scholarly journals PERBEDAAN KADAR SENG (ZN) RAMBUT BERDASARKAN DERAJAT STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA 6-9 TAHUN

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-372
Author(s):  
Arindha Rahmawati ◽  
Yekti Wirawanni
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Growth Disorders ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Hair Zinc ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Height For Age

Background: Stunting is a linear growth disorders are caused by chronic malnutrition especially zinc deficiency. Hair zinc concentrations can describe zinc status in the long term. The aim of this study is to investigate difference hair zinc concentrations based on degree of stunting in 6-9 years old children.Method: This cross sectional study was carried out on 57 school children aged 6-9 years. The subjects were chosen by stratified random sampling. Assessment degree of stunting are expressed by Height for Age Z-score (HAZ). Hair zinc concentrations was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) methods, the hair zinc concentrations less than 70 ppm was considered as chronic zinc deficiency. Bivariate analysis was using Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Rank Spearman.Results: The prevalence of nonstunting (-1≤HAZ<2 SD), mild stunting  (-2≤HAZ<-1 SD), moderate stunting (-3≤HAZ<-2 SD), and severe stunting (HAZ<-3SD) was 38,6%, 33,3%, 22,8%, and 5,3%, respectively. The median value hair zinc concentrations were 579,13 ppm. Out of 57 subjects, 26,3% had normal hair zinc concentrations, 73,7% had excess hair zinc concentrations, and no subject that experience of zinc deficiency. There is a significant difference on hair zinc concentrations based on degree of stunting (p=0,010) and positive correlation between hair zinc concentrations with Height for Age Z-score (HAZ) (r=0,303 ; p=0,022).Conclusion : There is a significant difference between hair zinc concentrations based on degree of stunting and significant correlation between hair zinc concentrations with Height for Age Z-score (HAZ). Hair zinc concentrations increased with increasing Height for Age Z-score (HAZ).Keywords : Degree of stunting, Height for Age Z-score (HAZ), Hair zinc concentrations, malnutrition, children 

scholarly journals Intergenerational Association of Short Maternal Stature with Stunting in Yanomami Indigenous Children from the Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9130
Author(s):  
Jesem Orellana ◽  
Giovanna Gatica-Domínguez ◽  
Juliana dos Santos Vaz ◽  
Paulo Neves ◽  
Ana de Vasconcellos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Stature ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Maternal Height ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Height For Age

To describe the factors associated to stunting in <5-year-old Yanomami Brazilian children, and to evaluate the association of short maternal stature to their offspring’s stunting. A cross-sectional study carried out in three villages in the Yanomami territory. We performed a census, in which all households with children < 5-years-old were included. The length/height-for-age z-score <−2 standard deviations was used to classify the children as stunted. Short maternal height was defined as <145 cm for adult women, and <−2 standard deviations of the height-for-age z-score for adolescent women. We used adjusted Poisson regression models to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) along the 90% confidence interval. We evaluated 298 children. 81.2% of children suffered from stunting and 71.9% of the mothers from short stature. In the bivariate analysis, a significant association of stunting with short maternal stature, gestational malaria and child’s place of birth were observed. Considering the variables of the children under five years of age, there were significant associations with age group, the child’s caregiver, history of malaria, pneumonia, and malnutrition treatment. In the adjusted hierarchical model, stunting was 1.22 times greater in the offspring of women with a short stature (90% CI: 1.07–1.38) compared to their counterparts. Brazilian Amazonian indigenous children living in a remote area displayed an alarming prevalence of stunting, and this was associated with short maternal height, reinforcing the hypothesis of intergenerational chronic malnutrition transmission in this population. In addition, children above 24 months of age, who were born in the village healthcare units and who had had previous treatment in the past for stunting presented higher rates of stunting in this study.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of under-five children in rural Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Liton Chandra Sen ◽  
Md. Sabbir Ahmed ◽  
Abu Shoeb Md. Touhiduzzaman ◽  
Soumitra Mandal ◽  
AH Towfique Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Childhood Stunting ◽  
Height For Age

A cross-sectional study was carried out in Dumki Upazila of Patuakhali district in Bangladesh to assess the prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight among the under-five children. Anthropometric measurements were taken from all children, aged 0-59 months in the studied area using wooden height board and digital weight machine. We used WHO Anthro software for analyzing the z scores of the children. A total of 4409 (2296 boys and 2113 girls) under five children were counted for anthropometric analysis.  Regarding the Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ), the study revealed that the prevalence of stunting was 27.10% (95% CI: 25.8-28.5) of the children while 7.80% (95% CI: 7-8.6) were severe stunting. By assessing the Weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ), the study showed that 11.20% (95% CI: 10.3-12.1) were wasting whereas 3% (95% CI 2.5-3.5) were severe wasting. According to Weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), about 18.20% (95% CI: 17-19.3) were underweight and 4.1% (95% CI: 3.5-4.7) were underweight. The findings of the study show that prevalence of stunting is very high. Focusing on childhood stunting is a high priority, and there should be comprehensive efforts to increase the overall nutritional status of the under-five children in this area.

scholarly journals The Childhood Growth of Twin Children

1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Luke ◽  
S. Leurgans ◽  
L. Keith ◽  
D. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Twin Children ◽  
Current Weight

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the childhood growth of twin children in terms of the effects of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and discordancy at birth on the incidence and severity of stunting and discordancy in current height and weight. The study was part of a cross-sectional field project conducted at the Annual Twins Days Festival in Twinsburg. Ohio, USA, during 1990, 1991, and 1993, and including all twin children between 2 and 12 years of age. Mothers of twins were interviewed regarding their children's birthweights and gestational age; the twin children were measured for their current heights and weights. The study population included 990 twin children, including 555 boys and 435 girls, of which there were 254 boy pairs and 194 girl pairs. Birthweight for gestational age and current weight and height were each converted into Z-scores and characterized as severe (Z-score <−2,0), or moderate IUGR or stunting (Z-score > −2.0 and < −1.2). For the present study discordancy in birthweight, and current height and weight was calculated for like-gender twin pairs. Only twin children with severe IUGR at birth showed an increased risk of stunting in their current height or weight, and this risk was only for moderate, not severe, stunting. Boy twins with severe IUGR at birth were at increased risk of moderate stunting in their current weight (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.55, 4.58, P = 0.002), while girl twins with severe IUGR at birth were at increased risk of moderate stunting in their current height (OR 4,09, 95% CI 1.49, 10.99, p = 0.003). Among like-gender twin pairs, there were no differences in mean or categories of birthweight or current weight discordancy, but boy twin pairs did show a significantly greater proportion of current weight discordancy compared to girl twin pairs (p = 0.005). Overall, there was a significant tendency for differences in height and weight between like-gender twin pairs to disappear over time, with the effect being greater for boy twin pairs. We conclude from these findings that twin children tend to overcome growth retardation and discordancy present at birth, and although children who had severe IUGR or discordancy at birth were more likely to have some residual moderate stunting or discordancy in height or weight, they still tended to be within normal values for their gender and current age.

scholarly journals Triglycerides, independent of Ferriman Gallwey Score, is a main determinant of free testosterone index in PCOS

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Andon Hestiantoro ◽  
Putri Deva Karimah ◽  
Amalia Shadrina ◽  
Budi Wiweko ◽  
R. Muharam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pcos Patient ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Shbg Level ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunctions

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age, affecting 5-20% of women worldwide. Hyperandrogenism, as the primary characteristic of PCOS, is not always present in every patient. The hyperandrogenic phenotype of PCOS patients is influenced by both hormonal and metabolic dysfunctions. Therefore, this study aims to determine the correlation between hormone profile, lipid profile, and clinical profile with free testosterone index in subjects with PCOS. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital between July 2014 and December 2016. The study involved 76 women with PCOS, who were classified into 2 subgroups: 39 subjects in the hyperandrogenism group and 37 subjects in the non-hyperandrogenism group. Each subject underwent physical examination, blood sample collection, and USG examination. Bivariate analysis was done using independent t-tests and Mann Whitney U-tests, while multivariate analysis was done using logistic regression. Results: Triglyceride and testosterone level showed weak (r = 0.232, p = 0.044) and moderate (r = 0.460, p ¡ 0.001) positive correlation with FTI, while SHBG level showed moderate negative correlation (r = -0.483, p ¡ 0.001). Triglyceride was also found to be determinant of hyperandrogenism condition in PCOS patient (OR 0.02, 95% CI 0.00–0.04, p = 0.013). However, there was no significant difference observed between FGS and hyperandrogenism (p = 0.43). Conclusions: Triglycerides, testosterone, and SHBG were associated with hyperandrogenism in PCOS patients, while FGS showed no such association.

scholarly journals Longterm Antiepileptic Therapy and Bone Health: Implications for Patients with Brain Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1, 2, 3) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Admir Mehičević ◽  
Nevena Mahmutbegović ◽  
Ibrahim Omerhodžić ◽  
Enra Mehmedika Suljić
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Monotherapy Group ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antiepileptic Agents ◽  
T Score ◽  
Significant Difference

<p><strong>Objective. </strong>The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) and lamotrigine (LTG) treatment on bone metabolism in epileptic patients.</p><p><strong>Patients and Methods. </strong>A cross-sectional study was performed on normal controls (N=30) and 100 patients with symptomatic epilepsy caused by a primary brain tumor, divided into two groups according to the treatment: LTG monotherapy group (N=50) and CBZ monotherapy group (N=50). For each participant serum levels of 25-OHD and osteocalcin (OCLN) were measured, and bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>. There was no statistically significant difference in the average values of vitamin D in serum between the CBZ and LTG groups (Vitamin D CBZ 17.03±}12.86 vs. Vitamin D LTG 17.97±}9.15; F=0.171, P=0.680). There was no statistically significant difference in the average values of OCLN between the CBZ and LTG groups (OCLN CBZ 26.06±}10.87 vs. OCLN LTG 27.87±}28.45; F=0.171, P=0.674). The BMD value was lower in both groups using antiepileptic agents compared to the controls, but when comparing the CBZ group to the LTG group, a statistically significant difference was only observed for the Z score (T-score CBZ: 0.08±} 1.38 vs. T-score LTG: 0.37±} 1.02; F=1.495, P=0.224; Z score CBZ: -0.05±}1.17 vs. Z. Score CBZ: 0.38±}0.96; F=4.069, P=0.046) (Table 3).</p><strong>Conclusion</strong>. The choice of antiepileptic agents for treating seizures in patients with brain tumors should be carefully evaluated in relation to their impact on bone health. These patients could benefit from supplementation and regular measurement of biochemical markers of bone turnover and BMD.

Size-adjustment techniques of lumbar spine dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements in assessing bone mineralization in children on maintenance hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanees Salem ◽  
Ashraf Bakr
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Size Adjustment ◽  
Height For Age

Abstract Objectives Growing skeleton is uniquely vulnerable to impaired mineralization in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Continued debate exists about the optimal method to adjust for body size when interpreting dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans in children with CKD given the burden of poor growth. The study aimed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of size-adjustment techniques of lumber-spine DXA measurements in assessing bone mineralization in children with kidney failure on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Methods Case-control study included 93 children on maintenance HD (9–18 years; 48 males). Participants were subjected to spinal-DXA-scan to obtain areal bone mineral density (aBMD; g/cm2). Volumetric-BMD (vBMD; g/cm3) was mathematically estimated. Z-scores of aBMD for chronological age (aBMDZ-CA), aBMD adjusted for height age (aBMDZ-HA), and vBMDZ-score were calculated using mean and SD values of age subgroups of 442 healthy controls (7–18 years). Results In short-for-age CKD patients, aBMDZ-CA was significantly lower than vBMDZ-score, while aBMDZ-HA was significantly higher than aBMDZ-CA and vBMDZ-score. In normal height-for-age CKD patients, no significant difference between aBMDZ-scores and vBMDZ-score was detected. aBMDZ-CA was significantly lower and aBMDZ-HA was significantly higher in short-for-age compared to normal height-for-age patients without significant differences in vBMDZ-score. We observed age-related decrements in the percentage of HD patients with normal densitometric Z-scores, the effect of age was less pronounced in aBMDZ-HA than vBMDZ-score. vBMDZ-score correlated negatively with age, but not with heightZ-score. Conclusions Estimated vBMD seems to be a convenient size-adjustment approach of spinal-DXA measurements in assessing BMD especially in older short-for-age children with CKD. aBMDZ-CA underestimates, while aBMDZ-HA overestimates BMD in such patients.

scholarly journals Korelasi kadar hepcidin dan asupan makanan dengan serum transferrin reseptor dan hemoglobin pada remaja stunted overweight

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
La Mani ◽  
Siti Fatimah-Muis ◽  
Apoina Kartini
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Serum Transferrin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Statistic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test

Background: Stunted overweight is associated with mild chronic inflammation. The state of inflammation will increase the expression of hepcidin, which affects the iron status of the body, besides the intake of protein, iron, and vitamin C.Objective: To analyze the correlation of hepcidin levels and food intake (protein, iron, vitamin C) with serum transferrin receptors (sTfR) and hemoglobin in stunted overweight adolescents.Method: The design of research was cross-sectional. The subjects were 64 adolescents stunted overweight aged 15-18 years in four high/vocational schools in the Banyumanik District, Semarang City. Measurement the level of hepcidin and sTfR was using the ELISA method and haemoglobin was using Cyanomethemoglobin method. Data on protein, iron, vitamin C intake was using the SQ-FFQ method. Bivariate analysis was using Pearson and Spearman correlation test then followed by multiple linear regression analysis.Results: The result showed that 89.1% subjects had adequate intake of protein, 54.7% subjects had low intake of vitamin C, 76.6% subjects had low intake of iron. Hepcidin levels in all subjects were 100% normal. There were 7.8% subjects with a low sTfR and 7.8% with a low haemoglobin level. Statistic test showed there was correlation between hepcidin with haemoglobin and sTfR (p1 = 0,010 r1 = -0,319, p2 = 0,001, r2 = 0,569). From food intake, only intake iron was correlated with haemoglobin but not with sTfR. There was significant difference between the mean of haemoglobin and sTfR among girls and boys. Further analysis, showed that only hepcidin was a weak negative determinant for sTfR (R2 = 0,120). The determinant factors for haemoglobin were gender (p=0,001) and hepcidin (p =0,004) with the value of R2 = 0,577.Conclusion: Hepcidin correlated with sTfR and haemoglobin while iron intake only correlated with hemoglobin.

Dietary Zinc Intake and Plasma Zinc Concentrations in Children with Short Stature and Failure to Thrive

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Yazbeck ◽  
Rima Hanna-Wakim ◽  
Rym El Rafei ◽  
Abir Barhoumi ◽  
Chantal Farra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Stature ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Dietary Zinc ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

Background: The burden of zinc deficiency on children includes an increased incidence of diarrhea, failure to thrive (FTT) and short stature. The aim of this study was to assess whether children with FTT and/or short stature have lower dietary zinc intake and plasma zinc concentrations compared to controls. Methods: A case-control study conducted at the American University of Beirut Medical Center included 161 subjects from 1 to 10 years of age. Results: Cases had a statistically significant lower energy intake (960.9 vs. 1,135.2 kcal for controls, p = 0.010), lower level of fat (30.3 vs. 36.5 g/day, p = 0.0043) and iron intake (7.4 vs. 9.1 mg/day, p = 0.034). There was no difference in zinc, copper, carbohydrate and protein intake between the 2 groups. The plasma zinc concentration did not differ between the cases and controls (97.4 vs. 98.2 μg/dl, p = 0.882). More cases had mild-to-moderate zinc deficiency when compared to controls with 10.3 vs. 3.6%, p = 0.095. Conclusion: Our study did not show statistically significant difference in dietary zinc intake and plasma zinc concentrations between children with FTT and/or short stature compared to healthy controls. A prospective study is planned to assess the effect of zinc supplementation on growth parameters in FTT children.

scholarly journals Multilevel Intervention Model to Improve Nutrition of Mother and Children in Banyumas Regency

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-285
Author(s):  
Erna Kusumawati ◽  
Setiyowati Rahardjo ◽  
Colti Sistiarani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Intervention Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

The community nutrition improvement with main focus on pregnant women and children up to the age of 2 years old need to be done by a cooperation across sectors. Multilevel promotion is a comprehensive intervention and modify the determinant factors. We used multilevel promotion with MATCH (Multilevel Approach to Community Health) to modify determinant factors in various levels i.e. mother, family, community, and policy that related to nutritional status of children. This research was conducted in Banyumas and Kembaran II Community Health Center working area because the nutritional problems in this area were complex, such as low exclusive breastfeeding coverage, low birth weight, and underweight children problems. This study used a quantitative analytic design with cross sectional approach. The population used for this research were pregnant women, toddlers mother, and their family. The number of sample in this research was 100 people of each population. The data was analyzed by univariate analysis to determine the intervention model of children nutrition improvement in mothers level. The effectiveness of intervention model was tested by bivariate analysis using dependent t-test. The result of this research were formulated into nutrition improvement model for mother and children through facility identification, approach, media, and information needed. There was a significant difference in knowledge of mother before and after intervention.

scholarly journals Harm Perception and Attitudes towards E-cigarette Use Among Qatar University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Kurdi ◽  
Hanan Abdul Rahim ◽  
Ghadir Al-Jayyousi ◽  
Manar Yaseen ◽  
Aetefeh Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is becoming popular worldwide especially among youth. Research reported that university students have poor knowledge and misconceptions about the health risks of e-cigarettes, which may lead students to use them even in populations where prevalence of cigarette smoking is relatively low. At this age, the influence of peers is also significant. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of e-cigarette use among university students as well as their knowledge and attitudes towards e-cigarettes. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study among Qatar University students using a self-administered online questionnaire. Descriptive univariate analysis of all variables was conducted as well as a bivariate analysis to check the association of e-cigarette use with selected variables. A binary logistic regression was conducted to assess predictors of e-cigarette use. Results: The prevalence of e-cigarette use among students was found to be 14% where 32% of them were daily users. Approximately 42% of the participants agreed that ‘e-cigarettes are less harmful to health compared to traditional cigarettes, and 45.7% of them agreed that ‘e-cigarettes can prevent smoking traditional cigarettes. The prevalence of e-cigarettes use was 16.2% among males and 12.8% among females, which showed no significant difference between the two genders. Females were more likely to use e-cigarettes because they “don’t smell” (P-value=0.023). The study showed a significant association between e-cigarette use and knowledge items (P-value < 0.05) and having a smoker among siblings or friends. At the multivariate analysis level, only the friends’ effect remained significant after controlling for the other variables (OR= 7.3, P-value=0.000). Conclusion: Our research found that university students have inadequate knowledge and misconceptions in regards to e-cigarettes use, especially among users. Effective smoking prevention policy and educational interventions are needed to enhance awareness among university students about the health effects associated with e-cigarettes use.

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