scholarly journals Ectoparasites infecting Mugil curema (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) in Amapá state estuary, in the northern Brazilian coast region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joilson Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Pedro Hugo Esteves-Silva ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Costa-Campos ◽  
Marcos Tavares-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
Relative Condition Factor ◽  
Random Dispersion ◽  
Fish Interactions ◽  
Ectoparasite Fauna ◽  
Coast Region

Abstract In fish, one of the most important interactions is that occur between parasite species and environment. Wild fish interactions with parasites of different taxa can result in diseases for fish and consequently damages to the fishing industry. This study investigated the ectoparasite fauna in Mugil curema in Amapá state estuary, in Brazilian coast region. The parasite prevalence was 51.4%, and a total of 282 parasites were collected among Ligophorus brasiliensis (Dactylogyridae), Excorallana longicornis (Corallanidae), larvae of Gnathia sp. (Gnathiidae) and Ergasilus atafonensis (Ergasilidae), but the dominance was of L. brasiliensis. The parasites presented highly aggregated dispersion, except for Gnathia sp. that had a random dispersion. There was a predominance of hosts parasitized by zero and one species. The relative condition factor did not differ between parasitized and non-parasitized fish. The body size of hosts did not influence the parasite abundance. The community of ectoparasites consisted of low species richness with low infection levels. This is the first study on parasites of fish from the coast of the State of Amapá and is the first report of Gnathia sp. for M. curema.

scholarly journals First study on infestation of Excorallana berbicensis (Isopoda: Corallanidae) on six fishes in a reservoir in Brazilian Amazon during dry and rainy seasons

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 936-943
Author(s):  
Huann Carllo Gentil-Vasconcelos ◽  
Marcos Tavares-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Rainfall Level ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons ◽  
Amazon Ecosystem

We analyzed the infestation levels of Excorallana berbicensis on Acestrorhynchus falcirostris, Ageneiosus ucayalensis, Geophagus proximus, Hemiodus unimaculatus, Psectrogaster falcata and Serrasalmus gibbus in a reservoir in the Araguari River basin, northern Brazil, during the dry and rainy seasons. For P. falcata, the infestation levels due to E. berbicensis were greater during the rainy season. For all the species studied, the peak parasite prevalence was in the month of highest rainfall levels and there were two peaks of parasite abundance: one in the month with highest rainfall level and the other in the month of transition from the rainy season to the dry season. In these hosts, around 70% of the E. berbicensis specimens were collected during the rainy season. The body conditions of the hosts also did not suffer any seasonal influence. Despite the differences in seasonal rainfall levels, there was no fluctuation in transparency, turbidity, pH, electric conductivity, temperature and dissolved oxygen levels in the water, due to the stability of these parameters during the seasonal cycle investigated in this artificial Amazon ecosystem. This was the first report on the seasonality of infestation by E. berbicensis associated with fish.

scholarly journals Metazoan parasites of Mugil curema (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae) from the coastal Rio de Janeiro

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Dimitri Ramos Alves
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Parasite Species Richness

From May to August 2011, 55 specimens of white mullet Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae) collected from coast of the State of Rio de Janeiro (21-23° S, 41-45° W), were necropsied to study their communities of metazoan parasites. Two species of metazoan parasites were collected: Floridosentis mugilis Machado, 1951 (Acantocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) and Metamicrocotyla macracantha Alexander, 1954 (Monogenea: Microcotylidae). The majority of the fishes (n = 41; 74.5%) were parasitized by at least one metazoan species. Three hundred twenty-four specimens, with an average of 5.8 ± 7.6 per host, were collected. Floridosentis mugilis constituted the majority of specimens collected (n = 319), was the dominant species, with highest prevalence, abundance, intensity and mean intensity. The parasites species showed a typical over-dispersed pattern of distribution. The abundance of the species F. mugilis and total parasites collected showed negative correlation with host total length. The metazoan parasites community of M. curema showed dominance of endoparasites, no correlation between parasite abundance and the lack of relationship between the sex of host and parasite rates. Mugil curema showed low parasite species richness when compared with studies on the parasitic fauna of mugilids of the Brazilian coast.

scholarly journals Metazoan parasite community of Steindachnerina brevipinna (Curimatidae) from Southern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ceschini ◽  
R. Takemoto ◽  
F. Yamada ◽  
L. Moreira ◽  
G. Pavanelli
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
Parasite Richness ◽  
Relative Condition Factor ◽  
Gonadal Maturity

Abstract In order to examine the ecological relationships of metazoan parasites and their hosts, 63 specimens of Steindachnerina brevipinna have been collected from April to September 2006, in the rivers Guairacá and Corvo, tributaries of the low Paranapanema River. Five different parasite species have been found (Paranaella sp., Sphicterodiplostomum musculosum, Cosmoxynema vianai, Travnema travnema and Spinoxyuris sp.), with parasite richness from 1 to 4. The dominance index (C > 0.25) was calculated for S. musculosum and aggregation of S. musculosum and Paranaella sp. were reported. There were no associations or covariations between the species of parasites. Values did not show interference of parasite abundance at different gonadal maturity stages. The relative condition factor (Kn) did not show significant values regarding quantitative and qualitative data on parasitism. Statistical tests were significant between the prevalence and the abundance of parasites and the standard length of the hosts, as well as for the parasite abundance in different months and tributaries.

scholarly journals Compilation of 29-year postmortem examinations identifies major shifts in equine parasite prevalence from 2000 onwards

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sallé ◽  
J. Guillot ◽  
J. Tapprest ◽  
N. Foucher ◽  
C. Sevin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Death Cases

AbstractHorses are infected by a wide range of parasite species that form complex communities. Parasite control imposes significant constraints on parasite communities whose monitoring remains however difficult to track through time. Postmortem examination is a reliable method to quantify parasite communities. Here, we compiled 1,673 necropsy reports accumulated over 29 years, in the reference necropsy centre from Normandy (France). The burden of non-strongylid species was quantified and the presence of strongylid species was noted. Details of horse deworming history and the cause of death were registered. Building on these data, we investigated the temporal trend in non-strongylids epidemiology and we determined the contribution of parasites to the death of horses throughout the study period. Data analyses revealed the seasonal variations of non-strongylid parasite abundance and reduced worm burden in race horses. Beyond these observations, we found a shift in the species responsible for fatal parasitic infection from the year 2000 onward, whereby fatal cyathostominosis and Parascaris spp. infection have replaced death cases caused by S. vulgaris and tapeworms. Concomitant break in the temporal trend of parasite species prevalence was also found within a 10-year window (1998-2007) that has seen the rise of Parascaris spp. and the decline of both Gasterophilus spp. and tapeworms. A few cases of parasite persistence following deworming were identified that all occurred after 2000. Altogether, these findings provide insights into major shifts in non-strongylid parasite prevalence and abundance over the last 29 years. They also underscore the critical importance of Parascaris spp. in young equids.

scholarly journals Crustacean parasites of Leporinus affinis, an Anostomidae fish from the Brazilian Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huann Carllo Gentil Vasconcelos ◽  
Júlio César Sá-Oliveira ◽  
Débora da Conceição Oliveira Salomão ◽  
Marcos Tavares-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Relative Condition Factor ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Crustacean Parasites

Abstract This study investigated the fauna of ectoparasitic crustaceans in Leporinus affinis from Reservoir Coaracy Nunes, in eastern Amazon (Brazil), as well as the parasite-host interactions. The mouth, gills and tegument of 50.9% of the fish examined were parasitized by Argulus chicomendesi, Ergasilus turucuyus and Excorallana berbicensis, and a total of 118 parasites were collected. The dominance was found for E. berbicensis and the higher infestation levels were caused by E. berbicensis on the body surface of the hosts, but E. turucuyus had the highest prevalence on the gills of this host. The cluster analysis revealed higher similarity in the infestations by E. berbicensis and A. chicomendesi in relation to infestation site in hosts. Host sex and relative condition factor (Kn) were not influenced by moderate parasitism, but the abundance of parasites presented negative correlation with weight and Kn of the fish. This is the first study on the parasites of L. affinis showing low species diversity, with moderate prevalence and low parasite abundance.

scholarly journals First study on communities of parasites in Triportheus rotundatus, a Characidae fish from the Amazon River system (Brazil)

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique Nascimento Santos ◽  
Marcos Tavares-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
River System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Dispersion Pattern ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
First Report ◽  
Random Dispersion ◽  
The Mean

Abstract This study was the first investigation on the parasites of Triportheus rotundatus, a Characiformes fish from the Amazon, in Brazil. All the fish collected (100%) in a tributary from the Amazon River system were infected by one or more parasite species. The mean species richness of parasites was 4.9 ± 0.9, the Brillouin index was 0.39 ± 0.16, the evenness was 0.24 ± 0.09 and the Berger-Parker dominance was 0.81 ± 0.13. A total of 1316 metazoan parasites were collected, including Anacanthorus pithophallus, Anacanthorus furculus, Ancistrohaptor sp. (Dactylogyridae), Genarchella genarchella (Derogenidae), Posthodiplostomum sp. (Diplostomidae), Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus (Camallanidae), Echinorhynchus paranensis (Echinorhynchidae) and Ergasilus sp. (Ergasilidae), but monogenoideans were the dominant parasites. These parasites presented an aggregate dispersion pattern, except for P. (S.) inopinatus, which showed a random dispersion pattern. The body conditions of the hosts were not affected by the parasitism levels. This first report of these parasites for T. rotundatus indicates that the presence of ectoparasites and endoparasites was due to hosts behavior and availability of infective stages in the environment, and this was discussed.

scholarly journals The occurrence of Contracaecum sp. larvae (Nematoda : Anisakidae) in the catfishClarias gariepinus (Burchell) from Lake Chivero, Zimbabwe

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barson
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Males And Females

Clarias gariepinus were collected from Lake Chivero, Zimbabwe, and examined for nematode parasites from November 2000 to May 2002. Of the 202 specimens collected, 42.6 % were infected with third-stage larvae of Contracaecum sp. in the body cavity. The intensity of the infection was 1-7 worms per fish (mean intensity = 2.2). Seasonal variation in the prevalence of the parasite was not obvious and there was no significant difference in the prevalence of infection between males and females (c2 = 2.228; P > 0.05). No significant relationship between host size and prevalence was established. There was also no significant relationship between intensity and the body condition factor (r = 0.11; P > 0.05). The low parasite prevalence may have been caused by the disruption of the infection cycle since piscivorous birds, which are the final hosts of the parasite, do not feed on C. gariepinus in Lake Chivero.

scholarly journals Community ecology of the metazoan parasites of namorado sandperches, Pseudopercis numida Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903 and P. semifasciata Cuvier, 1829 (Perciformes: Pinguipedidae), from the coastal zone of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL. Luque ◽  
NN. Felizardo ◽  
LER. Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Component Community ◽  
New Host ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
Parasite Species Richness ◽  
Total Length

One hundred and twenty-eight specimens of namorado sandperches, 62 P. numida and 66 P. semifasciata, collected between October 2002 and June 2003 off the Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Lat 23° S and Long 42° W), were examined to study their metazoan parasites. Parasite communities of these fish were composed basically of endoparasites, mainly digenean and cestodes species, with low prevalence and abundance but having high parasite species richness values (at the component community level). Among these values, that found for P. numida is the highest so far recorded for marine fishes from the Neotropical Region. Thirty-nine species of metazoan parasites were collected: 36 from P. numida and 28 from P. semifasciata. Twenty-five parasite species were common to both species of namorado sandperches. Pseudopercis numida and P. semifasciata are new host records for all parasite species collected, with the exception of Microcotyle pseudopercis. Choanodera sp., Leurodera decora, Neolebouria georgenascimentoi, and Proctoeces sp. which were recorded for the first time in the South American Atlantic Ocean. Gnathia sp. from P. numida and Scolex pleuronectis from P. semifasciata were the species having the greatest dominance frequency. Parasite abundance in P. numida and P. semifasciata were positively correlated with the host total length. Only in P. numida was parasite species richness correlated positively with the host total length. No significant differences between endoparasite infracommunities of P. numida and P. semifasciata were detected. The ectoparasites of P. numida had higher values for parasite abundance, parasite richness, Brillouin index, evenness index, and Berger-Parker index than those of the ectoparasites of P. semifasciata. Comparisons among all ecto- and endoparasites showed the ectoparasites of P. numida as the most heterogeneous group. Low similarity values were observed among the three types of parasite infracommunities of the two hosts.

scholarly journals Interspecific competition in honeybee intracellular gut parasites is asymmetric and favours the spread of an emerging infectious disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1798) ◽  
pp. 20141896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrsini E. Natsopoulou ◽  
Dino P. McMahon ◽  
Vincent Doublet ◽  
John Bryden ◽  
Robert J. Paxton
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Asymmetric Competition ◽  
Nosema Apis ◽  
Priority Effect ◽  
Ecological Processes

There is increasing appreciation that hosts in natural populations are subject to infection by multiple parasite species. Yet the epidemiological and ecological processes determining the outcome of mixed infections are poorly understood. Here, we use two intracellular gut parasites (Microsporidia), one exotic and one co-evolved in the western honeybee ( Apis mellifera ), in an experiment in which either one or both parasites were administered either simultaneously or sequentially. We provide clear evidence of within-host competition; order of infection was an important determinant of the competitive outcome between parasites, with the first parasite significantly inhibiting the growth of the second, regardless of species. However, the strength of this ‘priority effect’ was highly asymmetric, with the exotic Nosema ceranae exhibiting stronger inhibition of Nosema apis than vice versa. Our results reveal an unusual asymmetry in parasite competition that is dependent on order of infection. When incorporated into a mathematical model of disease prevalence, we find asymmetric competition to be an important predictor of the patterns of parasite prevalence found in nature. Our findings demonstrate the wider significance of complex multi-host–multi-parasite interactions as drivers of host–pathogen community structure.

scholarly journals Impacts of a newly identified behaviour-altering trematode on its host amphipod: from the level of gene expression to population

Parasitology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
pp. 1469-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
YASMIN GULER ◽  
STEPHEN SHORT ◽  
AMAIA GREEN ETXABE ◽  
CHRISTOPHER M. SHERHOD ◽  
PETER KILLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serotonin Receptor ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Amino Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Transcriptomic Level

SUMMARYChanges to host behaviour induced by some trematode species, as a means of increased trophic transmission, represents one of the seminal examples of host manipulation by a parasite. The amphipodEchinogammarus marinus (Leach, 1815) is infected with a previously undescribed parasite, with infected individuals displaying positive phototaxic and negative geotaxic behaviour. This study reveals that the unknown parasite encysts in the brain, nerve cord and the body cavity ofE. marinus, and belongs to the Microphallidae family. An 18 month population study revealed that host abundance significantly and negatively correlated with parasite prevalence. Investigation of the trematode's influence at the transcriptomic level revealed genes with putative neurological functions, such as serotonin receptor 1A, an inebriated-like neurotransmitter, tryptophan hydroxylase and amino acid decarboxylase, present consistent altered expression in infected animals. Therefore, this study provides one of the first transcriptomic insights into the neuronal gene pathways altered in amphipods infected with a trematode parasite associated with changes to its host's behaviour and population structure.

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