scholarly journals Implementation of Sustainable Bioeconomy in European Union Countries: The Decomposition Analysis Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genovaite Liobikiene ◽  
Ričardas Krikštolaitis ◽  
Astrida Miceikienė
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Sustainability is highlighted in renewed European Union (EU) bioeconomy strategy. Sustainable bioeconomy requires improvement in the productivity level of bioresources, which is included in almost all national bioeconomy strategies. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to reveal how productivity (or conversely, intensity) level contributes to the changes in biomass extraction in all EU countries. Applying the IPAT approach, the results showed that in separate EU countries and analyzed periods, the changes in biomass extraction were different. During the period of economic growth (2000-2007) and transition (2008-2012), biomass extraction decreased in more than half of all EU countries. The decline of value added in the agriculture sector and/or reduction in biomass intensity level were the main determinants of these changes. Meanwhile, during the bioeconomy strategy period (2013-2018), the reduction of biomass extractions was observed in only 6 EU countries. During this period it was only in Greece, Italy and Malta that the productivity level of biomass offset the driving forces: economic and population growth. Meanwhile, in Estonia, Germany and Poland, despite the reduction of value added in the agriculture sector, the growth of the intensity level of biomass determined the increase in extraction of biomass. Therefore, this study showed that achievement of sustainable bioeconomy principles in the majority of EU countries remains a great challenge, and countries should make all efforts to enhance the productivity level of biomass.

scholarly journals National fiscal frameworks in the post-crisis European Union

Equilibrium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-642
Author(s):  
Agata Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
European Union ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fiscal Rules ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Fiscal Frameworks

Research background: The latest economic and financial crisis has seriously injured European Union Member States, affecting the condition of their public finances. In the face of the crisis, the EU made a special effort to increase the effectiveness of national fiscal frameworks, e.g. by improving the compliance with legislation. The post 2009 reforms were aimed at providing a solid economic foundation for the national fiscal frameworks, especially in the high-debt euro area countries. Purpose of the article: The goal of this research is twofold. Firstly, it aims to provide an outline of the national fiscal governance in the EU. Secondly, the paper analyzes the changes in the core measures of fiscal governance in the EU between the crisis period and the year 2016 (due to the latest available data) and investigates the similarities in the progress made by the 28 EU countries in restoring balance in public finance. Methods: To achieve the goal, the literature review and the analysis of core elements of national fiscal frameworks are provided. In the empirical section the grouping method for all 28 EU countries based on the Ward's agglomerative hierarchical clustering method is employed. The study uses data derived from the AMECO database (in the case of fiscal data) and the European Commission thematic data for quality indexes of particular elements of fiscal governance (numerical fiscal rules, medium-term budgetary frameworks and independent fiscal institutions). Findings & Value added: This paper contributes to the literature by, on the one hand, attempting to analyze changes in main fiscal governance measures and, on the other hand, by assessing their link with public finance through employment of the agglomerative clustering method. Based on the results, the conclusion about the importance of the improvement in fiscal frameworks is provided. The analysis shows that countries with better national fiscal framework achieved better results in public finances regardless the macroeconomic conditions.

Islamophobia and the Challenges of Muslims in Contemporary Eropean Union Countries: Case Studies from Austria, Belgium, and Germany

Afkaruna ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Wildan ◽  
Fatimah Husein
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Almost All ◽  
European Union Member States

In the last two decades, the Muslim population in Western Europe has grown in unprecedented ways. At the broader regional level, there are approximately 25 million Muslims living in European Union member states as of 2016, which is estimated to increase to 35 million by 2050. The arrival of Muslims from various countries in the Middle East, Africa, and the Balkans has brought about significant changes and issues socially, economically, as well as politically. Undeniably, some phenomena of discrimination and Islamophobia arise in almost all EU countries in various aspects of public life such as hijâb clothing, building mosques, and housing. Using a qualitative approach and field research, this article explores not only the historical accounts of the presence of Islam in several EU countries, but also the relations between Islam and the state. This research presents several cases of discrimination and Islamophobia and the internal dynamics within the Muslim communities as to the challenges of living in completely different atmosphere. Three countries, namely Austria, Belgium, and Germany are chosen to represent European Union countries. This study contributes to the discourse on the integration of Muslims in European culture and to the way EU countries could involve Muslims in constructing European Islam.

scholarly journals Evaluating the liberalization process on Telecommunications services for EU countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Christos Agiakloglou ◽  
Michael Polemis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Market ◽  
Regulatory Process ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Telecommunications Services ◽  
Main Determinants

This paper investigates the main determinants of Telecommunications demand for European Union (EU) countries using a panel data set for 19 EU countries over the period 1991-2010, capturing the years before and after the liberalization process.  The goal is to clarify whether any changes in the demand of Telecommunications, as expressed by volume of traffic in local, mobile and international market segments, are attributed to regulatory process or to some other major drivers, taking also into account the relevant price elasticities.  It turns out that the regulatory process does not seem to have significant impact on demand for Telecommunications services for the first period of liberalization.

scholarly journals The Use of Artificial Neural Networks to Analyze Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollutant Emissions from the Mining and Quarrying Sector in the European Union

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Brodny ◽  
Magdalena Tutak
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
European Union ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU) is considered one of the most economically developed regions worldwide. It was driven by the mining industry for several decades. Despite certain changes in this area, a number of mineral and energy resources are still being mined in the EU. Nevertheless, mining activities are accompanied by many unfavorable phenomena, especially for the environment, such as greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions. The great diversity of the EU countries in terms of the size of the “mining and quarrying” sector means that both the volume and structure of these emissions in individual countries varies. In order to assess the current state of affairs, research was conducted to look at the structure and volume of these emissions in individual EU countries. The aim of the study was to divide these countries into homogenous groups by structure and volume of studied emissions. In order to reflect both the specificity and diversity of the EU countries, this division was based on the seven most important gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, NH3, NMVOC, CO, NOx) and two types of particulate matter (PM 2.5, PM 10) emitted into the atmosphere from the sector in question. The volume of studied emissions was also compared to the number of inhabitants of each EU country and the gross value added (GVA) by the mining and quarrying sector. This approach enabled a new and broader view on the issue of gas and air pollutant emissions associated with mining activities. The artificial Kohonen’s neural networks were used for the analysis. The developed method, the analyses and the results constitute a new approach to studying such emissions in the EU. Research that looks only at the emission of harmful substances into the environment in relation to their absolute values fail to fully reflect the complexity of this problem in individual EU countries. The presented approach and the results should broaden the knowledge in the field of harmful substance emissions from the mining and quarrying sector, which should be utilized in the process of implementing the new European climate strategy referred to as “The European Green Deal”.

scholarly journals Multidimensional comparative analysis of the competitive capacity of the European Union countries and geographical regions

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Cheba ◽  
Katarzyna Szopik-Depczyńska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Eu

Research background: The basic question we ask is whether is it possible to talk in today’s globalizing world about the uniform of the competitiveness of the economies? Posing such questions is particularly important in the case of political and economic structures such as the European Union. The competitiveness of the economies is now one of the most frequently discussed topics. In this work, due to the context of the conducted research (international comparisons of the EU countries’ economies) the competitiveness of international economies will be considered in terms of international competitive capacity. In addition to the problems associated with defining this concept, there are also important dilemmas concerned with the measurement of the competitiveness. In the performed comparative analyses of European economies the research results presented within reports of „Global Competitiveness Index” will be used. Purpose of the article: The main purpose of the paper is to conduct a multidimensional comparative analysis of the competitive capacity of the European Union countries and geo-graphical regions of Europe. Methods: In the paper, to study the spatial differentiation of the EU countries and geograph-ical regions of Europe in the context of their competitive capacity, the taxonomic measure of development based on median vector Weber was used. Findings & Value added: As a result, the classification and the typological groups of EU countries and geographical regions of Europe calculated on the basis of the features describing their competitive capacity arises. The value added of these research is the analysis of competitive capacity conducted not only for EU countries, but also for geographical regions of Europe. In the paper, the verification of criteria using by World Economic Forum to assess the competitive capacity of EU economies was also conducted. In this area of the research, because of high level of correlation, many features from initial database were deleted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cultural sphere development in the European Union countries as a factor of forming social capital and creative industries: experience for Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 184 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Marianna Kichurchak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
European Union ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
The Eu

Taking into account the European integration course of Ukraine, it is necessary to evaluate the socio-economic conditions of cultural sphere development in the countries of the European Union, because it is an integral part of creative industries and improvement of social capital. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors of cultural sphere development in the EU countries due to its importance for the system of creative industries and the process of social capital accumulation, outlining the possibilities of European experience adaptation in this sphere for Ukraine. The scientific and methodology approaches were developed to the definition of cultural sphere development factors in the EU countries from the point of view of its influence on the formation of social capital and creative industries. A comparative analysis of socio-economic development of cultural sphere in 2011-2019 was realized, including evaluation of spatial differences in its functioning on the base of variation indicators calculating and tracking their dynamics. The specification of multiple regression models was done, in which the explained variables became employment in cultural sphere (Y1) and the value of its gross value added (Y2). It is found out that the place and significance of the cultural sphere for the national economy of each EU country differ, whereas the environment of its functioning is relatively stable, which contributes to the formation of proper conditions for the accumulation of social capital and the development of creative industries. It is substantiated that spatial differences in cultural sphere development have been intensified in the EU countries due to the different intensity of social capital and creative industries network formation. The multiple regression analysis revealed that a number of explanatory variables (demographic situation, tourism activity, unemployment rate, and education index) influence employment and gross value added of the cultural sphere. It is determined that for the cultural sphere of Ukraine, taking into account the European integration and experience of the EU countries, it is important to ensure the stability of cultural sphere, minimize the effects of the demographic crisis, promote tourism development, and regulate the employment policy, which, due to synergy, will influence the social capital and the positions of creative industries in the national economy.

scholarly journals Comparative advantages in Polish export to the European Union — food products vs selected groups of non-food products

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-308
Author(s):  
Iwona Szczepaniak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Research Period ◽  
The Eu

Research background: Globalisation and economic integration are the reasons for which the competitiveness of economic entities is analysed more and more often in the context of their relations with the international market. One of the ways to assess the competitiveness of the Polish food sector is an analysis of comparative (relative) advantages in the export of this sector’s products. Purpose of the article: The objective of this paper is to assess comparative advantages in Polish export of food products to the European Union against a background of selected groups of non-food products. Methods: The study used the B. Balassa’s revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index. The study is preceded by a brief review of foreign trade results. The source of data was the WITS-Comtrade commercial database. The analysis was carried out at the level of the HS sections (in commodity terms). The research period covered the years 2003–2015. Findings & Value added: In the years 2003–2015, export of food increased nearly six times and its import — more than 4.5 times. The major partners of Poland as regards trade in food were the EU countries. The food sector was one of few sectors of the economy with the positive trade balance. Polish export to the EU was characterised by a diversified level of comparative advantages. From among 20 HS sections, in 2015 Poland had comparative advantages in export to the EU countries for products from 10 sections (2 food and 8 non-food). Those products accounted for 11% and 70% of Polish export to the EU, respectively. The development of Polish foreign trade in food products during the Polish membership in the EU as well as fairly high comparative advantages in the export of these products to the EU indicate the competitiveness and significant importance of the Polish food sector for the national economy.

scholarly journals INCIDENCE OF TAXATION ON THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL SITUATION OF FARMS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Średzińska ◽  
Agnieszka Kozera ◽  
Aldona Standar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Tax Regimes ◽  
Topsis Technique

In EU countries, agricultural taxation is of major importance for the competitiveness of economic operators active in the agriculture sector. In many countries, the implementation of non-fiscal objectives plays an essential role in preferential tax regimes targeted at the agricultural sector. This is because the adopted tax regime concept impacts the targets, structure and intensification of agricultural production and, as a consequence, affects the economic and financial performance of farms and other aspects. The main purpose of this paper was to specify the quantitative relationships between taxation levels and the economic and financial situation of farms in European Union countries. The empirical study was composed of two stages. The first stage was a synthetic assessment of farm taxation levels in the EU. For that purpose, TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) was used to develop a synthetic indicator used as a basis to arrange the countries and identify the types of farm taxation levels. The types of EU countries grouped by farm taxation levels became the starting point for an analysis of the relationship between taxation and the farms’ economic and financial situation. The sub-indicators of the farms’ economic and financial situation were presented for the typological classes concerned, including sub-indicators of production potential, production intensity, incomes, farm subsidies, indebtedness and investments. The empirical study was based on 2013-2015 FADN data (average figures).

scholarly journals EXPORT OF RUSSIAN MANUFACTURES TO EU COUNTRIES: TENDENCIES, PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES

2013 ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
I. A. Korobkov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Value Added Products

The modernization and specialization of the economy in hi-tech and high-value-added goods is the long term goal defined and set forward within the frame of Russian Federation 2020 Concept for the Social and Economic Development. According to the principles and clauses of the abovementioned document these high-tech and high-value-added products in the long run are intended to be exported to the European Union countries. For the foreseeable future EU will remain Russia’s key trade partner and moreover will play an immense and significant role for the integration of the Russian Federation in the international manufacturing and industrial processes. However, considering the high level of economic development of the EU countries and their strong positions in global exports of processed products including hi-tech goods, the export of the manufactures to the EU countries is quite a challenging task for Russia. Currently the manufactures that are supplied to the European Union mainly consist of semi-processed commodities, e.g., metals, diamonds and chemicals. Russian high-value-added products are exported to a limited number of partners; export volumes are comparatively moderate and volatile. However, some high-tech Russian products are successfully exported to the EU countries and meet growing demand from consumers from Central and Western Europe. The share of finished products and high-value-added goods exported to the Central and Eastern Europe slightly exceeds the EU average; the growing machinery and transport equipment sales are determined by an increased supply towards Poland, Slovakia, Bulgaria and Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Understanding European Real Exchange Rates

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 724-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario J Crucini ◽  
Chris I Telmer ◽  
Marios Zachariadis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Price Dispersion ◽  
Real Exchange Rates ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Law Of One Price ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Goods And Services

We study good-by-good deviations from the Law-of-One-Price (LOP) for over 1,800 retail goods and services between all European Union (EU) countries for the years 1975, 1980, 1985, and 1990. We find that for each of these years, after we control for differences in income and value-added tax (VAT) rates, there are roughly as many overpriced goods as there are underpriced goods between any two EU countries. We also find that good-by-good measures of cross-sectional price dispersion are negatively related to the tradeability of the good, and positively related to the share of non-traded inputs required to produce the good. We argue that these observations are consistent with a model in which retail goods are produced by combining a traded input with a non-traded input.

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