Changes in physical fitness of a home-based physical exercise program in childhood obesity: A quasi-experimental uncontrolled study

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Lisón ◽  
Alejandro Bruñó-Soler ◽  
Isabel Torró ◽  
Eva Segura-Ortí ◽  
Julio Alvarez-Pitti
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Home Based

Few studies have evaluated the changes in physical fitness (PF) of obese children and adolescents of a physical activity program for the treatment of obesity, and even fewer have explored the modality of home-based physical exercise. The objective of this study is to evaluate the changes in PF and body composition (BC) of a home-based physical exercise for treating childhood obesity. Thirty-three overweight/obese children and adolescents participated for six months in a home-based intervention that combined aerobics and muscular strength exercises. The results were compared, before and after the intervention, for the different PF components (VO2max, abdominal muscle resistance strength, and lower body explosive strength) and BC (body mass index Z-score (BMI-Z), percentage of body fat, and fat-free mass) variables. A significant reduction was observed in the percentage of body fat (4.7%) and the BMI- Z score (.23), and there was an increase in the fat-free mass of 2.9 kg ( p < .001). In addition, the VO2max showed a significant increase ( p < .05). The results of the different strength tests also showed significant improvements ( p < .05). Our findings support the effectiveness of this program improving not only BC but also PF. However, our results should be interpreted with caution due to lack of control group.

scholarly journals Esteatose hepática pode comprometer o efeito do exercício físico sobre a composição corporal em crianças e adolescentes obesos?

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Bruna Thamyres Ciccotti Saraiva ◽  
Paula Alves Monteiro ◽  
Claudia De Carvalho Brunholi ◽  
Marcelo Rodrigues Ribeiro dos Santos ◽  
Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese Children

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n4p459 Physical exercise is one of the forms of prevention and treatment of obesity and associated diseases such as hepatic steatosis. The aim of this study was to analyze whether hepatic steatosis interferes in the effect of physical exercise on the body composition of obese children and adolescents. The sample consists of 40 obese individuals, 13 children (8.17±1.33 years) and 27 adolescents (12.28±1.36 years). Total and segmental body composition was estimated by DEXA. Anthropometric measurements were performed, as well as ultrasound examination of the liver to measure intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat, and to diagnose hepatic steatosis (HS). The intervention consisted of 20 weeks, with recreational/competitive activities being applied to children and, for adolescents, concurrent training (aerobic and resistance). The Levene’s, repeated-measures ANOVA and effect size tests (ES) by Eta-Squared were performed. It was observed that, although not statistically significant, analyzing the effect size, physical activity in both children (body fat ES effect time= 0.210 and ES effect group= 0.208; fat mass ES effect group = 0.338; fat android ES effect Interaction= 0.267), and adolescents (intra-abdominal fat ES effect group = 0.230) regardless of whether or not HS was effective in reducing body fat. Therefore, exercise was effective in improving the body composition of obese children and adolescents, regardless of HS.

scholarly journals Construct validity and test–retest reliability of the International Fitness Scale (IFIS) in Colombian children and adolescents aged 9–17.9 years: the FUPRECOL study

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robinson Ramírez-Vélez ◽  
Sandra Milena Cruz-Salazar ◽  
Myriam Martínez ◽  
Eduardo L. Cadore ◽  
Alicia M. Alonso-Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Risk Index Score

BackgroundThere is a lack of instruments and studies written in Spanish evaluating physical fitness, impeding the determination of the current status of this important health indicator in the Latin population, especially in Colombia. The aim of the study was two-fold: to examine the validity of the International Fitness Scale (IFIS) with a population-based sample of schoolchildren from Bogota, Colombia and to examine the reliability of the IFIS with children and adolescents from Engativa, Colombia.MethodsThe sample comprised 1,873 Colombian youths (54.5% girls) aged 9–17.9 years. We measured their adiposity markers (waist-to-height ratio, skinfold thickness, percentage of body fat and body mass index), blood pressure, lipids profile, fasting glucose, and physical fitness level (self-reported and measured). A validated cardiometabolic risk index score was also used. An age- and sex-matched subsample of 229 schoolchildren who were not originally included in the sample completed the IFIS twice for reliability purposes.ResultsOur data suggest that both measured and self-reported overall physical fitness levels were inversely associated with percentage of body fat indicators and the cardiometabolic risk index score. Overall, schoolchildren who self-reported “good” or “very good” fitness had better measured fitness levels than those who reported “very poor/poor” fitness (allp < 0.001). The test-retest reliability of the IFIS items was also good, with an average weighted kappa of 0.811.DiscussionOur findings suggest that self-reported fitness, as assessed by the IFIS, is a valid, reliable, and health-related measure. Furthermore, it can be a good alternative for future use in large studies with Latin schoolchildren from Colombia.

scholarly journals Uric acid is associated with adiposity factors, especially with fat mass reduction during weight loss in obese children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Niu ◽  
Xue-lin Zhao ◽  
Hui-juan Ruan ◽  
Xiao-meng Mao ◽  
Qing-ya Tang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Dietary Control ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Current adult studies suggest that uric acid (UA) is associated with body fat, but the relationship in obese children is unclear. Thus, we aim to evaluate the association between uric acid and body composition of obese children. Methods A total of 79 obese children were included in this study, and 52 children (34 boys and 18 girls) underwent a 6-week weight loss camp, including 34 boys and 18 girls. Six-week weight-loss interventions were performed on all participants through aerobic exercise and appropriate dietary control. Laboratory tests and body composition were collected before and after the intervention. Results Before the intervention, correlation analysis demonstrated that uric acid was positively correlated with height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, fat mass (FM), and free fat mass (FFM) with adjusting for age and gender (P < 0.05). After 6 weeks of intervention, the participants gained 3.12 ± 0.85 cm in height, body fat percentage decreased by 7.23 ± 1.97%, and lost 10.30 ± 2.83 kg in weight. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that uric acid at baseline was associated with FM reduction during weight loss (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study is the first report that uric acid is associated with BMI and FM, and may play an important role in the reduction of FM during weight loss in obese children and adolescents. The interaction between UA and adiposity factors and its underlying mechanisms need to be further explored. Trial registration This study was registered in Clinical Trials.gov (NCT03490448) and approved by the Ethics Committee of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.

scholarly journals Serum Apelin and Obesity-Related Complications in Egyptian Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1354-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maged A. El Wakeel ◽  
Ghada M. El-Kassas ◽  
Alyaa H. Kamhawy ◽  
Essam M. Galal ◽  
Maysa S. Nassar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Egyptian Children

BACKGROUND: The rapidly increasing prevalence of childhood obesity became a major burden on health worldwide, giving an alarm to clinicians and researchers. Adipocytes act as an active endocrine organ by releasing plenty of bioactive mediators (adipokines) that play a major role in regulating metabolic processes. Apelin is a recently identified adipokine that is expressed in adipocytes.AIM: The current work aimed to uncover the relation between serum apelin and childhood obesity and its related complications as hypertension and hyperglycemiaMETHOD: A group of 50 obese and 31 non-obese; sex- and age-matched children were enrolled in our study with a mean age of (9.5 ± 2.1) and (8.7 ± 1.3) respectively. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, were assessed in all studied participants, we also determined the lipid profile, serum insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, HOMA-IR and serum apelin.RESULTS: Obese children had higher levels of HbA1c, FBG, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP Z-score); compared to controls (all P < 0.05). Apelin was significantly higher in obese children versus controls and correlated positively with BMI Z-Score (P = 0.008), DBP Z-Score (P = 0.02), cholesterol, TG (both P = 0.02), serum insulin (P = 0.003), FBG and HOMA-IR (both P = 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that FBG was the most effective factor in predicting the level of serum apelin (P = 0.04).CONCLUSION: This work supports the hypothesis that apelin may have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of health hazards related to obesity in children including insulin resistance, hypertension and a higher risk of occurrence of metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals The Relevance of a Physical Active Lifestyle and Physical Fitness on Immune Defense: Mitigating Disease Burden, With Focus on COVID-19 Consequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayrine Ordonio Filgueira ◽  
Angela Castoldi ◽  
Lucas Eduardo R. Santos ◽  
Geraldo José de Amorim ◽  
Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Strategy

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a fast spreading virus leading to the development of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Severe and critical cases are characterized by damage to the respiratory system, endothelial inflammation, and multiple organ failure triggered by an excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, culminating in the high number of deaths all over the world. Sedentarism induces worse, continuous, and progressive consequences to health. On the other hand, physical activity provides benefits to health and improves low-grade systemic inflammation. The aim of this review is to elucidate the effects of physical activity in physical fitness, immune defense, and its contribution to mitigate the severe inflammatory response mediated by SARS-CoV-2. Physical exercise is an effective therapeutic strategy to mitigate the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this sense, studies have shown that acute physical exercise induces the production of myokines that are secreted in tissues and into the bloodstream, supporting its systemic modulatory effect. Therefore, maintaining physical activity influence balance the immune system and increases immune vigilance, and also might promote potent effects against the consequences of infectious diseases and chronic diseases associated with the development of severe forms of COVID-19. Protocols to maintain exercise practice are suggested and have been strongly established, such as home-based exercise (HBE) and outdoor-based exercise (OBE). In this regard, HBE might help to reduce levels of physical inactivity, bed rest, and sitting time, impacting on adherence to physical activity, promoting all the benefits related to exercise, and attracting patients in different stages of treatment for COVID-19. In parallel, OBE must improve health, but also prevent and mitigate COVID-19 severe outcomes in all populations. In conclusion, HBE or OBE models can be a potent strategy to mitigate the progress of infection, and a coadjutant therapy for COVID-19 at all ages and different chronic conditions.

scholarly journals Estimation of percentage of body fat in field studies – a method based on relative elbow breadth (Frame Index) and BMI

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekka Mumm ◽  
Anna Reimann ◽  
Christiane Scheffler
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Robusticity

Background Over the last 20 years, a decreasing trend in external skeletal robusticity and an increasing trend in overweight and obesity was observed worldwide in adults and children as modern lifestyles in nutritional and activity behavior have changed. However, body mass index (BMI) as a measure for overweight is not an ideal predictor of % body fat (%BF) either in children and adolescents or in adults. On the contrary, it disguises a phenomenon called “hidden obesity”. Objectives We aim to approximate %BF by combining skeletal robusticity and BMI and develop an estimation-based tool to identify normal weight obese children and adolescents. Sample and Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data on height, weight, elbow breadth, and skinfold thickness (triceps and subscapular) of German children aged 6 to 18 years (N=15,034). We used modified Hattori charts and multiple linear regression to develop a tool, the “%BF estimator”, to estimate %BF by using BMI and skeletal robusticity measured as Frame Index. Results Independent of sex and age an increase in BMI is associated with an increase in %BF, an increase in Frame Index is associated with a decrease in %BF. The developed tool “%BF estimator” allows the estimation of %BF per sex and age group after calculation of BMI and Frame Index. Conclusion The “%BF estimator” is an easily applicable tool for the estimation of %BF in respect of body composition for clinical practice, screening, and public health research. It is non-invasive and has high accuracy. Further, it allows the identification of normal weight obese children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Customized Nutritional Intervention to Improve Body Composition, Macronutrient Intake, and Nutritional Behavior in Moderate to Severe Obese Children and Adolescents (P21-063-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieun Kim ◽  
YoonMyung Kim ◽  
Kyung-Hee Park ◽  
Han Byul Jang ◽  
Hye-Ja Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Nutritional Behavior ◽  
Severely Obese

Abstract Objectives Evidence-based customized nutritional interventions are required for effective treatment of moderately-severely obese children and adolescents. Methods Eligible participants who agreed to participate in the intervention program provided informed consent. Customized nutritional intervention was implemented for each participant based on a nutrition care process (NCP) model. Sociodemographic assessment, anthropometrics, biochemical data, health- and dietary-related behaviors, and dietary intake of the study subjects were assessed at baseline and follow-up. All participants engaged in 30-minute nutritional sessions on a monthly basis. Results One hundred three [mean age: 12.4 years, severely obese: n = 69(67%)] children and adolescents were assessed at baseline. After 16 weeks, there were significant improvements in body composition [BMI (−0.8 ± 0.9, P < 0.05), BMI z-score (−0.3 ± 0.2, P < 0.001), body fat (kg) (−1.3 ± 2.1, P < 0.05), and body fat (%)(−1.5 ± 1.9, P < 0.05)] as well as macronutrient intake [total energy intake (kcal)(−563.7 ± 656.8, P < 0.05), energy (%)(−26.5 ± 30.0, P < 0.05) and fat (g)(−28.3 ± 40.6, P < 0.05)] in the adherent group than the non-adherent group. The stage of change according to the transtheoretical model (TTM) was higher in both groups after the intervention (P < 0.001). Conclusions Our customized nutritional intervention resulted in improvements in body composition, macronutrient intake, and nutritional behavior in adherent moderately-severely obese children and adolescents. These results highlight the positive effects of an evidence-based approach as a multidisciplinary intervention for people-centered nutritional care and weight management. Funding Sources This study was funded by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Grant 2015-ER6401-00.

scholarly journals The Obemat2.0 Study: A Clinical Trial of a Motivational Intervention for Childhood Obesity Treatment

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Luque ◽  
Albert Feliu ◽  
Joaquín Escribano ◽  
Natalia Ferré ◽  
Gemma Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Motivational Intervention ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Post Intervention

The primary aim of the Obemat2.0 trial was to evaluate the efficacy of a multicomponent motivational program for the treatment of childhood obesity, coordinated between primary care and hospital specialized services, compared to the usual intervention performed in primary care. This was a cluster randomized clinical trial conducted in Spain, with two intervention arms: motivational intervention group vs. usual care group (as control), including 167 participants in each. The motivational intervention consisted of motivational interviewing, educational materials, use of an eHealth physical activity monitor and three group-based sessions. The primary outcome was body mass index (BMI) z score increments before and after the 12 (+3) months of intervention. Secondary outcomes (pre-post intervention) were: adherence to treatment, waist circumference (cm), fat mass index (z score), fat free mass index (z score), total body water (kg), bone mineral density (z score), blood lipids profile, glucose metabolism, and psychosocial problems. Other assessments (pre and post-intervention) were: sociodemographic information, physical activity, sedentary activity, neuropsychological testing, perception of body image, quality of the diet, food frequency consumption and foods available at home. The results of this clinical trial could open a window of opportunity to support professionals at the primary care to treat childhood obesity. The clinicaltrials.gov identifier was NCT02889406.

Does body fat percentage predict post-exercise heart rate response in non-obese children and adolescents?

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Jezdimirovic ◽  
Valdemar Stajer ◽  
Sasa Semeredi ◽  
Julio Calleja-Gonzalez ◽  
Sergej M. Ostojic
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Post Exercise

AbstractBackground:A correlation between adiposity and post-exercise autonomic regulation has been established in overweight and obese children. However, little information exists about this link in non-obese youth. The main purpose of this cross-sectional study was to describe the relationship between body fat percentage (BFP) and heart rate recovery after exercise [post-exercise heart rate (PEHR)], a marker of autonomic regulation, in normal-weight children and adolescents.Methods:We evaluated the body composition of 183 children and adolescents (age 15.0±2.3 years; 132 boys and 51 girls) who performed a maximal graded exercise test on a treadmill, with the heart rate monitored during and immediately after exercise.Results:A strong positive trend was observed in the association between BFP and PEHR (r=0.14; p=0.06). Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that our model explained 18.3% of the variance in PEHR (p=0.00), yet BFP accounted for only 0.9% of the variability in PEHR (p=0.16). The evaluation of the contribution of each independent variable revealed that only two variables made a unique statistically significant contribution to our model (p<0.01), with age contributing 38.7% to our model (p=0.00) while gender accounted for an additional 25.5% (p=0.01). Neither BFP (14.4%; p=0.16) nor cardiorespiratory endurance (5.0%, p=0.60) made a significant unique contribution to the model.Conclusions:Body fatness seems to poorly predict PEHR in our sample of non-obese children and adolescents, while non-modifiable variables (age and gender) were demonstrated as strong predictors of heart rate recovery. The low amount of body fat reported in non-obese young participants was perhaps too small to cause disturbances in autonomic nervous system regulation.

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