scholarly journals Perceived Risk and Severity of the Uptake of Safe Male Circumcision Services among Young Men Aged 15-24 Years in Rhino Camp Refugees Settlement, Arua District- Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blate M. David ◽  
Juliet M. Bandaru ◽  
Khawa E. Namajja ◽  
David Kajoba ◽  
Shallon Atuhaire
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Male Circumcision ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Safe Male Circumcision

Abstract Background Safe male circumcision is a proven cost-effective intervention in reducing the risk of sexual transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus /Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome among heterosexual individuals by 60%. This study aimed at exploring the perceived risk and severity to the uptake of safe male circumcision among young men aged 15–24 years in Rhino Camp Refugees Settlement, Arua District, Uganda. Methods This was a cross-sectional study among 378 respondents, which utilized both quantitative and qualitative approaches with a semi-structured and three focus group discussions conducted among young men aged 15–24 years. Univariate analysis was used to determine the uptake of safe male circumcision. Chi-square test and binary regression model were used to determine the odds ratio at 95% confidence levels of safe male circumcision uptake and other exposure variables. Results from the focus group discussions were analysed thematically. Results The prevalence of safe male circumcision uptake was 42.1%. The major factor associated with increased likelihood of safe male circumcision uptake was the perceived benefit of cervical cancer prevention in my partner (AOR = 2.455, 95% CI = 1.278–3.627). Factors associated with reduced likelihood safe male circumcision uptake included: fear of perceived increased risk of meatitis (AOR = 0.726, 95% CI = 0.338- .959), fear that undergoing safe male circumcision is very painful and uncomfortable (AOR = 0.742, 95%, CI = 0.279–1.973). Also, the perception that safe make circumcision is not affordable at most private health facilities (AOR = 0.167, 95%, CI = 0.058–0.478). Conclusions Safe make circumcision uptake in Rhino Refugees Settlement is lower than Uganda’s national target of 80%. This is attributed to the perceived risks such as perceived risk of infection, pain, irritability, and costs involved. Awareness creation on myths and misconceptions is key to increasing up take of safe make circumcision.

Young Women's and Men's Different Worlds of Alcohol, Fear, and Violence in Focus Group Discussions with 18-Year-Olds in Stockholm

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Abrahamson
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Street Violence

The purpose of the paper is to investigate how young women and men in focus group discussions reason about alcohol, street violence, fear of assault by a stranger, and to compare the different kinds of threats that young women and men present of what might happen when they are out at night and on their way home. The interviews are analysed from the point of view of the accounts the young people give for their feelings and behaviors. The young women's accounts are dominated by their answers to an implicit question of blame for how they ensure their security and which measures they have taken. What the young women are afraid of is rarely formulated explicitly. It is implicit and goes without much saying. On the other hand the accounts the young men are giving for their actions consist of answers to the implicit question of blame for violence they have been involved in and also of blame for fear of violence. The young men's picture of threat is concrete and consists of other young men of the same age. By their accounts they show that fear of violence is something that has to be given an explanation. The young men use intoxication both as an excuse for the violence they are using and as an explanation to why violence occurs.

scholarly journals A proposed method to determine fumonisin exposure from maize consumption in a rural South African population using a culturally appropriate FFQ

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martani Lombard ◽  
Nelia Steyn ◽  
Hester-Mari Burger ◽  
Karen Charlton ◽  
Wentzel Gelderblom
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Oesophageal Cancer ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjectiveTo develop an FFQ for estimating culture-specific maize intake that can distinguish between home-grown and commercial maize. Home-grown maize is more likely to be contaminated with fumonisins, mycotoxins that are associated with increased risk of oesophageal cancer.DesignAn existing FFQ developed for use in urban Xhosa populations was used as the initial framework for the maize-specific FFQ (M-FFQ). The existing questionnaire contained 126 food items divided into ten food groups (bread, cereals, vegetables, fruit, meat, dairy, snacks, condiments, beverages and fat). The M-FFQ was developed based on additional data obtained from a literature search, 24 h recalls (n159), in-depth interviews (n4), focus group discussions (n56) and expert consultation. Food items available in local shops (n3) were compared with information obtained from focus group discussions.SettingFive villages in two rural isiXhosa-speaking areas of the Eastern Cape Province, known to have a high incidence of oesophageal cancer, were randomly selected.SubjectsWomen aged 18–55 years were recruited by snowball sampling and invited to participate.ResultsThe final M-FFQ comprised twenty-one maize-based food items, including traditional Xhosa dishes and beverages. The questionnaire focused on maize-specific dishes and distinguished between home-grown maize and commercial maize consumption.ConclusionsA culturally specific dietary assessment method was designed to determine maize consumption and therefore fumonisin exposure. The questionnaire will be tested against 24 h recalls and other methods to determine its validity, after which it will be used in various epidemiological studies to determine fumonisin exposure.

scholarly journals Knowledge, health beliefs and attitudes towards dementia and dementia risk reduction among descendants of people with dementia: a qualitative study using focus group discussions

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vrijsen ◽  
E. L. M. Maeckelberghe ◽  
R. Broekstra ◽  
J. J. de Vries ◽  
A. Abu-Hanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Topic Guide ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes

Abstract Background Individuals with a parental family history of dementia have an increased risk of developing dementia because they share their genes as well as their psychosocial behaviour. Due to this increased risk and their experience with dementia, they may be particularly eager to receive information regarding dementia risk reduction (DRR). This study evaluated the knowledge, beliefs and attitudes towards dementia and DRR among descendants of people with dementia. Method Using a semi-structured topic guide, three focus group discussions were conducted consisting of 12 female (80%) and 3 male (20%) descendants of people with dementia with a mean (± SD) age of 48.8 (± 12) years. Focus group discussions were audio recorded and transcribed. Each transcript was analysed thoroughly, and where appropriate, a code was generated and assigned by two researchers independently. Then, similar codes were grouped together and categorized into themes. Results The items in the topic guide could only be addressed after participants had been given the opportunity to share their experiences of having a parent with dementia. Participants were unaware or uncertain about the possibility of reducing the risk of developing dementia and therefore hesitant to assess their dementia risk without treatment options in sight. Moreover, participants indicated that their general practitioner only gave some information on heritability, not on DRR. Although participants identified a large number of modifiable risk factors as a group during the group discussions, they were eager to receive more information on dementia and DRR. In the end, participants adopted a more positive attitude towards a DRR programme and provided suggestions for the development of future DRR programmes. Conclusions Although the research aim was to evaluate the knowledge, beliefs and attitudes towards dementia and DRR, sharing experiences of having a parent with dementia seemed a prerequisite for considering participants’ own risk of developing dementia and participating in a DRR programme. Knowledge of dementia and DRR was limited. Due to unawareness of the possibility of reducing dementia risk, participants were hesitant about assessing their dementia risk. Group discussions positively changed the perception of dementia risk assessment and participants’ willingness to participate in a DRR programme.

Knowledge, Beliefs and Attitudes Towards Dementia and Dementia Risk Reduction Among Descendants of People with Dementia: A Qualitative Study Using Focus Group Discussions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Vrijsen ◽  
Els Maeckelberghe ◽  
Reinder Broekstra ◽  
Jeroen de Vries ◽  
Ameen Abu-Hanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Topic Guide ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes

Abstract Background Individuals with a parental family history of dementia have an increased risk of developing dementia because they share their genes as well as their psychosocial behaviour. Due to this increased risk and their experience with dementia, they may be particularly eager to receive information regarding dementia risk reduction (DRR). This study evaluated the knowledge, beliefs and attitudes towards dementia and DRR among descendants of people with dementia.Method Using a semi-structured topic guide, three focus group discussions were conducted consisting of 12 female (80%) and 3 male (20%) descendants of people with dementia with a mean age of 48.8 ± 12.0 years. Focus group discussions were audio recorded and transcribed. Each transcript was analysed thoroughly, and where appropriate, a code was generated and assigned by two researchers independently. Then, similar codes were grouped together and categorized into themes.Results The items in the topic guide could only be addressed after participants had been given the opportunity to share their experiences of having a parent with dementia. Participants were unaware or uncertain about the possibility of reducing the risk of developing dementia and therefore hesitant to assess their dementia risk without treatment options in sight. Moreover, participants indicated that their general practitioner only gave some information on heritability, not on DRR. Although participants identified a large number of modifiable risk factors as a group during the group discussions, they were eager to receive more information on dementia and DRR. In the end, participants adopted a more positive attitude towards a DRR program and provided suggestions for the development of future DRR programs.Conclusions Although the research aim was to evaluate the knowledge, beliefs and attitudes towards dementia and DRR, sharing experiences of having a parent with dementia seemed a prerequisite for considering participants’ own risk of developing dementia and participating in a DRR program. Knowledge of dementia and DRR was limited. Due to unawareness of the possibility of reducing dementia risk, participants were hesitant about assessing their dementia risk. Group discussions positively changed the perception of dementia risk assessment and participants’ willingness to participate in a DRR program.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with safe male circumcision among Makerere University undergraduate students, Kampala - Uganda

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Nyamwiza ◽  
John Mukisa ◽  
Jerry Ictho ◽  
Ronald Ssenyonga ◽  
Annet Nalutaaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Male Circumcision ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Makerere University ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Safe Male Circumcision ◽  
University Undergraduate Students

Abstract Background Safe male circumcision (SMC) is currently recognized as a preventive strategy in reducing the risk of HIV; however, the prevalence of circumcised men in Uganda is still quite low at 26%. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with SMC and among Makerere University undergraduate students, in Kampala Uganda. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 602 participants selected using multistage probability sampling strategy. Pretested semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions were used to collect data. Quantitative data were analyzed with Stata 12.0, the prevalence ratio and p-values were calculated. Possible interactions and confounding variables were assessed with the Poisson regression model while qualitative data was analyzed with content analysis. Results The overall prevalence of safe male circumcision among male undergraduates was 58.3% (95% CI: 54.37 – 62.24). Factors associated with SMC prevalence included: safety of SMC procedure (Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 1.13, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.03 – 1.25) and friendly health workers (PR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.74 – 0.83). The perceived benefits of SMC included hygiene (86.5%, n = 521), reduced risk of HIV transmission (4.5%, n = 26) and reduced risk of penile cancer (45.7%, n = 275) while, the perceived barrier was pain (10.1%, n = 61). The students perceived that SMC recipient’s first sexual partner post-procedure should not be his girlfriend. Most participants in all the focus group discussions perceived SMC increases sexual pleasure. Conclusion The overall self-reported SMC success rate among participants was high, along with the safety of SMC services and friendly health workers as important factors among male students. There is a need for continuous sensitization campaigns and communication strategies to address beliefs about SMC, some related misconceptions, and barriers so as to increase its prevalence.

scholarly journals Understanding a science-themed puppet theatre performance for public engagement in Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Phaik Yeong Cheah ◽  
Nattapat Jatupornpimol ◽  
Lorena Suarez-Idueta ◽  
Alice Hawryszkiewycz ◽  
Nucha Charoenboon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Research With Children ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Puppet Theatre

Background: Fishy Clouds, a 45-minute non-verbal touring puppet theatre show, was created with the objectives of (1) raising awareness of antimicrobial overuse and misuse (the fact that there simply is a problem), (2) raising awareness of the importance of research with children – including those involving antimicrobials, and (3) producing a science-themed performance of entertainment value and high artistic quality. The show used visual storytelling to bring the research and behaviour around antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to life for a broad range of audiences across different ages, locations, levels of education, and language. Methods: In order to understand the effectiveness of Fishy Clouds, we used a realist-informed evaluation approach. A combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches (semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and field notes) were used for data collection. Results: We received a total of 880 quantitative feedback forms, conducted 22 semi-structured interviews and three focus group discussions. Our data showed that Fishy Clouds was an enjoyable performance to all audience groups and stakeholders and was generally viewed with artistic integrity. However, its effectiveness was primarily in raising existing awareness about medicine use and health more broadly, rather than specific health messaging concerning AMR and research with children. We found that those with limited background on AMR or research with children, such as school children and Karen ethnic migrants exhibited a wide range of interpretations. A science-themed theatre would function better if it is focussed on a single theme, embedded within a programme of activities and conducted at closed venues. Conclusions: Fishy Clouds showed that science theatre events have the potential to support public health programmes and engage local communities in science research.

scholarly journals Employing participatory methods to engage an under-researched group: Opportunities and challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 205979911876982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Pettinger ◽  
Gayle Letherby ◽  
Julie M Parsons ◽  
Lyndsey Withers ◽  
Miranda Cunningham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Photo Elicitation ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Participatory Methods ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Coastal City ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
South West

In this article, we report on our experience of working on an exploratory project where the primary objective was to involve homeless service users with food-based participatory qualitative approaches. The project FLM aimed to explore food experiences and behaviours in a sample of users of homelessness services in a south west UK coastal city, in order to create solutions to improve their wellbeing. A mixture of qualitative methods was used, including observations, photo-elicitation and focus group discussions. We aimed to be participatory and ‘creative’ in our approach and in our analysis. Here, we focus on detailing and critiquing our approach to the collection and analysis of data.

scholarly journals Youth Understanding of Healthy Eating and Obesity: A Focus Group Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison C. Sylvetsky ◽  
Monique Hennink ◽  
Dawn Comeau ◽  
Jean A. Welsh ◽  
Trisha Hardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
Group Discussions

Introduction. Given the high prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States, we aimed to investigate youth's understanding of obesity and to investigate gaps between their nutritional knowledge, dietary habits, and perceived susceptibility to obesity and its co-morbidities.Methods. A marketing firm contracted by Children's Healthcare of Atlanta facilitated a series of focus group discussions (FGD) to test potential concepts and sample ads for the development of an obesity awareness campaign. Data were collected in August and September of 2010 with both overweight and healthy weight 4th-5th grade and 7th-8th grade students. We conducted a secondary analysis of the qualitative FGD transcripts using inductive thematic coding to identify key themes related to youth reports of family eating habits (including food preparation, meal frequency, and eating environment), perceived facilitators and barriers of healthy diet, and knowledge about obesity and its complications.Results. Across focus group discussions, mixed attitudes about healthy eating, low perceived risk of being or becoming obese, and limited knowledge about the health consequences of obesity may contribute to the rising prevalence of obesity among youth in Georgia. Most youth were aware that obesity was a problem; yet most overweight youth felt that their weight was healthy and attributed overweight to genetics or slow metabolism.Conclusions. Our analysis suggests that urban youth in Georgia commonly recognize obesity as a problem, but there is less understanding of the link to lifestyle choices or the connection to future morbidities, suggesting a need for education to connect lifestyle behaviors to development of obesity.

Dari Idealisme ke Pragmatisme: Pergeseran Paradigma dalam Pengembangan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-210
Author(s):  
Addiarrahman Addiarrahman ◽  
Illy Yanti
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Business World ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
The Public ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
Legal Consideration ◽  
Economic Law ◽  
Islamic Economic

This study seeks to understand the pragmatism of the development of sharia economic law, and its implications for Islamic financial products in Indonesia. The data comes from the results of interviews and focus group discussions with key informants from academics, practitioners, authorities, and the public. This research finds that pragmatism in the development of Islamic economic law is an approach that still dominates the DSN-MUI fatwas. The pragmatism style used is complex-eclectic pragmatism which is represented through makhārij al-fiqhiyyah, which is to choose a mild opinion by sticking to the strongest method or also called "taysīr al-manhajī". The use of this method is intended to ensure that the fatwa is truly able to answer the needs of the business world, as well as being in line with sharia principles. DSN-MUI also does not use maslahah as a legal consideration in a free or liberal way. Rather, it returns maslahah in consideration of the method, so that it is permissible to use the bay’ al-'inān contract only in a forced state (ḍarurah).

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