scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance, Phylogenetic Typing and Virulence Genes Profile Analysis of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolated From Patients in Southern Iraq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Allami ◽  
Masoumeh Bahreini ◽  
Mohammad Reza Sharifmoghadam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Southern Iraq

Abstract Of the most common infectious diseases that occur mainly by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is urinary tract infections (UTIs). The purpose of this study was to investigate virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, and phylogenetic groups among UPEC strains isolated from patients with UTI in southern Iraq. A total of 100 UPEC isolates were collected from urine samples of UTI patients from various hospitals in southern Iraq, and confirmed by morphological and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing on isolates was performed by disk diffusion method. Multiplex PCR technique was used to evaluate the phylogenetic groups and the presence of six virulence factor genes; type 1 fimbria (fimH), A-fimbrial adhesion (afa), hemolysin (hly), fimbrial adhesins P (papC), cytotoxic necrosis factor 1 (cnf1), and aerobactin (aer). The majority of isolates belonged to the phylogenetic groups of B2 (55%) and D (32%). The most prevalent virulence factors were fimH (96%), followed by aer (47%), papC (36%), cnf1 (17%), hly (15%), and afa (8%). Phenotypic testing showed that the isolates were most resistant to piperacillin, ticarcillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (92%, 91%, and 88%, respectively) and most sensitive to amikacin and imipenem, respectively. The maximum antibiotic resistance and virulence factors were observed in the phylogenetic group B2. The results showed that the UPEC isolates had all six virulence factors with high frequency and the highest drug resistance. Besides, the results showed a direct relationship between virulence factors, gene diversity, phylogenetic background, and antimicrobial resistance in the UPEC isolates.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Resistance to Quinolone and Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics and Screening of qnr Genes Among Escherichia coli Isolates From Urinary Tract Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohadese Amiri ◽  
Maziar Jajarmi ◽  
Reza Ghanbarpour
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Antibiotic resistance (AR) is an important challenge in prevention, treatment and control of infectious diseases and is a public health threat for human. Escherichia coli strains are the major causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Objective: This research aimed to determine prevalence of resistance to quinolone and fluoroquinolone antibiotics and screen qnr genes among E. coli isolates from UTIs. Materials and Methods: A total of 105 E. coli isolates were obtained from UTI cases in Bojnord city (northeast of Iran) and confirmed by biochemical tests. All strains were studied to determine their resistance to 3 antibiotics including ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and levofloxacin via disk diffusion method. Moreover, the frequency of qnrA, qnrB and qnrS genes and phylogroups was studied by conventional Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: In this study, prevalence of phenotypic AR to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and levofloxacin was 47.6%, 44.8% and 38.1%, respectively. Three isolates were positive for qnrS and 1 isolate was positive for qnrA. Seven phylogenetic groups were also identified as follows: 18% A0, 6.7% A1, 7.6% B1, 1.9% B22, 23.8% B23, 15.3% D1 and 26.7% D2. Conclusion: Prevalence of qnr genes was very low; thus, other types of qnr and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes were probably responsible for the resistance. Phenotypic AR to the 3 antibiotics was found in approximately half of E. coli strains. It is strongly recommended that antibiogram tests should be done before prescribing the ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and levofloxacin for UTIs.

scholarly journals Drug resistance, serotypes, and phylogenetic groups among uropathogenic Escherichia coli including O25-ST131 in Mexico City

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 840-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Molina-López ◽  
Gerardo Aparicio-Ozores ◽  
Rosa María Ribas-Aparicio ◽  
Sandra Gavilanes-Parra ◽  
María Elena Chávez-Berrocal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pcr Multiplex ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: The increasing prevalence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains resistant to multiple antibiotics complicates the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to analyze the antimicrobial resistance, serotypes, and phylogenetic groups among strains of E. coli isolated from outpatients with UTIs in Mexico City. Methodology: A total of 119 E. coli isolates were recovered from urine samples from outpatients with clinical diagnosis of uncomplicated UTIs from 2004 to 2007. The serotype was assessed by agglutination in microtiter plates; susceptibility to antimicrobials was determined by the disk diffusion method. Clone O25-ST131 and phylogenetic groups of E. coli strains were tested by methods based on PCR multiplex. Results: The predominant serotype was O25:H4 (21.2%). Resistance to antibiotics was ampicillin (83.7%); piperacillin (53.8%); the fluoroquinolone group (55.5-60.6%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) (56.4%). Additionally, 36 (30.2%) isolates were multidrug-resistant and 13 of these 36 strains were identified as E. coli O25-ST131 clone by an allele-specific PCR-based assay. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 15 of 17 isolates with serotype O25:H4 belonged to group B2. Conclusions: This is the first report that establishes the presence in Mexico of the O25-ST131 clonal group of E. coli, which has been associated with multidrug-resistance and with high virulence potential. The spread of this clone in Mexico should be monitored closely. We found a correlation between serotype O25:H4 and multidrug resistance in UPEC strains. Our results indicate that the use of ampicillin, fluoroquinolones, and TMP/SMX should be reviewed when selecting empirical therapy for UTIs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons among the multidrug resistant uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haddadi Azam ◽  
Somayeh Mikaili Ghezeljeh ◽  
Shavandi Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Integrase Gene ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Multidrug resistance is a serious problem in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Horizontal gene transfer, directed by strong selective pressure of antibiotics, has resulted in the widespread distribution of multiple antibiotic resistance genes. The dissemination of resistance genes is enhanced when they are trapped in integrons. Objectives To determine the prevalence of integrons among multidrug resistant Escherichia coli strains collected from regional hospitals and private clinical laboratories in Alborz province. Methods The susceptibility of 111 clinical Escherichia coli isolates was tested using a Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method for common antibiotics. Isolates were screened for the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) using a double disk synergy test. The existence of integrons was confirmed by amplification of the integrase gene and their class determined via analysis of PCR products by PCR-RFLP. Results Isolates showed the highest resistance to amoxicillin. Nitrofurantoin, amikacin, and ceftizoxime were the most effective antibiotics in vitro. Eighty-eight isolates of 111 (79%) were resistant to more than three unrelated drugs. We found 30% of the multidrug resistant isolates harbor integrons. Class 1 and 2 integrons were detected in 25 and 1 isolates, respectively. ESBL screening of strains showed 45 isolates (40%) were positive; 22% of the ESBL-positive isolates carried class 1 integrons and the frequency of MDR in ESBLpositive isolates was 93%. Conclusion The existence of integrons in only 29.5% of multidrug resistant isolates showed that besides integrons, antibiotic resistance genes were probably carried on other transferable elements lacking integrons, such as transposons or plasmids.

scholarly journals Uropathogens from diabetic patients in Libya: virulence factors and phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli isolates

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1006-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh ◽  
Einass Elkateb ◽  
Nuri Berbash ◽  
Rania Abdel Nada ◽  
Salwa F. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Phylogenetic Grouping ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are reported mainly from developed countries. In addition to this underreporting from developing countries, there is a lack of information pertaining to the virulence factors (VFs) and phylogenetic grouping of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) from DM and non-DM patients in developing countries. Between July 2005 and June 2006, urine specimens were collected from 135 DM and 164 non-DM patients, all with clinically diagnosed UTIs, attending Elkhadra Hospital and the Diabetic Center in Tripoli, Libya. Specimens were examined for different uropathogens using standard microbiological procedures. Isolated uropathogens were tested for their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents by a disc diffusion method. In addition, UPEC was grouped phylogenetically by PCR and subsequently tested for 19 VFs. Uropathogens were isolated from 77 (57 %) of the DM group and from 110 (67 %) of the non-DM group (P >0.05). E. coli was isolated from 18 (13 %) and 29 (18 %), Klebsiella species from 18 (13 %) and 23 (14 %), and Staphylococcus aureus from 12 (9 %) and 12 (7 %) of the DM and non-DM groups, respectively (P >0.05). Age, gender, education level and marital status had no significant influence on the isolation rates of different organisms from the DM group compared with the non-DM group. With very few exceptions, no differences were observed in the antimicrobial resistance profiles of uropathogens from the DM and non-DM patients. In addition, UPEC from the DM patients was significantly less virulent and was associated with phylogenetic group A, whilst UPEC from the non-DM patients was significantly more virulent and was associated with group D. The results of our surveillance of UTI infections in DM patients agree, in general, with observations reported previously from several developed countries.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance pattern and phylogenetic groups of the uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections in Hamedan, west of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Bakhtiari ◽  
Hassan Mahmoudi ◽  
Sara Khosravi Seftjani ◽  
Mohammad Ali Amirzargar ◽  
Sima Ghiasvand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Group A ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and Objectives: Escherichia coli is the most common causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 90-80% of patients in all age groups. Phylogenetic groups of these bacteria are variable and the most known groups are A, B1, B2 and D. The present study aimed to evaluate the phylogenetic groups of E. coli samples obtained from UTIs and their relation with antibiotic resistance patterns of isolates. Materials and Methods: In this study 113 E. coli isolates were isolated from distinct patients with UTIs referred to Hamadan hospitals. After biochemical and molecular identification of the isolates, typing and phylogenetic grouping of E. coli strains were performed using multiplex PCR targeting chu, yjaA and TSPE4.C2 genes. The anti-microbial susceptibility of the isolates to amikacin, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, imipenem, aztreonam, gentamicin, meropenem, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid and cefazolin was determined using disk diffusion method. Results: Of 113 isolates, 50 (44.2%), 35 (31%), 23 (20.4%) and 5 (4.4%) of samples belonged to group B2, group D, group A and group B1 phylogenetic groups respectively. All isolates were susceptible to meropenem, imipenem (100%), followed by amikacin (99.1%). The highest resistance rates were observed against ampicillin (74.3%) and nalidixic acid (70.8%). Correlation between phylogenetic groups and antibiotic susceptibilities was significant only with co-amoxiclav (P = 0.006), which had the highest resistance in phylogenetic group A. Conclusion: Prevalence of different phylogroup and resistance associated with them in E. coli samples could be variable in each region. Therefore, investigating of these items in E. coli infections, could be more helpful in selecting the appropriate antibiotic treatment and epidemiological studies.

scholarly journals Shiga Toxin-ProducingEscherichia coliIsolated from Bovine Mastitic Milk: Serogroups, Virulence Factors, and Antibiotic Resistance Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Momtaz ◽  
Farhad Safarpoor Dehkordi ◽  
Taghi Taktaz ◽  
Amir Rezvani ◽  
Sajad Yarali
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Mastitic Milk ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Properties

The aim of this study was to detect the virulence factors, serogroups, and antibiotic resistance properties of Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli, by using 268 bovine mastitic milk samples which were diagnosed using California Mastitis Test. AfterE. coliidentification, PCR assays were developed for detection of different virulence genes, serogroups, and antibiotic resistance genes ofEscherichia coli. The antibiotic resistance pattern was studied using disk diffusion method. Out of 268 samples, 73 (27.23%) were positive forEscherichia coli, and, out of 73 positive samples, 15 (20.54%) were O26 and 11 (15.06%) were O157 so they were the highest while O111 was not detected in any sample so it was the lowest serogroup. Out of 73 STEC strains, 11 (15.06%) and 36 (49.31%) were EHEC and AEEC, respectively. All of the EHEC strains hadstx1,eaeA, andehly, virulence genes, while in AEEC strainsstx1had the highest prevalence (77.77%), followed byeaeA(55.55%). Totally,aadA1(65.95%) had the highest whileblaSHV(6.38%) had the lowest prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes. The disk diffusion method showed that the STEC strains had the highest resistance to penicillin (100%), followed by tetracycline (57.44%), while resistance to cephalothin (6.38%) was the lowest.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic characterization of serum plus antibiotic-resistant extraintestinal Escherichia coli obtained from the liver of poultry carcasses in Pernambuco

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1069-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata V. Vaz ◽  
Gisele V. Gouveia ◽  
Nelito M.J. Andrade ◽  
Mateus M. da Costa ◽  
Jose V. Lima-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Serum Resistance ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Phylogenetic Characterization

ABSTRACT: In this study, avian extraintestinal Escherichia coli obtained from the liver of poultry carcasses approved for human consumption in the State of Pernambuco-Brazil were tested for antibiotic plus serum-resistance. Liver samples (n=110) were obtained from one slaughterhouse and 88 bacterial isolates were identified as Escherichia coli. The antibiotic-resistance profiles of antibiotics used in human and/or veterinary practice were accessed by the disk-diffusion method. Phenotypes with high resistance to streptomycin (84.0%), tetracycline (44.7%), amikacin (29.8%), gentamicin (21.3%) and ciprofloxacin (21.3%) were identified. Resistance to antibiotics such as ceftazidime, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and imipenem was also recorded. Twenty isolates with distinct antibiotic-resistance and susceptibility profiles were selected for serum resistance assays, phylogenetic characterization and detection of the iss gene. We have shown that multidrug resistant isolates were often simultaneously resistant to broiler and human sera. Phylogenetic characterization of serum- plus antibiotic-resistant isolates have shown three belonging to group D, eleven to group B1, one to group B2, and five to group A. We concluded that commensal E. coli strains isolated from the liver of healthy poultry carcasses can harbor and potentially share multidrug- plus virulence genes found in pathogenic pathotypes. This suspicion was not related to specific phylogenetic groups or presence of the iss gene.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and O-Serogroups in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Iraqi Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Jassim Mohammed ◽  
Mohammed Allami ◽  
Mohammadreza Sharifmoghaddam ◽  
Masoumeh Bahreini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Background: The O-antigen is one of the uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) virulence factors used as a biomarker to classify E. coli strains. Objectives: In this study, the relationship between antibiotic resistance patterns and O-serogroups was investigated in UPEC strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in southern Iraq. Methods: Methods: A total of 100 UPEC isolates from the urine specimens of patients with UTIs within the age range of 4 months to 78 years in various southern Iraqi hospitals were collected (May 2017 to January 2018) and confirmed using biochemical tests (e.g., Analytical Profile Index 20E). Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using the disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The multiple polymerase chain reaction technique was applied to investigate the prevalence of O-serogroups. Results: Results: The most frequent serogroups in the E. coli isolates were O8 (27.7%) and O25 (24.4%); however, serogroup O83 was not observed in the samples. Serogroups O75, O6, O16, and O18 had the lowest frequency (1.1%) among the examined isolates. Furthermore, 10% of the isolates did not belong to any of the examined serogroups. The phenotypic tests showed that the highest and the lowest resistance belonged to piperacillin (92%) and imipenem (5%), respectively. Serogroups O4 and O21 showed the highest drug resistance; nevertheless, serogroups O75, O18, and O1 showed the lowest drug resistance. Additionally, 94% of the isolates were resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics. Conclusions: Conclusion: According to the results, UPEC isolates showed high resistance to common antibiotics; however, they were sensitive to imipenem and amikacin. Serogroups O8 and O25 were the most common among UPEC isolates. Moreover, O4 and O21 showed the highest drug resistance. There was a direct relationship between antimicrobial resistance and O-serogroups in UPEC isolates.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance of Uropathogens Isolated from Patients Hospitalized in District Hospital in Central Poland in 2020

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Barbara Kot ◽  
Agata Grużewska ◽  
Piotr Szweda ◽  
Jolanta Wicha ◽  
Urszula Parulska
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Tract Infections

The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance patterns and the prevalence of uropathogenes causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients hospitalized in January–June 2020 in central Poland. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk-diffusion method. Escherichia coli (52.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.7%), Enterococcus faecalis (9.3%), E. faecium (6.2%), and Proteus mirabilis (4,3%) were most commonly isolated from urine samples. E. coli was significantly more frequent in women (58.6%) (p = 0.0089) and in the age group 0–18, while K. pneumoniae was more frequent in men (24.4%) (p = 0.0119) and in individuals aged 40–60 and >60. Gram-negative species showed resistance to ampicillin. K. pneumoniae were resistant to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (75.0%), piperacillin plus tazobactam (76.2%), cefotaxime (76.2%), cefuroxime (81.0%), ciprofloxacin (81.0%), and trimethoprim plus sulphamethoxazole (81.0%). Carbapenems were effective against all E. coli and P. mirabilis. Some K. pneumoniae (13.6%) produced metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). E. coli (22.6%), K. pneumoniae (81.8%), and all E. faecium were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Some E. coli (26.2%), K. pneumoniae (63.6%), and P. mirabilis (14.3%) isolates produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium was also found. This study showed that the possibilities of UTIs therapy using available antibiotics become limited due to the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens.

scholarly journals The relationship between phylogenetic classification, virulence and antibiotic resistance of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in İzmir province, Turkey

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Bozcal ◽  
Vahap Eldem ◽  
Sohret Aydemir ◽  
Mikael Skurnik
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Phylogenetic Group ◽  
Multi Locus Sequence Typing ◽  
Partial Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Classification ◽  
Tract Infections

Background Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is an important bacterium and responsible for many bloodstream infections, including urinary tract infections and even fatal bacteremia. The aim of this research was to investigate whether ExPEC strains isolated from Turkish blood cultures have a relationship between 16S rRNA based phylogenetic clusters and antibiotic resistance profiles, virulence factors or clonal lineages. Methods Phenotypically identified ExPEC blood culture isolates (n = 104) were included in this study. The 16S rRNA partial sequence analysis was performed for genotypic identification of ExPEC isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase testing of isolates were performed. Phylogenetic classification (A, B1, B2 and D), Multi Locus Sequence Typing analysis and virulence-associated genes were investigated. Results Based on 16S rRNA partial sequence analysis, 97 out of 104 (93.26%) ExPEC isolates were confirmed as E. coli. Ampicillin (74.22%) and cefuroxime axetil (65.97%) resistances had the highest frequencies among the ExPEC isolates. In terms of phylogenetic classification of ExPEC, D (38.14%, 37/97) was the most prevalent group after A (29.89%, 29/97), B2 (20.61%, 20/97), and B1 (11.34%, 11/97). The sequence types of the 20 ExPEC isolates belonging to the B2 phylogenetic group were analyzed by Multi Locus Sequence Typing. Ten isolates out of 20 (50.0%) were identified as ST131. The other STs were ST95 (n = 1), ST14 (n = 1), ST10 (n = 1), ST69 (n = 1), ST1722 (n = 2), ST141 (n = 1), ST88 (n = 1), ST80 (n = 1), and ST998 (n = 1). Of the ST131 strains, six (60%, 6/10) represented serogroup O25. The most common virulence factor genes were serum resistance factor gene, traT (55.7%) aerobactin siderophore receptor and yersiniabactin encoding genes iutA (45.3%) and fyuA (50.5%), respectively. In addition, PAI (41.2%), iroN (23.7%), hlyA (15.4%), kpsII (13.4%), ompT (13.4%), papG (12.4%), iss (9.3%), cnf1 (7.2%), ibeA (2.06%), and sfaS (2.06%) genes were present in the ExPEC isolates. Conclusion The 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic relationship tree analysis showed that a large cluster was present among 97 ExPEC isolates along with related reference strains. There were 21 main clusters with 32 closely related subclusters. Based on our findings, different clonal lineages of ExPEC can display different antibiotic susceptibilities and virulence properties. We also concluded that virulence factors were not distributed depending on phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2, and D). The ExPEC isolates belonging to the same phylogenetic group and sequence type could display different resistance and virulence characteristics.

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