scholarly journals Image Quality of Abdominal Ultrasonography After Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is Preserved by Using Carbon Dioxide Insufflation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Suda ◽  
Yukihiro Shirota ◽  
Hiroaki Takimoto ◽  
Yasunori Tsukada ◽  
Kensaku Takishita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Gastrointestinal Mucosa ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Insufflation ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Moving Images ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Because bowel gas deteriorates the image quality of abdominal ultrasonography (AUS), it is common to perform AUS prior to esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). This one-way order limits the availability of examination appointments. To evaluate whether EGD using insufflation of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is rapidly absorbed by the gastrointestinal mucosa, preserves the image quality of AUS performed subsequently, we designed a non-inferiority test in which each subject underwent AUS, EGD with CO2 insufflation, and a second AUS. All saved AUS moving images were randomized and evaluated using a four-point Likert scale that divides the depiction rate by 25%. Sample size was calculated to be 26 and 30 subjects were enrolled. The mean and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the image quality score at pre- and post-EGD AUS were 3.54 [3.48–3.60] and 3.46 [3.39–3.52], respectively. The difference in the means was 0.08, corresponding to a 2% depiction rate. The effect size was 0.172. The image quality of post-EGD AUS was not inferior, as demonstrated by the 97.5% CI of the difference, which did not cross the non-inferiority margin of –0.40 corresponding to depiction rate of –10%. Because EGD using CO2 insufflation does not appreciably deteriorate the image quality of AUS performed subsequently, it is permissible to perform EGD prior to AUS.

scholarly journals P1398 Echocardiographic continuous monitoring of exercise stress test using probe fixation device

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Wdowiak-Okrojek ◽  
P Wejner-Mik ◽  
Z Bednarkiewicz ◽  
P Lipiec ◽  
J D Kasprzak
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Exercise Stress Test ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Fixation Device ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Stress echocardiography (SE) plays an important role among methods of noninvasive diagnosis of ischemic disease. Despite the advantages of physical exercise as the most physiologic stressor, it is difficult (bicycle ergometer) or impossible (treadmill) to obtain and maintain the acoustic window during the exercise. Recently, an innovative probe fixation device was introduced and a research plan was developed to assess the feasibility of external probe fixation during exercise echocardiography on a supine bicycle and upright treadmill exercise for the first time. Methods 37 subjects (36 men, mean age 39 ± 16 years, 21 healthy volunteers, 16 patients with suspected coronary artery disease) were included in this study. This preliminary testing stage included mostly men due to more problematic probe fixation in women. All subjects underwent a submaximal exercise stress test on a treadmill (17/37) or bicycle ergometer (11/37). Both sector and matrix probes were used. We assessed semi-quantitatively the quality of acquired apical views at each stage – the four-point grading system was used (0-no view, 1-suboptimal quality, 2-optimal quality, 3-very good quality), 2-3 sufficient for diagnosis. Results The mean time required for careful positioning of the probe and image optimization was 12 ± 3 min and shortened from 13,7 to 11,1 minutes (mean) in first vs second half of the cohort documenting learning curve. At baseline, 9 patients had at least one apical view of quality precluding reliable analysis. Those patients were excluded from further assessment. During stress, 17 patients maintained the optimal or very good quality of all apical views, whereas in 11 patients the quality significantly decreased during the stress test and required probe repositioning. The mean image quality score at baseline was 2,61 ± 0,48 and 2,25 ± 0,6 after exercise. Expectedly, good image quality was easier to obtain and maintain in the supine position (score 2,74 ± 0,44) points as compared with upright position (score 2,25 ± 0,57). Conclusion This preliminary, unique experience with external probe fixation device indicates that continuous acquisition and monitoring of echocardiographic images is feasible during physical exercise, and for the first time ever - also on the treadmill. This feasibility data stem from almost exclusively male patients and the estimated rate of sufficient image quality throughout the entire test is currently around 60%. We are hoping, that gaining more experience with the product could increase the success rate on exercise tests. Abstract P1398 Figure. Treadmill and ergometer stress test

A New Equal Area Method to Calculate and Represent Physiologic, Anatomical, and Alveolar Dead Spaces

2006 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongquan Tang ◽  
Martin J. Turner ◽  
A Barry Baker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Dead Space ◽  
Graphical Method ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Equal Area ◽  
Area Method ◽  
Physiologic Dead Space ◽  
Anatomical Dead Space ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background Physiologic dead space is usually estimated by the Bohr-Enghoff equation or the Fletcher method. Alveolar dead space is calculated as the difference between anatomical dead space estimated by the Fowler equal area method and physiologic dead space. This study introduces a graphical method that uses similar principles for measuring and displaying anatomical, physiologic, and alveolar dead spaces. Methods A new graphical equal area method for estimating physiologic dead space is derived. Physiologic dead spaces of 1,200 carbon dioxide expirograms obtained from 10 ventilated patients were calculated by the Bohr-Enghoff equation, the Fletcher area method, and the new graphical equal area method and were compared by Bland-Altman analysis. Dead space was varied by varying tidal volume, end-expiratory pressure, inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio, and inspiratory hold in each patient. Results The new graphical equal area method for calculating physiologic dead space is shown analytically to be identical to the Bohr-Enghoff calculation. The mean difference (limits of agreement) between the physiologic dead spaces calculated by the new equal area method and Bohr-Enghoff equation was -0.07 ml (-1.27 to 1.13 ml). The mean difference between new equal area method and the Fletcher area method was -0.09 ml (-1.52 to 1.34 ml). Conclusions The authors' equal area method for calculating, displaying, and visualizing physiologic dead space is easy to understand and yields the same results as the classic Bohr-Enghoff equation and Fletcher area method. All three dead spaces--physiologic, anatomical, and alveolar--together with their relations to expired volume, can be displayed conveniently on the x-axis of a carbon dioxide expirogram.

The Quality Analysis of Hallux Valgus Videos on YouTube

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enes Sari ◽  
Levent FAZLI Umur
Keyword(s):  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Youtube Videos ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to evaluate the information quality of YouTube videos on hallux valgus. METHODS:A YouTube search was performed using the keyword 'hallux valgus' to determine the first 300 videos related to hallux valgus. A total of 54 videos met our inclusion criteria and evaluated for information quality by using DISCERN, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) and hallux valgus information assessment (HAVIA) scores. Number of views, time since the upload date, view rate, number of comments, number of likes, number of dislikes, video power index (VPI) values were calculated to determine video popularity. Video length (sec), video source and video content were also noted. The relation between information quality and these factors were statistically evaluated. RESULTS:The mean DISCERN score was 30.35{plus minus}11.56 (poor quality) (14-64), the mean JAMA score was 2.28{plus minus}0.96 (1-4), and the mean HAVIA score was 3.63{plus minus}2.42 (moderate quality) (0.5-8.5). Although videos uploaded by physicians had higher mean DISCERN, JAMA, and HAVIA scores than videos uploaded by non-physicians, the difference was not statistically significant. Additionally, view rates and VPI values were higher for videos uploaded by health channels, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between video length and DISCERN (r= 0.294, p= 0.028), and HAVIA scores (r= 0.326, p= 0.015). CONCLUSIONS:This present study demonstrated that the quality of information available on YouTube videos about hallux valgus was low and insufficient. Videos containing accurate information from reliable sources are needed to educate patients on hallux valgus, especially in less frequently mentioned topics such as postoperative complications and healing period.

Performance Characteristics of Several Rules for Self-interpretation of Proficiency Testing Data

2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (8) ◽  
pp. 997-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Neill Carey ◽  
George S. Cembrowski ◽  
Carl C. Garber ◽  
Zohreh Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Proficiency Testing ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Allowable Error ◽  
Detection Capabilities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Context.—Proficiency testing (PT) participants can interpret their results to detect errors even when their performance is acceptable according to the limits set by the PT provider. Objective.—To determine which rules for interpreting PT data provide optimal performance for PT with 5 samples per event. Design.—We used Monte Carlo computer simulation techniques to study the performance of several rules, relating their error detection capabilities to (1) the analytic quality of the method, (2) the probability of failing PT, and (3) the ratio of the peer group SD to the mean intralaboratory SD. Analytic quality is indicated by the ratio of the PT allowable error to the intralaboratory SD. Failure of PT was defined (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988) as an event when 2 or more results out of 5 exceeded acceptable limits. We investigated rules with limits based on the SD index, the mean SD index, and percentages of allowable error. Results.—No single rule performs optimally across the range of method quality. Conclusions.—We recommend further investigation when PT data cause rejection by any of the following 3 rules: any result exceeds 75% of allowable error, the difference between any 2 results exceeds 4 times the peer group SD, or the mean SD index of all 5 results exceeds 1.5. As method quality increases from marginal to high, false rejections range from 16% to nearly zero, and the probability of detecting a shift equal to 2 times the intralaboratory SD ranges from 94% to 69%.

EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF POULTRY FEEDS SOLD IN KATSINA METROPOLIS, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 601-607
Author(s):  
A. U. Uduma ◽  
Joseph Akumah Ojogba ◽  
O. E. Okafor
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Poultry Feeds ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Percent Moisture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

In Katsina metropolitan, a variety of poultry feeds are available, and the quality and standards of these feeds are critical for the production of eggs and meat. As a result, the quality of selected chicken feeds sold in Katsina metropolitan was assessed by performing proximate analysis using AOAC methodology. Super starter, grower concentrate, broiler finisher, broiler starter, broiler super starter, layer mesh, grower mesh, and layer concentrate were among the samples used. The percentage mean to standard deviation was used to express the findings. The crude protein content of the diets studied ranged from 0.46 ± 0.00 percent to, 8.24± 0.02 percent, ash content 6.31± 0.01 percent – 33.30± 0.04 percent, crude fiber content 1.03 ±0.00 percent – 3.21± 0.00 percent, lipid content 0.11± 0.00 percent, 2.30 ±0.00 percent, moisture content 4.28 ±0.25 – 6.66 ±0.78 percent, and carbohydrate content 51.78± 2.68 – 83.72 ±0.57 percent. Although there was variation in the mean and standard deviation levels among the samples analyzed, such variations were not statistically significant (P>0.05) according to a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the difference in the mean levels of parameters evaluated in eight samples

Oxygen cost of voluntary hyperventilation

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Oxygen Cost ◽  
Voluntary Hyperventilation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Circuit Technique

The oxygen cost of voluntary hyperventilation was measured using an open circuit technique with three variations, unaided hyperventilation of air, breathing through an increased dead space and adding carbon dioxide to the inspired air. After a given minute volume had been maintained for 10 minutes, the oxygen consumption was the same with the three methods, in spite of marked differences in the respiratory exchange ratio and volume of carbon dioxide produced. The mean oxygen cost for all three methods was 3.2 ml/l. of ventilation. The amount of nonmetabolic oxygen stored during the first minute of hyperventilation was estimated by finding the difference between the oxygen uptake during the 1st minute and the amount utilized when a steady state is reached. It is concluded that the effects of changing oxygen stores are minimal after 10 minutes of hyperventilation and probably after 5 minutes, at a constant minute volume. Note: (With the Technical Assistance of Liana Nebel) Submitted on June 27, 1958

Identifying Effectors of Outcomes in Patients with Large Umbilical Hernias

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Groene ◽  
Davis W. Heniford ◽  
Tanushree Prasad ◽  
Amy E. Lincourt ◽  
Vedra A. Augenstein
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Hernia ◽  
Defect Size ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Preoperative Pain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year

Quality of life (QOL) has become an important focus of hernia repair outcomes. This study aims to identify factors which lead to ideal outcomes (asymptomatic and without recurrence) in large umbilical hernias (defect size ≥9 cm2). Review of the prospective International Hernia Mesh Registry was performed. The Carolinas Comfort Scale was used to measure QOL at 1-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. Demographics, operative details, complications, and QOL data were evaluated using standard statistical methods. Forty-four large umbilical hernia repairs were analyzed. Demographics included: average age 53.6 ± 12.0 and body mass index 34.9 ± 7.2 kg/m2. The mean defect size was 21.7 ± 16.9 cm2, and 72.7 per cent were performed laparoscopically. Complications included hematoma (2.3%), seroma (12.6%), and recurrence (9.1%). Follow-up and ideal outcomes were one month = 28.2 per cent, six months = 42.9 per cent, one year = 55.6 per cent. All patients who remained symptomatic at one and two years were significantly symptomatic before surgery. Symptomatic preoperative activity limitation was a significant predictor of nonideal outcomes at one year ( P = 0.02). Symptomatic preoperative pain was associated with nonideal outcomes at one year, though the difference was not statistically significant ( P = 0.06). Operative technique, mesh choice, and fixation technique did not impact recurrence or QOL. Repair of umbilical hernia with defects ≥9 cm2 had a surprising low rate of ideal outcomes (asymptomatic and no recurrence). All patients with nonideal long-term outcomes had preoperative pain and activity limitations. These data may suggest that umbilical hernia should be repaired when they are small and asymptomatic.

The microcirculation image quality score: Development and preliminary evaluation of a proposed approach to grading quality of image acquisition for bedside videomicroscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Massey ◽  
Ethan LaRochelle ◽  
Gabriel Najarro ◽  
Adarsh Karmacharla ◽  
Ryan Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Image Quality Score ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation

A SPATIAL DOMAIN OBJECT SEPARABILITY BASED NO-REFERENCE IMAGE QUALITY MEASURE USING MEAN AND VARIANCE

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 1340005 ◽  
Author(s):  
KANJAR DE ◽  
V. MASILAMANI
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Image Quality Assessment ◽  
Quality Measure ◽  
Reference Image ◽  
Individual Object ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Image Quality Measure ◽  
Good Quality Image ◽  
Degraded Images

In many modern image processing applications determining quality of the image is one of the most challenging tasks. Researchers working in the field of image quality assessment design algorithms for measuring and quantifying image quality. The human eye can identify the difference between a good quality image and a noisy image by simply looking at the image, but designing a computer algorithm to automatically determine the quality of an image is a very challenging task. In this paper, we propose an image quality measure using the concept of object separability. We define object separability using variance. Two objects are very well separated if variance of individual object is less and mean pixel values of neighboring objects are very different. Degradation in images can be due to a number of reasons like additive noises, quantization defects, sampling defects, etc. The proposed no-reference image quality measure will determine quality of degraded images and differentiate between good and degraded images.

scholarly journals Image quality of 16-slice computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with complete left bundle branch block

Medicina ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Antanas Jankauskas ◽  
Jurgita Zaveckienė ◽  
Gabija Pundziūtė ◽  
Rimvydas Šlapikas ◽  
Algidas Basevičius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Left Bundle Branch Block ◽  
Multislice Computed Tomography ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bundle Branch Block

Objective. Noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease in patients with left bundle branch block is challenging. Multislice computed tomography can be useful in this population; however, quality of images depends on the patterns of myocardial contractions. We investigated the influence of left bundle branch block on image quality of multislice computed tomography coronary angiography. Materials and methods. Multislice computed tomography coronary angiography was performed in 30 patients with left bundle branch block and 30 patients without conduction disturbances. Image quality of each coronary segment was visually assessed and rated on a five-point scale (1=highest quality). Results. Average image quality score in the best cardiac cycle phase did not differ significantly between groups (1.71±0.59 in the left bundle branch block group vs. 1.60±0.57 in the control group, P=0.46). In the left bundle branch block group, a significantly lower image quality score was observed in end-systolic cardiac phase (2.67±0.6 vs. 2.22±0.65 in the control group, P=0.007), whereas no difference was demonstrated in mid-diastolic phase (1.73±0.6 vs. 1.69±0.66 in the control group, P=0.81). After image assessment in multiple cardiac phases, an increase in image quality score was higher in the left bundle branch block than in the control group (0.2±0.17 vs. 0.11±0.14, P=0.003). A negative correlation was observed between image quality score and both the heart rate and heart rate variability in both groups (P<0.001). Conclusion. A nonsignificantly lower overall image quality of multislice computed tomography coronary angiography was demonstrated in the left bundle branch block group. In the presence of left bundle branch block, image quality in the end-systolic phase was significantly lower. Image assessment in multiple phases increased overall image quality and is therefore advisable in patients with left bundle branch block. Increased heart rate and heart rate variability worsened image quality in both groups.

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