. In the Middle East and North Africa samples, we present new evidence of lower women’s financial inclusion. Being a man, older, well-educated and with a high-income increases the likelihood of being financially included. The findings of this study support policymaker in defining policies to promote financial inclusion in the Middle East and North Africa. Increasing the level of financial inclusion enhances the level of official savings in countries, which in turn promotes development.

scholarly journals Gender gap in financial inclusion: Evidence from MENA

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Ekin Ayşe Özşuca
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
The World

This study aims to analyze the gender dimension of financial inclusion in MENA countries. Using the World Bank’s 2017 Global Findex Database, it explores the underlying factors of gender differences in formal financial services usage via Fairlie decomposition method. The findings of the study indicate that a significant portion of the disparity in financial inclusion is attributable to employment, while age and tertiary education are also found as contributing factors to the financial inclusion gap. Another notable finding is that upper income quintiles contribute positively to the gender gap, indeed to a greater extent compared to lower income groups.

Gender Impact on the Enterprise Performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Oleksii V. Lyulyov ◽  
Oleksandra I. Karintseva ◽  
Andrii V. Yevdokymov ◽  
Hanna S. Ponomarova ◽  
Oleksandr O. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Representation ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Enterprise Performance ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the situation of gender equality in Ukraine and in the world during the last 5 years, identifies the leading countries in moving towards gender equality in various fields of life by analyzing the indicators of the Global Gender Gap Report of the World Economic Forum. These indicators include: Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival, Political Empowerment, which are the part of a single index that determines the position of countries in the overall ranking. Based on the results of this analysis, Ukraine has improved value of gender equality index, although in the overall ranking of countries Ukraine has lost its position and dropped 11 ranks lower than in 2014. This means that, among all the countries surveyed by the World Economic Forum, there are countries that are moving much faster towards gender equality than Ukraine. In addition, the article includes the investigation of the gender representation among the board members of 5 enterprises of Ukraine for 2014-2017, which represent the leading sectors of the Ukrainian economy. The dynamics of changes in the level of performance of these enterprises using the return on assets (ROA) indicator is analyzed, the relationship between the leadership of the enterprises and the value of the ROA indicator is graphically presented. The obtained results do not give a clear answer about the gender impact on the enterprise performance. The reason for this is a number of factors, such as: insufficient statistical sampling of enterprises; the selected performance indicator of enterprise activities does not fully reflect the impact of the gender factor on enterprise activities; the methodology used in the work needs improvements, or it is necessary to choose a totally new approach to the analysis of the investigated issue under study. Gender representation among board members and its impact on enterprise performance should be investigated further. Key words: gender, gender equality, enterprise board members, return on assets.

scholarly journals The Gender Wage Gap among Ph.D. Holders: Evidence from Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Alfano ◽  
Lorenzo Cicatiello ◽  
Giuseppe Lucio Gaeta ◽  
Mauro Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Stem Fields ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Educational Qualification ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Quantile Decomposition ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This paper contributes to the literature on the gender wage gap by empirically analyzing those workers who hold the highest possible educational qualification, i.e., a Ph.D. The analysis relies on recent Italian cross-sectional data collected through a survey on the employment conditions of Ph.D. holders. The Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition analysis and quantile decomposition analysis are carried out, and the selection of Ph.D. holders into employment and STEM/non-STEM fields of specialization is taken into account. Findings suggest that a gender gap in hourly wages exists among Ph.D. holders, with sizeable differences by sector of employment and field of specialization.

scholarly journals Women Plastic Surgeons of Canada: Empowherment Through Education and Mentorship

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Retrouvey ◽  
Perry Gdalevitch
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
Female Surgeons ◽  
Surgery Education ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Gender disparity in plastic surgery in Canada is an important issue. The Women Plastic Surgeons of Canada (WPSC) group was created to highlight the interests and concerns of female members of the Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons (CSPS). Women Plastic Surgeons of Canada seeks to teach and implement measures to overcome the internal and external factors contributing to “the plastic ceiling.” In addition, the WPSC group was created to raise awareness about the gender gap in our leadership and implement strategies to empower female surgeons to “lean in” and seek out leadership roles in plastic surgery. Education, mentorship, and networking among female CSPS members are first steps in empowering our female surgeons. All members of the CSPS are encouraged to learn about gender disparity in order to work together to address this issue.

scholarly journals Murābaḥah-Taꜥāwun Financing: An Innovation in Islamic Personal Financing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
International Journal of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh Studies
Keyword(s):  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Financial Contract ◽  
Up Scaling

Entrepreneurs, especially in developing societies, which include many Muslim countries among their fold, face a herculean task in up-scaling their businesses due to a lack of capital to procure relevant assets to grow their businesses. The world Islamic banks’ competitiveness report (2016) identified poor financial inclusion as one of the critical factors responsible for the uneven distribution of wealth in the Muslim world. This study presents the Murābaḥah-Taʻāwun financing product as an innovative addition to the range of financial products available on the Islamic banking shelf to reduce the incidence of poverty. Murābaḥah-Taʻāwun is operationalized where a group of entrepreneurs contribute funds together under a recognized Islamic bank while allowing every partner access to the fund on a rotational basis for the purchase of an asset according to a pre-defined arrangement. The study highlighted the importance of Murābaḥah-Taʻ''āwun as an Islamic financial contract by reviewing relevant extant literature. The proposed product shows that greater financial inclusion can be achieved without recourse to riba and thus will reduce poverty among Muslims.

scholarly journals Women neurosurgeons around the world: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. E12
Author(s):  
Tina Lulla ◽  
Rosemary T. Behmer Hansen ◽  
Cynthia A. Smith ◽  
Nicole A. Silva ◽  
Nitesh V. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
English Language ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Physical Burden ◽  
The World ◽  
Country Specific

OBJECTIVEGender disparities in neurosurgery have persisted even as the number of female medical students in many countries has risen. An understanding of the current gender distribution of neurosurgeons around the world and the possible factors contributing to country-specific gender disparities is an important step in improving gender equity in the field.METHODSThe authors performed a systematic review of studies pertaining to women in neurosurgery. Papers listed in PubMed in the English language were collected. A modified grounded theory approach was utilized to systematically identify and code factors noted to contribute to gender disparities in neurosurgery. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows.RESULTSThe authors identified 39 studies describing the density of women neurosurgeons in particular regions, 18 of which documented the proportion of practicing female neurosurgeons in a single or in multiple countries. The majority of these studies were published within the last 5 years. Eight factors contributing to gender disparity were identified, including conference representation, the proverbial glass ceiling, lifestyle, mentoring, discrimination, interest, salary, and physical burden.CONCLUSIONSThe topic of women in neurosurgery has received considerable global scholarly attention. The worldwide proportion of female neurosurgeons varies by region and country. Mentorship was the most frequently cited factor contributing to noted gender differences, with lifestyle, the glass ceiling, and discrimination also frequently mentioned. Future studies are necessary to assess the influence of country-specific sociopolitical factors that push and pull individuals of all backgrounds to enter this field.

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