Factors Associated with the Performance of Routine Health Information System in Yaoundé-Cameroon: A cross-sectional survey

Abstract Background: Routine Health Information Systems (RHIS) of low-income countries function below the globally expected standard, characterised by the production and use of poor-quality data, or the non-use of good quality data for informed decision making. This has negatively influenced the health service delivery and uptake. This study focuses on identifying the factors associated with the performance of RHIS of the health facilities (HF) in Yaoundé, so as to guide targeted RHIS strengthening.Methods: A HF-based cross-sectional study in the 6 health districts (HDs) of Yaoundé was conducted. HFs were chosen using stratified sampling with probability proportional to size per HD. Data were collected, entered into Microsoft Excel 2013 and analysed with IBM- SPSS version 25. Consistency of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Pearson’s chi-square (and Fisher exact where relevant) tests were used to establish relationships between qualitative variables. Associations were further quantified using unadjusted Odd ratio (OR) for univariable analysis and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for multivariable analysis with 95% confidence interval (CI). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Of 111 selected HFs; 16 (14.4%) were public and 95 (85.6%) private. Respondents aged 24-60 years with an average of 38.3±9.3 years; 58 (52.3%) males and 53(47.7%) females. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.96 (95%CI: 0.95 – 0.98, p<0.001), proving that the questionnaire was reliable in measuring RHIS performances. At univariable level, the following factors were positively associated with good performances: supportive supervision (OR = 3.03 (1.1, 8.3); p = 0.02), receiving feedback from hierarchy (OR = 3.6 (0.99, 13.2); p = 0.05), having received training on health information (OR = 5.0 (1.6, 16.0); p = 0.003), and presence of a performance evaluation plan (OR = 3.3 (1.4, 8.2), p = 0.007). At multivariable level, the only significantly associated factor was having received training on health information (aOR = 3.3 (1.01, 11.1), p = 0.04).Conclusion: Training of health staff in the RHIS favors RHIS good performance. Hence, emphasis should be laid on training and empowering staff, frequent and regular RHIS supervision, and frequent and regular feedback, for an efficient RHIS strengthening in Yaoundé.

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Factors associated with the performance of routine health information system in Yaoundé-Cameroon: a cross-sectional survey

BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making ◽

10.1186/s12911-020-01357-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Georges Nguefack-Tsague ◽

Brian Bongwong Tamfon ◽

Ismael Ngnie-Teta ◽

Marie Nicole Ngoufack ◽

Basile Keugoung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Information ◽

Low Income ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Quality Data ◽

Health Staff ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Cronbach's Alpha

Abstract Background Routine Health Information Systems (RHIS) of low-income countries function below the globally expected standard, characterised by the production and use of poor-quality data, or the non-use of good quality data for informed decision making. This has negatively influenced the health service delivery and uptake. This study focuses on identifying the factors associated with the performance of RHIS of the health facilities (HF) in Yaoundé, so as to guide targeted RHIS strengthening. Methods A HF-based cross-sectional study in the 6 health districts (HDs) of Yaoundé was conducted. HFs were chosen using stratified sampling with probability proportional to size per HD. Data were collected, entered into Microsoft Excel 2013 and analysed with IBM- SPSS version 25. Consistency of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Pearson’s chi-square (and Fisher exact where relevant) tests were used to establish relationships between qualitative variables. Associations were further quantified using unadjusted Odd ratio (OR) for univariable analysis and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for multivariable analysis with 95% confidence interval (CI). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Of 111 selected HFs; 16 (14.4%) were public and 95 (85.6%) private. Respondents aged 24–60 years with an average of 38.3 ± 9.3 years; 58 (52.3%) males and 53(47.7%) females. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.96 (95%CI: 0.95–0.98, p < 0.001), proving that the questionnaire was reliable in measuring RHIS performances. At univariable level, the following factors were positively associated with good performances: supportive supervision (OR = 3.03 (1.1, 8.3); p = 0.02), receiving feedback from hierarchy (OR = 3.6 (0.99, 13.2); p = 0.05), having received training on health information (OR = 5.0 (1.6, 16.0); p = 0.003), and presence of a performance evaluation plan (OR = 3.3 (1.4, 8.2), p = 0.007). At multivariable level, the only significantly associated factor was having received training on health information (aOR = 3.3 (1.01, 11.1), p = 0.04). Conclusion Training of health staff in the RHIS favors RHIS good performance. Hence, emphasis should be laid on training and empowering staff, frequent and regular RHIS supervision, and frequent and regular feedback, for an efficient RHIS strengthening in Yaoundé.

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Factors Associated with the Performance of Routine Health Information System in Yaoundé-Cameroon: A cross-sectional survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29116/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Georges Nguefack-Tsague ◽

Brian Bongwong Tamfon ◽

Ismael Ngnie-Teta ◽

Marie Nicole Ngoufack ◽

Basile Keugoung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Information ◽

Low Income ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Quality Data ◽

P Value ◽

Health Staff ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Cronbach's Alpha

Abstract Background Routine Health Information Systems (RHIS) of low-income countries function below the globally expected standard, characterised by the production and use of poor-quality data, or the non-use of good quality data for informed decision making. This has negatively influenced the health service delivery and uptake. This study focuses on identifying the factors associated with the performance of RHIS of the health facilities (HF) in Yaoundé, so as to guide targeted RHIS strengthening. Methods A HF-based cross-sectional study in the 6 health districts (HDs) of Yaoundé was conducted. HFs were chosen using stratified sampling with probability proportional to size per HD. Data were collected, entered into Microsoft Excel 2013 and analysed with IBM- SPSS version 25. Consistency of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Pearson’s chi-square (and Fisher exact where relevant) tests were used to establish relationships between qualitative variables. Associations were further quantified using unadjusted Odd ratio (OR) for univariate analysis and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for multivariate analysis with 95% confidence interval (CI). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Of 111 selected HFs; 16 (14.4%) were public and 95 (85.6%) private. Respondents aged 24–60 years with an average of 38.3 ± 9.3 years; 58 (52.3%) male and 53(47.7%) female. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.96 (95%CI: 0.95–0.98, p < 0.001), proving that the questionnaire was reliable in measuring RHIS performances. At Univariate level, the following factors were positively associated with good performances: supportive supervision (OR = 3.03 (1.1, 8.3); p = 0.02), receiving feedback from hierarchy (OR = 3.6 (0.99, 13.2); p = 0.05), having received training on health information (OR = 5.0 (1.6, 16.0); p = 0.003), and presence of a performance evaluation plan (OR = 3.3 (1.4, 8.2), p = 0.007). At multivariate level, the only significantly associated factor was having received training on health information (aOR = 3.3 (1.01, 11.1), p = 0.04). Conclusions Training of health staff in the RHIS favors RHIS good performance. Hence, emphasis should be laid on training and empowering staff, frequent and regular RHIS supervision, and frequent and regular feedback mechanisms, for an efficient RHIS strengthening in Yaoundé.

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Gestión de seguridad y salud ocupacional y riesgos laborales en una empresa constructora del Perú

South Florida Journal of Development ◽

10.46932/sfjdv2n4-018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 5195-5205

Author(s):

Jossimar Ortega Aliaga ◽

Rubén Moisés Mauricio Avalos ◽

Jimmy Edison Macedo Bedoya ◽

César Orlando Yumpo Chuquilin

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Management ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

High Reliability ◽

P Value ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Knowledge Application ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

San Martín

El estudio de investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre la gestión del conocimiento en la productividad de la empresa CONSTRUCTORA PBG E.I.R.L. San Martín de Porres, 2020. El tipo de investigación fue de tipo básica, diseño correlacional, transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 70 colaboradores, con una población censal de 70 trabajadores, con instrumentos validados por expertos y una alta fiabilidad. La escala de percepción de la gestión del conocimiento, para el presente estudio presentó confiabilidad con Alfa de Cronbach de 0.788 indicando una fuerte consistencia interna, y la Escala de productividad, para la investigación presentó validez de confiabilidad con Alfa de Cronbach de 0.891 indicando una fuerte consistencia interna. Los resultados descriptivos de la variable gestión del conocimiento según los trabajadores el 35.7% lo considera deficiente, el 42.9% los considera regular y el 21.4% es considerado como eficiente; en la dimensión Creación del conocimiento, el 28.6% lo considera deficiente, el 50.0% los considera regular y el 21.4% es considerado como eficiente; en la dimensión Transferencia del conocimiento el 25.7% lo considera deficiente, el 45.7% los considera regular y el 28.6% es considerado como eficiente; en la dimensión Aplicación del conocimiento el 28.6% lo considera deficiente, el 42.9% los considera regular y el 28.6% es considerado como eficiente. Los resultados nos indicaron la gestión del conocimiento se relaciona con la productividad se relacionan moderadamente con un (Rho 0,622 y p-valor 0,000) The research study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge management on the productivity of the company CONSTRUCTORA PBG E.I.R.L. San Martín de Porres, 2020. The type of research was basic, correlational, cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 70 collaborators, with a census population of 70 workers, with instruments validated by experts and high reliability. The knowledge management perception scale for the present study presented reliability with Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.788 indicating strong internal consistency, and the Productivity Scale, for the investigation, presented reliability validity with Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.891 indicating strong internal consistency. The descriptive results of the knowledge management variable according to the workers, 35.7% consider it deficient, 42.9% consider it regular and 21.4% consider it efficient; in the Knowledge creation dimension, 28.6% consider it deficient, 50.0% consider it regular and 21.4% consider it efficient; In the knowledge transfer dimension, 25.7% consider it deficient, 45.7% consider it regular and 28.6% consider it efficient; In the Knowledge Application dimension, 28.6% consider it deficient, 42.9% consider it regular and 28.6% consider it efficient. The results indicated that knowledge management is related to productivity and is moderately related to a (Rho 0.622 and p-value 0.000)

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Self-reported provision of person-centred maternity care among providers in Kenya and Ghana: scale validation and examination of associated factors

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007415 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. e007415

Author(s):

Patience A Afulani ◽

Raymond A Aborigo ◽

Jerry John Nutor ◽

Jaffer Okiring ◽

Irene Kuwolamo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Maternity Care ◽

Scale Validation ◽

Care Providers ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Cronbach's Alpha

IntroductionPerson-centred maternity care (PCMC), which refers to care that is respectful and responsive to women’s preferences needs, and values, is core to high-quality maternal and child health. Provider-reported PCMC provision is a potentially valid means of assessing the extent of PCMC and contributing factors. Our objectives are to assess the psychometric properties of a provider-reported PCMC scale, and to examine levels and factors associated with PCMC provision.MethodsWe used data from two cross-sectional surveys with 236 maternity care providers from Ghana (n=150) and Kenya (n=86). Analysis included factor analysis to assess construct validity and Cronbach’s alpha to assess internal consistency of the scale; descriptive analysis to assess extent of PCMC and bivariate and multivariable linear regression to examine factors associated with PCMC.FindingsThe 9-item provider-reported PCMC scale has high construct validity and reliability representing a unidimensional scale with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.72. The average standardised PCMC score for the combined sample was 66.8 (SD: 14.7). PCMC decreased with increasing report of stress and burnout. Compared with providers with no burnout, providers with burnout had lower average PCMC scores (β: −7.30, 95% CI:−11.19 to –3.40 for low burnout and β: −10.86, 95% CI: −17.21 to –4.51 for high burnout). Burnout accounted for over half of the effect of perceived stress on PCMC.ConclusionThe provider PCMC scale is a valid and reliable measure of provider self-reported PCMC and highlights inadequate provision of PCMC in Kenya and Ghana. Provider burnout is a key driver of poor PCMC that needs to be addressed to improve PCMC.

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Prevalence and factors associated with fatigue in the Lausanne middle-aged population: a population-based, cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027070 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. e027070 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Coralie Galland-Decker ◽

Pedro Marques-Vidal ◽

Peter Vollenweider

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and factors associated with fatigue in the general population.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional survey performed between May 2014 and April 2017.SettingGeneral population of the city of Lausanne, Switzerland.Participants2848 participants (53.2% women, age range 45–86 years).Primary outcome measurePrevalence of fatigue the previous week, defined as a score of ≥4 using the Fatigue Severity Scale.ResultsThe prevalence of fatigue was 21.9% (95% CI 20.4% to 23.4%) in the total sample. On bivariate analysis, participants with fatigue were younger, had a higher body mass index, a lower handgrip strength and lower ferritin levels. Participants with fatigue were more frequently women, had a lower educational level, presented more frequently with clinical insomnia, diabetes, anaemia, depression and low thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) values, had a higher consumption of antihistamines, antidepressants and hypnotics, and rated more frequently their health as bad or very bad. Multivariable analysis showed that obesity (OR 1.40 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.91)), insomnia categories (p value for trend <0.001), depression (OR 3.26 (95% CI 2.38 to 4.46)), anaemia (OR 1.70 (95% CI 1.00 to 2.89)) and low self-rated health status (p value for trend <0.001) were positively associated with fatigue, while older age (p value for trend 0.002) was negatively associated with fatigue. Conversely, no association was found for diabetes, TSH levels, antihistamines or hypnotics.ConclusionIn a population-based sample aged 45–86, fatigue was present in one out of five subjects. Regarding clinical factors, sleep disturbances such as insomnia and sleep apnoea should be assessed first, followed by depression. Regarding biological factors, anaemia should be ruled out, while screening for hypothyroidism is not recommended as a first step. Sleep complaints and fatigue in older subjects are not due to ageing and should prompt identification of the underlying cause.

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Clinical and genetic factors associated with mismanagement of dyslipidemia. Multiple cross-sectional analysis

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1093/eurjpc/zwab061.382 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

V Chekanova ◽

P Marques-Vidal ◽

N Abolhassani

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

P Value ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Aims Identify the clinical and genetic factors associated with poor control of high cholesterol in the Swiss population. Methods Data from three waves [baseline, N = 617; first, N = 844 and second, N = 798 follow-ups] of a population-based, prospective study conducted in Lausanne, Switzerland. Inadequate management of dyslipidemia was assessed according to the most common Swiss guideline. Genetic scores for lipid levels were computed based on the existing literature. Results Prevalence of inadequately managed dyslipidemia was 30%, 31.5% and 17.4% in the baseline, first and second follow-up. On multivariable analysis, participants at high risk of CVD had a lower likelihood of being adequately managed: odds ratio (OR) and (95% confidence interval) for high-risk relative to low-risk: 0.10 (0.06-0.18), 0.11 (0.07-0.17) and 0.15 (0.09-0.27) for the baseline, first and second follow-up (p for trend < 0.001). Use of more potent statins increased the likelihood of adequate management, OR and (95% CI) for third vs. first level: 2.89 (1.76-4.74) and 5.17 (2.51-10.6) in the first and second follow-up (p for trend < 0.001). No differences in total cholesterol, LDL and HDL genetic scores were found between adequately and inadequately managed participants: for the total cholesterol, -3.7 ± 9.6 vs. -2.7 ± 9.4; -3.5 ± 8.9 vs. -3.7 ± 9.5 and -3.8 ± 8.9 vs. -3.3 ± 9.4 in the baseline, first and second follow-up, p = NS. Those findings were replicated when the thresholds for adequate control were relaxed. Conclusion Management of dyslipidemia is suboptimal in Switzerland. Use of newer, more potent statins in high-risk patients could improve this status. The use of genetic scores appears to be of little interest. Multivariate Analysis First FUOR (95% CI) p-value Second FUOR (95% CI) p-value CVD risk Intermediate 0.18 (0.10 - 0.32) <0.001 0.22 (0.09 - 0.55) 0.001 High 0.07 (0.04 - 0.12) <0.001 0.09 (0.04 - 0.2) <0.001 p-value for trend <0.001 <0.001 Swiss vs Non-Swiss 1.34 (0.87 - 2.05) 0.181 0.79 (0.43 - 1.43) 0.428 FH dyslipidemia (yes/no) 1.02 (0.63 - 1.63) 0.948 0.55 (0.29 - 1.03) 0.060 Statins potency First 1 (ref.) 1 (ref.) Second 2.00 (1.22 - 3.27) 0.006 2.59 (1.23 - 5.44) 0.012 Third 2.89 (1.76 - 4.74) <0.001 5.17 (2.51 - 10.6) <0.001 p-value for trend <0.001 <0.001

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How Prepared are Hospital Employees for Internal Fire Disasters? A Study of an Indian Hospital

International Journal of Research Foundation of Hospital and Health Care Administration ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10035-1055 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 20-24

Author(s):

Kasturi Shukla ◽

Priyadarshini Chandrashekhar ◽

Shweta Mehta

Keyword(s):

Fire Safety ◽

Content Validity ◽

Disaster Preparedness ◽

High Reliability ◽

P Value ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Preparedness Plan ◽

Hospital Employees ◽

Cronbach's Alpha

ABSTRACT Introduction In case of internal disasters, such as fire in hospitals, health services to the community are severely hampered with the additional morbidity of victims, such as employees and visitors present when the disaster strikes. Risk assessment and fire preparedness are most crucial proactive measures to prevent fire disasters and minimize the loss in a hospital; however, scanty studies are available on this topic. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at a multispecialty hospital in Mumbai, Maharashtra (India), during March. April 2014. Fire-Safety Preparedness Framework (FSPF) was designed with four domains (risk and vulnerability assessment, response mechanisms and strategies, preparedness plan and information management) for evaluation of fire safety preparedness of hospital employees. Baseline variables were summarized; instrument was tested for reliability using Cronbach's alpha and content validity through review by experts. The number of correct responses for each question was further analyzed across the type of employee. Results The instrument showed high reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89, p-value. 0.01) and content validity. A total of 207 employees (mean age 32) 8.3 years, 63% females) consented and participated in the study. Out of 20 questions, awareness was high (90%) only for three questions from Response mechanism and strategies-domain. For the remaining questions, awareness was moderate to low. The awareness varied highly with the type of employee. Conclusion The FSPF is a reliable tool for application in the Indian context for hospital employees. Disaster preparedness training and drill need to involve employees from all departments as awareness levels varied highly with type of employee. How to cite this article Shukla K, Chandrashekhar P, Mehta S. How Prepared are Hospital Employees for Internal Fire Disasters? A Study of an Indian Hospital. Int J Res Foundation Hospc Health Adm 2016;4(1):20-24.

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Factors associated with knowledge and attitude towards adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation among healthcare professionals at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: an institutional-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037416 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. e037416

Author(s):

Abraham Tarekegn Mersha ◽

Amare Haile Kiros Gebre Egzi ◽

Hailu Yimer Tawuye ◽

Nigussie Simeneh Endalew

Keyword(s):

Health Professionals ◽

Work Experience ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Good Knowledge ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Knowledge And Attitude ◽

Cpr Training

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to assess the factors associated with knowledge and attitude towards adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among health professionals at the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.Study designAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 15 February to 15 March 2018. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with knowledge and attitude level of health professionals towards CPR. Variables with a p value less than <0.2 in the bivariable analysis were fitted into the multivariable analysis. In the multivariable analysis, variables with a p value <0.05 were considered statistically significant.SettingUniversity of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 406 health professionals (physicians, nurses, anaesthetists, health officers and midwives) were included.ResultsAmong the study participants, 25.1% (95% CI 21.2 to 29.3) had good knowledge and 60.8% (95% CI 55.9 to 65.5) had good attitude towards adult CPR. Work experience (adjusted OR (AOR): 5.02, 95% CI 1.25 to 20.20), number of work settings (AOR: 6.52, 95% CI 2.76 to 15.41), taking CPR training (AOR: 2.76, 95% CI 1.40 to 5.42), exposure to cardiac arrest case (AOR: 2.16, 95% CI 1.14 to 4.07) and reading CPR guidelines (AOR: 5.57, 95% CI 2.76 to 11.20) were positively associated with good knowledge. Similarly, taking CPR training (AOR: 1.74, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.53) and reading CPR guidelines (AOR: 2.74, 95% CI 1.55 to 4.85) were positively associated with good attitude.ConclusionsThe level of knowledge and attitude of health professionals towards adult CPR was suboptimal. Health professionals who were taking CPR training and reading CPR guidelines had good knowledge and attitude towards CPR. In addition, work experience, number of work settings and exposure to cardiac arrest case had a positive association with CPR knowledge. Thus, providing regular CPR training and work setting rotations is highly crucial.

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Factors associated with the quitting intention among Chinese adults: Application of protection motivation theory

Current Psychology ◽

10.1007/s12144-021-01500-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hao-xiang Lin ◽

Chun Chang

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Protection Motivation Theory ◽

Protection Motivation ◽

Motivation Theory ◽

Alpha Coefficient ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cronbach's Alpha

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to examine the use of protection motivation theory (PMT) in explaining smokers’ quitting intentions among Chinese adults with the goal of providing valuable evidence to promote theory-guided and culturally appropriate cessation interventions. This cross-sectional study included 613 participants randomly selected from 26 provinces in Mainland China. Cronbach’s alpha and interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to assess the reliability of individual PMT constructs. A multiple linear regression was used for the multivariable analysis. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the 23 items was 0.74. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of all the subscales varied from 0.71 to 0.74. Stronger quitting intentions were significantly associated with higher perceived vulnerability (Coef. = 0.13, P < 0.01), self-efficacy (Coef. = 0.28, P < 0.01), and response efficacy (Coef. = 0.23, P < 0.01) but inversely associated with intrinsic rewards (Coef. = −0.15, P < 0.01). Greater quitting intentions were significantly associated with higher threat (Coef. = 0.19, P < 0.01) and coping appraisals (Coef. = 0.25, P < 0.01). Regarding behaviour, longer quitting attempts were significantly associated only with self-efficacy (Coef. = 0.13, P < 0.01) and response cost (Coef. = −0.18, P < 0.01) Our results confirmed the applicability of PMT for predicting the quitting intention in Chinese adults. Self-efficacy is the only factor that has a predictive effect on both the intention and behaviour. To improve the effectiveness of smoking-cessation interventions, specific attention should be directed during their design to the more influential PMT constructs.

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Factors associated with serious psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a nationwide cross-sectional internet-based study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. e051115

Author(s):

Takashi Yoshioka ◽

Ryo Okubo ◽

Takahiro Tabuchi ◽

Satomi Odani ◽

Tomohiro Shinozaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Low Income ◽

Income Level ◽

Economic Situation ◽

Serious Psychological Distress ◽

Sampling Weights ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Caregiving Burden ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Factors Associated

ObjectiveTo investigate the factors associated with serious psychological distress (SPD) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.DesignNationwide cross-sectional study using survey data.SettingInternet survey using sampling weights for national estimates conducted between 25 August and 30 September 2020 in Japan.ExposuresDemographics (age, gender), socioeconomic status (income level, employment type, educational attainment, marital status, family composition and caregiving burden); the experience of domestic violence (DV), the state of emergency and fear of and stigma related to COVID-19.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of SPD, defined as Kessler 6 Scale score ≥13.ResultsAmong 25 482 respondents, 10.0% met the criteria of SPD. Overall, women (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.59; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.16; p=0.003), ages 15–29 (aOR 2.35 compared with ages 45–59 years; 95% CI 1.64 to 3.38; p<0.001), low-income level (aOR 1.70 compared with intermediate income; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.49; p=0.007), providing caregiving to family members (aOR 5.48; 95% CI 3.51 to 8.56; p<0.001), experiencing DV (aOR 5.72; 95% CI 3.81 to 8.59; p<0.001) and fear of COVID-19 (aOR 1.96; 95% CI 1.55 to 2.48; p<0.001) were associated with SPD. Among women aged 15–29 years, who have a higher risk of suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, caregiving, DV, fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19-related stigma were associated with SPD.ConclusionsEconomic situation, caregiving burden, DV and fear of COVID-19 were independently associated with SPD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among young women, similar factors, except economic situation, were associated with SPD. Targeted interventions based on age and gender may be more effective in mitigating the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population’s mental health.

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