scholarly journals The impacts of space mutation and host genotype on endophyte role in host perennial ryegrass stress tolerance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bihua Ma ◽  
Yang Luo ◽  
Pei Tian ◽  
Zhenjiang Chen ◽  
Chunjie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Rational Distribution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Consistent Performance

Abstract Aims This study reveal if host genotype, endophyte or space mutation have effects on host stress resistance and select the best performance genotype.Methods Stress tolerance of 8 different perennial ryegrass genotypes including endophyte infected (E+) and endophyte free (E-) with and without space mutation were evaluated. Four different treatments were established which included control {CK, 45% of relatively soil moisture content (RSWC)}, drought stress (D, 15% RSWC), salt stress (S, 250 mmol NaCl with 45% RSWC) and drought combined with salt stress (DS, 250 mmol NaCl with 15% RSWC).Results The results showed that stress treatments significantly inhibited (P< 0.05) the growth of perennial ryegrass as plant height, tiller numbers and biomass of most plants significantly decreased (P<0.05). Under both control and stress treatments, host genotypes had significant (P<0.05) effects on plant growth, contents of phytohormones, ion and nutrient elements. However, there is no consistent performance for each host genotype. For plants both with and without space mutation, endophyte promoted host growth, regulated the rational distribution of ion content and nutrient elements in host plant. The space mutation had effects on plants performance as there was significant difference (P< 0.05) between mutation and without mutant for all of the tested indices except with plant height, aboveground biomass, CTK contents, underground Na+ and C/P, SK, Na, aboveground C.Conclusions The effects of host genotype on plant performance was much more pronounced and far greater than that of endophyte infection and mutation. Endophyte had effects on more indices of plants without mutant which suggest mutation may hide some effects of endophyte as its strong effects.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of 24-Epibrassinolide Improved Salt Stress Tolerance of Perennial Ryegrass

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1518-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Sun ◽  
Mengying An ◽  
Liebao Han ◽  
Shuxia Yin
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a widely used turfgrass. In this study, the effect of exogenously applied 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on salt stress tolerance of perennial ryegrass was investigated. The results indicated that pretreatment with four concentrations of EBR (0, 0.1, 10, 1000 nM) improved salt tolerance of perennial ryegrass. Exogenous EBR treatment decreased electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and H2O2 contents and enhanced the leaf relative water content (RWC), proline, soluble sugar, and soluble protein content under salt stress condition. Meanwhile, EBR reduced the accumulation of Na+ and increased K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ contents in leaves after salt treatment. Moreover, EBR pretreatment also increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, as well as ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione contents. These results suggested that EBR improved salt tolerance by enhancing osmotic adjustment and antioxidant defense systems in perennial ryegrass.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of the effect of expression of MYB transcription factor genes on abiotic stress

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11268
Author(s):  
Zhaolan Han ◽  
Xiaowen Shang ◽  
Lingxia Shao ◽  
Ya Wang ◽  
Xujun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Donor Type

Background MYB proteins are a large group of transcription factors. The overexpression of MYB genes has been reported to improve abiotic stress tolerance in plant. However, due to the variety of plant species studied and the types of gene donors/recipients, along with different experimental conditions, it is difficult to interpret the roles of MYB in abiotic stress tolerance from published data. Methods Using meta-analysis approach, we investigated the plant characteristics involved in cold, drought, and salt stress in MYB-overexpressing plants and analyzed the degrees of influence on plant performance by experimental variables. Results The results show that two of the four measured plant parameters in cold-stressed plants, two of the six in drought-stressed, and four of the 13 in salt-stressed were significantly impacted by MYB overexpression by 22% or more, and the treatment medium, donor/recipient species, and donor type significantly influence the effects of MYB-overexpression on drought stress tolerance. Also, the donor/recipient species, donor type, and stress duration all significantly affected the extent of MYB-mediated salt stress tolerance. In summary, this study compiles and analyzes the data across studies to help us understand the complex interactions that dictate the efficacy of heterologous MYB expression designed for improved abiotic stress tolerance in plants.

scholarly journals A Na2CO3-responsive chitinase gene from Chinese wildrye improve pathogen resistance and saline-alkali stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco and maize

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Guo Liu ◽  
Ying Yu ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Suren Deng ◽  
Xue-Bo Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Chitinase Gene ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Alkali Stress ◽  
Alkaline Salt

AbstractSalinity and microbial pathogens are the major limiting factors for crop production. Although the manipulation of many genes could improve plant performance under either of these stresses, few genes have reported that could improve both pathogen resistance and saline-alkali stress tolerance. In this study, we identified a new chitinase gene CHITINASE 2 (LcCHI2) that encodes a class II chitinase from a Chinese wildrye (Leymus Chinensis), which grows naturally on alkaline-sodic soil. Overexpression of LcCHI2 increased chitinase activity in transgenic plants. The transgenic tobacco and maize exhibited improved pathogen resistance and enhanced both neutral salt and alkaline salt stress tolerance. Overexpression of LcCHI2 reduced sodium (Na+) accumulation, malondialdehyde content and relative electrical conductivity in transgenic tobacco under salt stress. In addition, the transgenic tobacco showed diminished lesion against bacterial and fungal pathogen challenge, suggesting an improved disease resistance. Similar improved performance was also observed in LcCHI2-overexpressed maize under both pathogen and salt stresses. It is worth noting that this genetic manipulation does not impair the growth and yield of transgenic tobacco and maize under normal cultivation condition. Apparently, application of LcCHI2 provides a new train of thought for genetically engineering saline-alkali and pathogen resistant crops of both dicots and monocots.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Characterization of Arabidopsis Ascorbate and Glutathione Deficient Mutants under Abiotic Stresses

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Minh Thi Thanh Hoang ◽  
Mai Thi Anh Doan ◽  
Thuong Nguyen ◽  
Dong-Phuong Tra ◽  
Thanh Nguyen Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance

Ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) are considered important factors to protect plants against abiotic stress. To investigate whether altered endogenous GSH and AsA affect seed germination, plant performance and the abiotic stress tolerance, GSH deficient mutant cad2-1 and AsA-deficient mutants (vtc2-4 and vtc5-2) were phenotypically characterized for their seed germination, shoot growth, photosynthetic activity and root architecture under abiotic stresses. The cad2-1, vtc2-4 and vtc5-2 mutants showed a decrease in osmotic and salt stress tolerance, in sensitivity to ABA during seed germination, and in plant performance under severe abiotic stresses. GSH deficiency in the cad2-1 plants affected plant growth and root development in plants exposed to strong drought, oxidative and heavy metal stress conditions. Plants with lower GSH did not show an increased sensitivity to strong salt stress (100 mM NaCl). In contrast, the mutants with lower AsA enhanced salt stress tolerance in the long-term exposures to strong salt stress since they showed larger leaf areas, longer primary roots and more lateral root numbers. Limitations on AsA or GSH synthesis had no effect on photosynthesis in plants exposed to long-term strong salt or drought stresses, whereas they effected on photosynthesis of mutants exposed to CdCl2. Taken together, the current study suggests that AsA and GSH are important for seed germination, root architecture, shoot growth and plant performance in response to different abiotic stresses, and their functions are dependent on the stress-inducing agents and the stress levels.

scholarly journals Impact of high phosphorous and sodium on productivity and stress tolerance of Arundo donax plants

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Cocozza ◽  
Federico Brilli ◽  
Laura Miozzi ◽  
Sara Pignattelli ◽  
Silvia Rotunno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Isoprene Emission ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Elevated Salinity

AbstractArundo donax L. is an invasive species recently employed for biomass production that emits large amounts of isoprene, a volatile compound having important defensive role. Here, the potential of A. donax to grow in degraded soils, characterized by poor fertility, eutrophication and/or salinization, has been evaluated at morphological, biochemical and transcriptional level. Our results highlight sensitivity of A. donax to P deficiency. Moreover, we show that A. donax response to salt stress (high sodium, Na+), which impaired plant performance causing detrimental effects on leaf cells ultrastructure, is characterized by enhanced biosynthesis of antioxidant carotenoids and sucrose. Differently from Na+, high phosphorous (P) supply did not hamper photosynthesis although it affected carbon metabolism through reduction of starch content and by lowering isoprene emission. In particular, we revealed on salt-stress leaves that high P enhanced the expression of genes involved in abiotic stress tolerance, but further increased diffusive limitations to photosynthesis and slowed-down sugar turnover without modifying isoprene emission. Therefore, despite limiting productivity, high P improved A. donax tolerance to salinity by favouring the accumulation of carbohydrates that protect cells and increase osmotic potential, and by stimulating the synthesis of antioxidants that improves photo-protection and avoids excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species.HighlightsArundo donax is sensitive to elevated salinity. High phosphorous supply to salt-stressed A. donax enhances transcriptomic changesthat induce the onset of physiological mechanisms of stress tolerance but limits productivity.

Overexpression of MYB Genes and Increased Abiotic Stress Tolerance: A Meta-Analysis.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanchun Ma ◽  
Zhaolan Han ◽  
Xiaowen Shang ◽  
Lingxia Shao ◽  
Ya Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Donor Type

Abstract Background: The MYB family of proteins is a large group of transcription factors found in all eukaryotes studied to date that has expanded significantly in plants where they are involved in a wide diversity of processes from development to abiotic stress responses. The overexpression of various MYB genes has been reported to improve stress tolerance in different plant species. However, due to the variety of plant species studied and the types of gene donors/recipients, along with different experimental conditions, it is difficult to interpret the roles of MYB genes in abiotic stress tolerance from published data.Result: We investigated the plant characteristics involved in cold, drought, and salt stress in MYB-overexpressing plants through the meta-analysis approach, and analyzed the degrees of influence on plant performance by experimental variables. The results show that two of the four measured plant parameters in cold-stressed plants, two of the six in drought-stressed, and four of the 13 in salt-stressed were significantly impacted by MYB overexpression by 22% or more. By contrast, only two of the 13 plant parameters were significantly impacted in non-stressed plants by 18% or more. Conclusions: These data suggest that the treatment medium, donor/recipient species, and donor type significantly influence the effects of MYB overexpression on drought stress tolerance. Under salt stress, the donor/recipient species, donor type, and stress duration all significantly affected the extent of MYB-mediated salt stress tolerance. This study compiles and analyzes the data across studies to help us understand the complex interactions that dictate the efficacy of heterologous MYB expression designed for improved abiotic stress tolerance in plants.

scholarly journals Selection for salinity tolerance in an international rice collection at vegetative stage

2019 ◽  
pp. 837-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Nayyeripasand ◽  
Ghasem Ali Garosi ◽  
Asadollah Ahmadikhah
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Tolerance Indices

Water and soil salinity as the main abiotic stresses decrease crop yield and restrict the use of agricultural lands. In order to assess salt stress effect on seedling growth of rice and to select more tolerant rice genotypes, a factorial experiment was performed at two levels of NaCl namely non-stress (EC 1.2 dS m−1) and salt-stress (EC 10 dS m−1) in hydroponics with an international rice collection consisted of 155 varieties. Seven stress tolerance indices including STI, SSI, HM, RDI, SSPI, ATI and TOL were used to identify salt tolerant genotypes. The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of genotypes (G), Salt treatment (T) and G×T interaction were significant for all investigated traits (except for the effect of genotypes on shoot length). Under salt stress most genotypes showed similar trend of salt response, i.e. reduction in all traits. The results also revealed that dry weight (DW) was less affected than fresh weight (FW), and the shoot weight (SW) was affected more than the root weight (RW), indicating that shoot growth is more sensitive than root growth to salt stress. The Na+, K+ and Na+:K+ ratio were increased more than 713%, reduced 22% and increased more than 996% under salt stress, respectively. Four stress tolerance indices including MP, HM, GMP and STI showed highest correlation with each other and also with plant performance (Z-scores) under both normal and stress conditions; thus each of these indices can be used as the suitable indicators for screening salt tolerant genotypes. Based on the results, genotypes #84, #30 and #48 showed the highest performance and STI under salinity condition, so they have considerable potential to improve salt tolerance in rice breeding programs. In addition, genotypes #178, #198 and #6 with the lowest values of STI were found to be intolerant genotypes to salt stress.

Effect of planting time on the performance of broccoli under Mizoram conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Donnie Lalfakzuala Kawlni ◽  
Chhungpuii Khawlhring
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Production ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cultural Requirements

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), a popular vegetable crop, has one of the most exacting climatic and cultural requirements, which limit its commercial production to a few favored locations. A field experiment was conducted at Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram during winter of 2013/2014 to find out the effect of time of sowing on plant performance and yield of broccoli. Six sowing time was done viz. 17 October (T1), 24 October (T2), 31 October (T3), 7 November (T4), 14 November (T5) and 21 November (T6) with plant spacing of 45cm x 45cm. Yield and yield contributing characters were significantly influenced by the planting time. Highest average weight of marketable curd per plant (199.20 g) was obtained from T2, whereas lowest average weight obtained from T6 (75 g). The influence of planting time also showed significant difference on the calculated yield (tonnes per hectare) of broccoli, in which T2 showed highest marketable yield of 9.83 t/ha.

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