scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Castor oil in the Presence of Lipase/ Functionalized Mesoporous SBA-15

Author(s):  
Arash Davoodimehr ◽  
Tahereh Nematian ◽  
alireza shakeri ◽  
Nasser Ghaemi

Abstract BackgroundEnzyme immobilization is efficient tool to reduce enzymatic processes cost and improve catalyst stability. The enzymatic catalytic transesterification reaction of castor oil was studied for the production of biodiesel. In this research, castor seeds oil was extracted and used along with methanol as substrates for enzymatic transesterification reaction. Porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) immobilized on calcium alginate (Ca-Alg) and mesoporous SBA-15 supports identified, and its potential was investigated for used as the reaction catalyst.ResultsThe mesoporous SBA-15 supports with a high specific surface area (519.25 m2/g) and the pore diameter (83.2 Å) was suitable for immobilization of the PPL with 4.6⨯2.6⨯1.1 nm3 dimensions. The effect of temperature, biocatalyst concentration, methanol/oil molar ratio and water content on biodiesel conversion were investigated in presents of PPL immobilized on mesoporous SBA-15-OH-NH2-GA. The biodiesel conversion in the presence of PPL immobilized on SBA-15-OH-NH2-GA and Ca-Alg was calculated 88.6% and 77.65% in optimal conditions respectively. Conclusions The result indicate that castor plant has a very high potential for use in the future of the biodiesel industry as a substrate for transesterification reaction. The biodiesel production efficiency is higher when the PPL is immobilized on the SBA-15-OH-NH2-GA toward than conditions that immobilized on the Ca-Alg.

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ismail ◽  
S. A Abu ◽  
R Rezaur ◽  
H Sinin

In this study, the optimum biodiesel conversion from crude castor oil to castor biodiesel (CB) through transesterification method was investigated. The base catalyzed transesterification under different reactant proportion such as the molar ratio of alcohol to oil and mass ratio of catalyst to oil was studied for optimum production of castor biodiesel. The optimum condition for base catalyzed transesterification of castor oil was determined to be 1:4.5 of oil to methanol ratio and 0.005:1 of potassium hydroxide to oil ratio. The fuel properties of the produced CB such as the calorific value, flash point and density were analyzed and compared to conventional diesel. Diesel engine performance and emission test on different CB blends proved that CB was suitable to be used as diesel blends. CB was also proved to have lower emission compared to conventional diesel.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa B. Navas ◽  
José F. Ruggera ◽  
Ileana D. Lick ◽  
Mónica L. Casella

AbstractThis paper describes the preparation and characterization of MgO and ZnO-based catalysts, pure and mixed in different proportions, supported on γ-Al2O3. Their catalytic performance was studied in the transesterification of soybean oil and castor oil with methanol and butanol, attempting to produce biodiesel. XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM–EDS (scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), CO2-adsorption and N2-adsorption allowed characterizing the prepared catalysts. The characterization results were in all cases consistent with mesoporous solids with high specific surface area. All the catalysts exhibited good results, especially in the transesterification of castor oil using butanol. For this reaction, the reuse was tested, maintaining high FABE (fatty acid butyl esters) yields after four cycles. This good performance can be attributed to the basic properties of the Mg species, and simultaneously, to the amphoteric properties of ZnO, which allow both triglycerides and free fatty acids to be converted into esters. Using these catalysts, it is possible to obtain second-generation biodiesel, employing castor oil, a raw material that does not compete with the food industry. In addition, butanol can be produced from renewable biomass.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5506
Author(s):  
Daniel Carreira Batalha ◽  
Márcio José da Silva

Nowadays, the synthesis of biofuels from renewable raw materials is very popular. Among the various challenges involved in improving these processes, environmentally benign catalysts compatible with an inexpensive feedstock have become more important. Herein, we report the recent advances achieved in the development of Niobium-containing heterogeneous catalysts as well as their use in routes to produce biodiesel. The efficiency of different Niobium catalysts in esterification and transesterification reactions of lipids and oleaginous raw materials was evaluated, considering the effect of main reaction parameters such as temperature, time, catalyst load, and oil:alcohol molar ratio on the biodiesel yield. The catalytic performance of Niobium compounds was discussed considering the characterization data obtained by different techniques, including NH3-TPD, BET, and Pyr-FT-IR analysis. The high catalytic activity is attributed to its inherent properties, such as the active sites distribution over a high specific surface area, strength of acidity, nature, amount of acidic sites, and inherent mesoporosity. On top of this, recycling experiments have proven that most Niobium catalysts are stable and can be repeatedly used with consistent catalytic activity.


2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huong Thi Thanh Le ◽  
Tien Van Huynh ◽  
Tan Minh Phan ◽  
Hoa Thi Viet Tran

In our work, biodiesel was prepared from Tra fat by methanolysis reaction using activated calcium oxide as solid base catalyst. Effects of various process parameters on biodiesel production such as molar ratio of methanol to fat, catalyst concentration, temperature and time of reaction and the active mechanism of CaO catalyst for the transesterification reaction were investigated. The results show that CaO has strong basicity and high catalytic activity as a heterogeneous solid base catalyst and the transesterification reaction takes place on basic sites of calcium diglyceroxide formed due to the reaction between Cao and the by-produced glycerol. The biodiesel yield achieves 92.95 % at 60°C, 90 minutes, 8:1 molar ratio of fat to methanol, and 6 % CaO catalyst. Important fuel properties of the produced biodiesel meet the specifications of ASTM D 6751 biodiesel standard.


Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Vegneshwaran V. Ramakrishnan ◽  
Deepika Dave ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Winny Routray ◽  
Wade Murphy

The enzymatic transesterification of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) oil was carried out using Novozym 435 (immobilized lipase from Candida antartica) to produce biodiesel. A response surface modelling design was performed to investigate the relationship between biodiesel yield and several critical factors, including enzyme concentration (5, 10, or 15%), temperature (40, 45, or 50 °C), oil/alcohol molar ratio (1:3, 1:4, or 1:5) and time (8, 16, or 24 h). The results indicated that the effects of all the factors were statistically significant at p-values of 0.000 for biodiesel production. The optimum parameters for biodiesel production were determined as 10% enzyme concentration, 45 °C, 16 h, and 1:4 oil/alcohol molar ratio, leading to a biodiesel yield of 87.23%. The step-wise addition of methanol during the enzymatic transesterification further increased the biodiesel yield to 94.5%. This is the first study that focused on Atlantic salmon oil-derived biodiesel production, which creates a paradigm for valorization of Atlantic salmon by-products that would also reduce the consumption and demand of plant oils derived from crops and vegetables.


2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 825-837
Author(s):  
Radjaa EL AHMAR ◽  
◽  
Charef HARRATS ◽  
Djillali BASSOU ◽  
Soufi KACIMI ◽  
...  

Bentonite clay from Maghnia (Algeria), very rich in montmorillonite (~ 90 %) purified and intercalated with pillars Al2O3, Al2O3-NiO and Al2O3-CoO, was applied as catalyst for the conversion of a mixture of castor oil-ethanol to biodiesel. The pillared clay with Al2O3-CoO (10%) led to 98% ester conversion. The highest yield of biodiesel production was obtained at 1/15 molar ratio of oil/ethanol, a temperature of 250 °C and 7.5 wt% of catalyst. This behaviour was ascribed to a synergetic effect of the largest surface area developed in the clay and the highest catalytic activity of cobalt in basic medium. The catalysts re-usability experiments revealed that the pillared clays were safely re-used three times without losing their original catalytic effectiveness. The kinetics calculations demonstrated that the transesterification of castor oil in an excess of alcohol using the pillared clay as catalyst followed a pseudo first order kinetics. The biodiesel produced exhibited comparable fuel properties as those of classical fossil diesel.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Agus Haryanto ◽  
Amieria Citra Gita ◽  
Tri Wahyu Saputra ◽  
Mareli Telaumbanua

This research aims to study the first-order kinetics of biodiesel production from used frying oil (UFO) through transesterification with methanol. Used frying oil was collected from fried peddlers around the campus of the University of Lampung. Technical grade methanol and NaOH catalyst were purchased from a local chemical supplier. The experiment was carried out with 100 ml of UFO at various combinations of oil to methanol molar ratio (1:4, 1:5, and 1:6), reaction temperatures(30 to 55oC, the ramping temperature of 5o C), and reaction time of 0.25 to 10 minutes. First-order kinetic was employed using 126 data pairs (87.5%). The acquired kinetic model was validated using 18 data sets (12.5%) observed at a reaction time of eight min. Results show that biodiesel yield was increased with reaction time, its molar ratio, and temperature. The maximum return of 78.44% was achieved at 55oC and molar ratio of 1:6. The kinetic analysis obtains the reaction rate constant (k) in the range of 0.045 to 0.130. The value of k increases with the reaction temperature and molar ratio. The analysis also reveals the average activation energy (Ea) of the UFO transesterification reaction with methanol and NaOH catalyst to be 21.59 kJ/mol. First-order kinetic is suitable to predict biodiesel yield from UFO because of low %RMSE (3.39%) and high R2 (0.8454


Author(s):  
Musa Idris Atadashi ◽  
Thomas Akummadzna Darius

Castor seeds were processed and the oil was extracted from the paste by cold pressing and the yield obtained was 42.80%. Moisture content of 4.38% was found. The crude oil was obtained as clear, viscous, pale-yellow liquid. of crude castor oil with methanol to produce in the presence of calcium oxide (CaO) as a catalyst was carried out. This study the fuel properties of ; the FTIR spectrum for the revealed the functional groups with characteristics bands, C=O, (CH2) n-, C-O, C=C, OH and C-H in the spectrum. From the result of the FTIR and GC-MS, the methyl ester groups present in the produced was determined and 9-Octadecenoic acid-12-hydroxy- methyl ester was identified as the most abundant compound in the which have all the functional groups as revealed by the FTIR. The experimental design as well as statistical analysis were done and using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) design expert 12.0 version software which was also used for the optimization of the three process parameters. The optimum conditions for production were a reaction temperature of 620C, methanol to oil ratio of 11:1 and a catalyst of 3.5 of oil at 1hour. The content under these optimum conditions was 54%. R2 value of 0.9996 was obtained showing good fitting


Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sánchez ◽  
Encinar ◽  
Nogales ◽  
González

The use of biodiesel and the requirement of improving its production in a more efficient and sustainable way are becoming more and more important. In this research work, castor oil was demonstrated to be an alternative feedstock for obtaining biodiesel. The production of biodiesel was optimized by the use of a two-step process. In this process, methanol and KOH (as a catalyst) were added in each step, and the glycerol produced during the first stage was removed before the second reaction. The reaction conditions were optimized, considering catalyst concentration and methanol/oil molar ratio for both steps. A mathematical model was obtained to predict the final ester content of the biodiesel. Optimal conditions (0.08 mol·L−1 and 0.01 mol·L−1 as catalyst concentration, 5.25:1 and 3:1 as methanol/oil molar ratio for first and second step, respectively) were established, taking into account the biodiesel quality and an economic analysis. This type of process allowed cost saving, since the amounts of methanol and catalyst were significantly reduced. An estimation of the final manufacturing cost of biodiesel production was carried out.


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