scholarly journals Bioelectronics-on-a-chip for Cardiomyoblast Proliferation Enhancement Using Electric Field Stimulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Aragon ◽  
María Cebro-Márquez ◽  
Eliseo Perez ◽  
Antonio Pazos ◽  
Ricardo Lage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Culture Chamber ◽  
Glass Coverslip ◽  
Soda Lime Glass Substrate

Abstract Background:Cardiomyoblast generation from conventional approaches is laborious and time-consuming. We present a bioelectronics on-a-chip for stimulating cells cardio myoblast proliferation during culture. Method:The bioelectronics chip fabrication methodology involves two different process. In the first step, an aluminum layer of 200 nm is deposited over a soda-lime glass substrate using physical vapor deposition and selectively removed using a Q-switched Nd:YVO4laser to create the electric tracks. To perform the experiments, we developed a biochip composed of a cell culture chamber fabricated withpolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a glass coverslip placed over the electric circuit tracks.By using such a glass coverslip we avoid any toxic reactions caused by electrodes in the culture or may be degraded by electrochemical reactions with the cell medium, which is crucial to determine the effective cell-device coupling. Results:The chip was used to study the effect of electricfield stimulation of Rat ventricular cardiomyoblasts cells (H9c2). Results shows a remarkable increase in the number of H9c2 cells for the stimulated samples, where after 72 hours the cell density double the cell density of control samples. Conclusions:Cell proliferation of Rat ventricular cardiomyoblasts cells (H9c2) using the bioelectronics-on-a-chip was enhanced upon the electrical stimulation. The dependence on the geometrical characteristics of the electric circuit on the peak value and homogeneity of the electric field generated are analyzed and proper parameters to ensure a homogeneous electric field at the cell culture chamber are obtained. It can also be observed a high dependence of the electric field on the geometry of the electrostimulator circuit tracks and envisage the potential applications on electrophysiology studies, monitoring and modulate cellular behavior through the application of electric fields

scholarly journals Bioelectronics-on-a-chip for cardio myoblast proliferation enhancement using electric field stimulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Aragón ◽  
María Cebro-Márquez ◽  
Eliseo Perez ◽  
Antonio Pazos ◽  
Ricardo Lage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Field Stimulation ◽  
Culture Chamber ◽  
Culture Dish ◽  
Electric Field Stimulation ◽  
Myoblast Proliferation ◽  
A Cell

Abstract Background Cardio myoblast generation from conventional approaches is laborious and time-consuming. We present a bioelectronics on-a-chip for stimulating cells cardio myoblast proliferation during culture. Method The bioelectronics chip fabrication methodology involves two different process. In the first step, an aluminum layer of 200 nm is deposited over a soda-lime glass substrate using physical vapor deposition and selectively removed using a Q-switched Nd:YVO4 laser to create the electric tracks. To perform the experiments, we developed a biochip composed of a cell culture chamber fabricated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a glass coverslip or a cell culture dish placed over the electric circuit tracks. By using such a glass cover slip or cell culture dish we avoid any toxic reactions caused by electrodes in the culture or may be degraded by electrochemical reactions with the cell medium, which is crucial to determine the effective cell-device coupling. Results The chip was used to study the effect of electric field stimulation of Rat ventricular cardiomyoblasts cells (H9c2). Results shows a remarkable increase in the number of H9c2 cells for the stimulated samples, where after 72 h the cell density double the cell density of control samples. Conclusions Cell proliferation of Rat ventricular cardiomyoblasts cells (H9c2) using the bioelectronics-on-a-chip was enhanced upon the electrical stimulation. The dependence on the geometrical characteristics of the electric circuit on the peak value and homogeneity of the electric field generated are analyzed and proper parameters to ensure a homogeneous electric field at the cell culture chamber are obtained. It can also be observed a high dependence of the electric field on the geometry of the electrostimulator circuit tracks and envisage the potential applications on electrophysiology studies, monitoring and modulate cellular behavior through the application of electric fields.

scholarly journals Bioelectronics-on-a-chip for cardio myoblast proliferation enhancement using electric field stimulation.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Aragon ◽  
María Cebro-Márquez ◽  
Eliseo Perez ◽  
Antonio Pazos ◽  
Ricardo Lage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Field Stimulation ◽  
Culture Chamber ◽  
Culture Dish ◽  
Electric Field Stimulation ◽  
Myoblast Proliferation ◽  
A Cell

Abstract Background: Cardio myoblast generation from conventional approaches is laborious and time-consuming. We present a bioelectronics on-a-chip for stimulating cells cardio myoblast proliferation during culture. Method: The bioelectronics chip fabrication methodology involves two different process. In the first step, an aluminum layer of 200 nm is deposited over a soda-lime glass substrate using physical vapor deposition and selectively removed using a Q-switched Nd:YVO4 laser to create the electric tracks. To perform the experiments, we developed a biochip composed of a cell culture chamber fabricated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a glass coverslip or a cell culture dish placed over the electric circuit tracks. By using such a glass cover slip or cell culture dish we avoid any toxic reactions caused by electrodes in the culture or may be degraded by electrochemical reactions with the cell medium, which is crucial to determine the effective cell-device coupling. Results: The chip was used to study the effect of electric field stimulation of Rat ventricular cardiomyoblasts cells (H9c2). Results shows a remarkable increase in the number of H9c2 cells for the stimulated samples, where after 72 hours the cell density double the cell density of control samples. Conclusions: Cell proliferation of Rat ventricular cardiomyoblasts cells (H9c2) using the bioelectronics-on-a-chip was enhanced upon the electrical stimulation. The dependence on the geometrical characteristics of the electric circuit on the peak value and homogeneity of the electric field generated are analyzed and proper parameters to ensure a homogeneous electric field at the cell culture chamber are obtained. It can also be observed a high dependence of the electric field on the geometry of the electrostimulator circuit tracks and envisage the potential applications on electrophysiology studies, monitoring and modulate cellular behavior through the application of electric fields

Growth of CuInSe2 crystals in Cu-rich Cu–In–Se thin films

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1456-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Wada ◽  
Naoki Kohara ◽  
Takayuki Negami ◽  
Mikihiko Nishitani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Impurity Phase ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Soda Lime Glass Substrate ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Topotactic Reaction

A Cu-rich CuInSe2 (CIS) thin film with an atomic ratio of Cu/In = 3.6 was characterized using high-resolution and analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The film was deposited on a Mo coated soda-lime glass substrate by physical vapor deposition. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) showed that a secondary impurity phase such as Cu2Se segregated on the CIS surface. The three-dimensional crystallographic relationship between the Cu2Se and CIS was found to be (111)Cu2Se (111)CIS and [011]Cu2Se || [011]CIS where the Cu2Se and CIS had pseudocubic structures with a = 5.8 Å and a = 11.6 Å, respectively. CuPt type CIS could be observed near the interface between the Cu2Se and CIS. A growth model of CIS crystals under Cu and Se excess condition is proposed based on the results of TEM. The characteristics of the CIS growth model in Cu-rich CIS film are summarized as follows: (i) CIS crystals are produced from Cu2Se crystals by a “topotactic reaction,” and (ii) sphalerite and/or CuPt type CIS are produced first after the reaction, and (iii) the metastable sphalerite and/or CuPt type CIS is then transformed to the stable chalcopyrite CIS phase.

A Method of Estimating Electric Fields above Electrified Clouds from Passive Microwave Observations

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1429-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Peterson ◽  
Chuntao Liu ◽  
Douglas Mach ◽  
Wiebke Deierling ◽  
Christina Kalb
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Passive Microwave ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Global Electric Circuit ◽  
Convective Clouds ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
Future Utility ◽  
Unique Dataset

AbstractA unique dataset of coincident high-altitude passive microwave and electric field observations taken by the NASA ER-2 aircraft is used to assess the feasibility of estimating electric fields above electrified clouds using ubiquitous global and multidecadal satellite products. Once applied to a global dataset, such a product would provide a unique approach for diagnosing and monitoring the current sources of the global electric circuit (GEC).In this study an algorithm has been developed that employs ice scattering signals from 37- and 85-GHz passive microwave observations to characterize the electric fields above clouds overflown by the ER-2 aircraft at nearly 20-km altitude. Electric field estimates produced by this passive microwave algorithm are then compared to electric field observations also taken by the aircraft to assess its potential future utility with satellite datasets. The algorithm is shown to estimate observed electric field strengths over intense convective clouds at least 71% (58%) of the time over land and 43% (40%) of the time over the ocean to within a factor of 2 from 85-GHz (37 GHz) passive microwave observations. Electric fields over weaker clouds can be estimated 58% (41%) of the time over land and 22% (8%) of the time over the ocean from 85-GHz (37 GHz) passive microwave observations. The accuracy of these estimates is limited by systematic errors in the observations along with other factors. Despite these sources of error, the algorithm can produce reasonable estimates of electric fields over carefully selected individual electrified clouds that differ from observations by less than 20 V m−1 for clouds that produce 200–400 V m−1 electric fields at 20 km.

Tuning the Electric Field Response of MOFs by Rotatable Dipolar Linkers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes P. Dürholt ◽  
Babak Farhadi Jahromi ◽  
Rochus Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Dielectric Behavior ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Electric Response ◽  
Dipole Strength ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Recently the possibility of using electric fields as a further stimulus to trigger structural changes in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been investigated. In general, rotatable groups or other types of mechanical motion can be driven by electric fields. In this study we demonstrate how the electric response of MOFs can be tuned by adding rotatable dipolar linkers, generating a material that exhibits paralectric behavior in two dimensions and dielectric behavior in one dimension. The suitability of four different methods to compute the relative permittivity κ by means of molecular dynamics simulations was validated. The dependency of the permittivity on temperature T and dipole strength μ was determined. It was found that the herein investigated systems exhibit a high degree of tunability and substantially larger dielectric constants as expected for MOFs in general. The temperature dependency of κ obeys the Curie-Weiss law. In addition, the influence of dipolar linkers on the electric field induced breathing behavior was investigated. With increasing dipole moment, lower field strength are required to trigger the contraction. These investigations set the stage for an application of such systems as dielectric sensors, order-disorder ferroelectrics or any scenario where movable dipolar fragments respond to external electric fields.

scholarly journals Meta-Deflectors Made of Dielectric Nanohole Arrays with Anti-Damage Potential

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Haichao Yu ◽  
Feng Tang ◽  
Jingjun Wu ◽  
Zao Yi ◽  
Xin Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Laser Cutting ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Optical Components ◽  
Nanohole Arrays ◽  
Intense Light ◽  
Polarization Of Light ◽  
Air Hole

In intense-light systems, the traditional discrete optical components lead to high complexity and high cost. Metasurfaces, which have received increasing attention due to the ability to locally manipulate the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light, are promising for addressing this issue. In the study, a metasurface-based reflective deflector is investigated which is composed of silicon nanohole arrays that confine the strongest electric field in the air zone. Subsequently, the in-air electric field does not interact with the silicon material directly, attenuating the optothermal effect that causes laser damage. The highest reflectance of nanoholes can be above 99% while the strongest electric fields are tuned into the air zone. One presentative deflector is designed based on these nanoholes with in-air-hole field confinement and anti-damage potential. The 1st order of the meta-deflector has the highest reflectance of 55.74%, and the reflectance sum of all the orders of the meta-deflector is 92.38%. The optothermal simulations show that the meta-deflector can theoretically handle a maximum laser density of 0.24 W/µm2. The study provides an approach to improving the anti-damage property of the reflective phase-control metasurfaces for intense-light systems, which can be exploited in many applications, such as laser scalpels, laser cutting devices, etc.

scholarly journals Integrating flexible electronics for pulsed electric field delivery in a vascularized 3D glioblastoma model

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie C. Lefevre ◽  
Gerwin Dijk ◽  
Attila Kaszas ◽  
Martin Baca ◽  
David Moreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Multiphoton Microscopy ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Pulsed Electric Fields ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity

AbstractGlioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor, very invasive and thus difficult to eradicate with standard oncology therapies. Bioelectric treatments based on pulsed electric fields have proven to be a successful method to treat cancerous tissues. However, they rely on stiff electrodes, which cause acute and chronic injuries, especially in soft tissues like the brain. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of delivering pulsed electric fields with flexible electronics using an in ovo vascularized tumor model. We show with fluorescence widefield and multiphoton microscopy that pulsed electric fields induce vasoconstriction of blood vessels and evoke calcium signals in vascularized glioblastoma spheroids stably expressing a genetically encoded fluorescence reporter. Simulations of the electric field delivery are compared with the measured influence of electric field effects on cell membrane integrity in exposed tumor cells. Our results confirm the feasibility of flexible electronics as a means of delivering intense pulsed electric fields to tumors in an intravital 3D vascularized model of human glioblastoma.

scholarly journals Electro-Optic Control of Lithium Niobate Bulk Whispering Gallery Resonators: Analysis of the Distribution of Externally Applied Electric Fields

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Yannick Minet ◽  
Hans Zappe ◽  
Ingo Breunig ◽  
Karsten Buse
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Frequency Comb ◽  
Parametric Oscillation ◽  
Pockels Effect ◽  
Optical Mode ◽  
Cylindrical Resonator ◽  
Whispering Gallery ◽  
Electro Optic

Whispering gallery resonators made out of lithium niobate allow for optical parametric oscillation and frequency comb generation employing the outstanding second-order nonlinear-optical properties of this material. An important knob to tune and control these processes is, e.g., the linear electro-optic effect, the Pockels effect via externally applied electric fields. Due to the shape of the resonators a precise prediction of the electric field strength that affects the optical mode is non-trivial. Here, we study the average strength of the electric field in z-direction in the region of the optical mode for different configurations and geometries of lithium niobate whispering gallery resonators with the help of the finite element method. We find that in some configurations almost 100% is present in the cavity compared to the ideal case of a cylindrical resonator. Even in the case of a few-mode resonator with a very thin rim we find a strength of 90%. Our results give useful design considerations for future arrangements that may benefit from the strong electro-optic effect in bulk whispering gallery resonators made out of lithium niobate.

scholarly journals Mapping the molecular basis for growth related phenotypes in industrial producer CHO cell lines using differential proteomic analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bryan ◽  
Michael Henry ◽  
Ronan M. Kelly ◽  
Christopher C. Frye ◽  
Matthew D. Osborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Viable Cell Density ◽  
High Peak ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Cho Cell ◽  
Extended Culture ◽  
Key Pathways

Abstract Background The ability to achieve high peak viable cell density earlier in CHO cell culture and maintain an extended cell viability throughout the production process is highly desirable to increase recombinant protein yields, reduce host cell impurities for downstream processing and reduce the cost of goods. In this study we implemented label-free LC-MS/MS proteomic profiling of IgG4 producing CHO cell lines throughout the duration of the cell culture to identify differentially expressed (DE) proteins and intracellular pathways associated with the high peak viable cell density (VCD) and extended culture VCD phenotypes. Results We identified key pathways in DNA replication, mitotic cell cycle and evasion of p53 mediated apoptosis in high peak VCD clonally derived cell lines (CDCLs). ER to Golgi vesicle mediated transport was found to be highly expressed in extended culture VCD CDCLs while networks involving endocytosis and oxidative stress response were significantly downregulated. Conclusion This investigation highlights key pathways for targeted engineering to generate desirable CHO cell phenotypes for biotherapeutic production.

scholarly journals Double layers in the downward current region of the aurora

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Ergun ◽  
L. Andersson ◽  
C. W. Carlson ◽  
D. L. Newman ◽  
M. V. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Phase Space ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Parallel Electric Field ◽  
Electrostatic Waves ◽  
Current Region ◽  
Decisive Evidence

Abstract. Direct observations of magnetic-field-aligned (parallel) electric fields in the downward current region of the aurora provide decisive evidence of naturally occurring double layers. We report measurements of parallel electric fields, electron fluxes and ion fluxes related to double layers that are responsible for particle acceleration. The observations suggest that parallel electric fields organize into a structure of three distinct, narrowly-confined regions along the magnetic field (B). In the "ramp" region, the measured parallel electric field forms a nearly-monotonic potential ramp that is localized to ~ 10 Debye lengths along B. The ramp is moving parallel to B at the ion acoustic speed (vs) and in the same direction as the accelerated electrons. On the high-potential side of the ramp, in the "beam" region, an unstable electron beam is seen for roughly another 10 Debye lengths along B. The electron beam is rapidly stabilized by intense electrostatic waves and nonlinear structures interpreted as electron phase-space holes. The "wave" region is physically separated from the ramp by the beam region. Numerical simulations reproduce a similar ramp structure, beam region, electrostatic turbulence region and plasma characteristics as seen in the observations. These results suggest that large double layers can account for the parallel electric field in the downward current region and that intense electrostatic turbulence rapidly stabilizes the accelerated electron distributions. These results also demonstrate that parallel electric fields are directly associated with the generation of large-amplitude electron phase-space holes and plasma waves.

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