scholarly journals Patterns and trends of hospital mortality due to non-communicable diseases and injuries in Tanzania: a 10- year retrospective analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard E.G. Mboera ◽  
Coleman Kishamawe ◽  
Susan F. Rumisha ◽  
Mercy G. Chiduo ◽  
Evord Kimario
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background: Globally, non-communicable diseases (NCD) kill about 40 million people annually, with about three-quarters of the deaths occurring in low and middle-income countries. This study was carried out to determine the patterns, trends, and causes of non-communicable disease mortality in hospitals of Tanzania from 2006-2015.Methods: This retrospective study involved primary, secondary, tertiary, and specialized hospitals in Tanzania. Death statistics were extracted from inpatient department registers, death registers, and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) report forms. Variables collected were deceased’s age, sex, cause and date of death. The ICD-10 coding system was used to assign each death to its underlying cause. Data were analysed using STATA version 14. Results: A total of 247,976 deaths were reported during the 10 years (2006–2015) in 39 hospitals. Of the total deaths, 67,711 (27.3%) were due to non-communicable diseases (NCD) and injuries. Cardio-circulatory diseases (31.9%), cancers (18.6%), chronic respiratory diseases (18.4%), and injuries (17.9%) accounted for the largest proportion (86.8%) of deaths due to NCDs. The majority (57.6%) of deaths due to NCD occurred among males. Overall, the total deaths from NCDs increased by 153.3% from 4,298 in 2006 to 10,886 in 2015. The age group 15-59 years (53.4%) was the most affected category. The overall 10-year annual age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for all NCDs and injuries was 235.2 per 100,0000 population. It was higher for males (287.2/100,000) than for females (186.7/100,000). The annual ASMR increased from 11.9 in 2006 to 36.5 per 100,000 populations in 2015. Most of the NCD deaths occurred in the secondary (40.0%) and primary level hospitals (27.8%). There were variations in the type of non-communicable diseases by geographical distributions. Conclusions: There was a substantial increase in ASMR due to NCDs and injuries in Tanzania from 2006 to 2015. Most of the deaths due to NCD and injuries affected the productive young adult group and males. The burden caused by NCD in the most productive ages means that families, communities, and the nation at large suffer from premature deaths. The government of Tanzania must invest in early detection and timely treatment of NCDs to reduce premature deaths.

scholarly journals Non-communicable disease pattern in adults seeking preventive general health checkup

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Bikash Shrestha ◽  
Bipin Nepal ◽  
Ravi Mahat ◽  
Abish Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
General Health ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Health Checkup ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Normal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
The Government

Non Communicable diseases (NCDs) are now endemic in low and middle income countries. Nepal had a high burden of communicable diseases (CDs) which has now been overtaken by NCDs. Although prevention and control of NCDs is prioritized in national policies and strategies, there is no proper monitoring system. This study aims to review the morbidity pattern among the adults seeking preventive general health checkup in a major tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu. 3000 cases were evaluated. 53.6% were males and 46.4% were females. The mean age of cases was 44.9 yrs. Most of the cases ranged from 40 to 60 years of age. Almost half of them were from Kathmandu district. Nearly 78% participants live a sedentary life. Abdominal obesity was seen in 27.5% of females and 21.7% of males. Nearly 49% of cases were overweight and 24% were obese. Almost 21 % of the cases were smokers and about 36% of them consumed alcohol. Only 9% are vegetarians. 10% have diabetes and 20% have hypertension. 69% of females and 43% of males have less than normal bone mineral density. The government and private sectors must focus on strengthening preventive and curative services for early detection of risk factors and management of NCDs.

scholarly journals Mortality from respiratory infections and chronic non-communicable diseases before the COVID-19 pandemic in Cali, Colombia.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Luis Eduardo Bravo Ocaña ◽  
Paola Collazos ◽  
Elvia Karina Grillo Ardila ◽  
Luz Stella García ◽  
Erquinovaldo Millán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Classification Of Diseases

Introduction: The COVID-19 disease pandemic is a health emergency. Older people and those with chronic noncommunicable diseases are more likely to develop serious illnesses, equire ventilatory support, and die from complications. Objective: To establish deaths from respiratory infections and some chronic non-communicable diseases that occurred in Cali, before the SARS-CoV-2 disease pandemic. Methods: During the 2003-2019 period, 207,261 deaths were registered according to the general mortality database of the Municipal Secretary of Health of Cali. Deaths were coded with the International Classification of Diseases and causes of death were grouped according to WHO guidelines. Rates were standardized by age and are expressed per 100,000 people-year. Results: A direct relationship was observed between aging and mortality from respiratory infections and chronic non-communicable diseases. Age-specific mortality rates were highest in those older than 80 years for all diseases evaluated. Seasonal variation was evident in respiratory diseases in the elderly. Comments: Estimates of mortality rates from respiratory infections and chronic non-communicable diseases in Cali provide the baseline that will serve as a comparison to estimate the excess mortality caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Health authorities and decision makers should be guided by reliable estimates of mortality and of the proportion of infected people who die from SARS-CoV-2 virus infection.

scholarly journals Non-communicable diseases are key to further narrow gender gap in life expectancy in Shanghai, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanyi Chen ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Lianghong Sun ◽  
Yichen Chen ◽  
Xiaobin Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Abstract Background To address change in gender gap of life expectancy (GGLE) in Shanghai from 1973 to 2018, and to identify the major causes of death and age groups associated with the change overtime.Methods Retrospective demographic analysis with application of Joinpoint regression to evaluate the temporal trend in GGLE. Causes of death were coded in accordance with International Classification of Diseases and mapped with the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) cause list. Life table technique and decomposition method was used to express changes in GGLE.Results Trend of GGLE in Shanghai experienced two phases ie., a decrease from 8.4 to 4.2 years in the descent phase (1973-1999) and a fluctuation between 4.0 and 4.9 years in the plateau phase (1999-2018). The reduced age-specific mortality rates tended to concentrate to a narrower age range, from age 0-9 and above 30 years in the descent phase to age above 55 years in the plateau phase. Gastroesophageal and liver cancer, communicable, chronic respiratory and digestive diseases were once the major contributors to narrow GGLE in the descent phase. While importance should be attached to a widening effect on GGLE by lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, other neoplasms like colorectal and pancreatic cancer and diabetes in recent plateau phase.Conclusions Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have made GGLE enter a plateau phase from a descent phase in Shanghai China. Public efforts to reduce excess mortalities for male NCDs, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes in particular and health policies focused on the middle-aged and elderly population might further narrow GGLE and ensure improvement in health and health equity in Shanghai China.

scholarly journals Non-communicable diseases are key to further narrow gender gap in life expectancy in Shanghai, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanyi Chen ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Lianghong Sun ◽  
Yichen Chen ◽  
Xiaobin Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Abstract Background: To address change in gender gap of life expectancy (GGLE) in Shanghai from 1973 to 2018, and to identify the major causes of death and age groups associated with the change overtime.Methods: Retrospective demographic analysis with application of Joinpoint regression to evaluate the temporal trend in GGLE. Causes of death were coded in accordance with International Classification of Diseases and mapped with the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) cause list. Life table technique and decomposition method was used to express changes in GGLE.Results: Trend of GGLE in Shanghai experienced two phases ie., a decrease from 8.4 to 4.2 years in the descent phase (1973-1999) and a fluctuation between 4.0 and 4.9 years in the plateau phase (1999-2018). The reduced age-specific mortality rates tended to concentrate to a narrower age range, from age 0-9 and above 30 years in the descent phase to age above 55 years in the plateau phase. Gastroesophageal and liver cancer, communicable, chronic respiratory and digestive diseases were once the major contributors to narrow GGLE in the descent phase. While importance should be attached to a widening effect on GGLE by lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, other neoplasms like colorectal and pancreatic cancer and diabetes in recent plateau phase.Conclusions: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have made GGLE enter a plateau phase from a descent phase in Shanghai China. Public efforts to reduce excess mortalities for male NCDs, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes in particular and health policies focused on the middle-aged and elderly population might further narrow GGLE and ensure improvement in health and health equity in Shanghai China.

scholarly journals Deteksi Dini Faktor Risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular Pada Masyarakat Desa Andepali Kecamatan Sampara Kabupaten Konawe

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
I Putu Sudayasa ◽  
Muhammad Fathur Rahman ◽  
Amiruddin Eso ◽  
Jamaluddin Jamaluddin ◽  
Parawansah Parawansah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases

ABSTRAKPenyakit tidak menular (PTM) merupakan penyakit yang tidak ditularkan dan tidak ditransmisikan kepada orang lain dengan bentuk kontak apapun, menyebabkan kematian dan membunuh sekitar 35 juta manusia setiap tahunnya, atau 60% dari seluruh kematian secara global, dengan 80% pervalensi pada negara berkembang. Penyakit tidak menular, khususnya penyakit kardiovaskuler, kanker, penyakit pernapasan kronis, dan diabetes merupakan ancaman utama bagi kesehatan dan perkembangan manusia saat ini. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat yang terintegrasi kuliah kerja nyata (KKN) Tematik, untuk mendeteksi faktor risiko penyakit tidak menular, pada masyarakat Kecamatan Sampara, Kabupaten Konawe. Metode kegiatan berupa penyuluhan kesehatan, pemeriksaan tekanan darah, kadar kolesterol, gula darah sewaktu dan asam urat. Telah dilakukan skrining dan deteksi dini fator risiko penyakit tidak menular terhadap 67 orang responden, meliputi 14 laki–laki dan 53 perempuan. Pada hasil pemeriksaan tekanan darah, didapatkan jumlah yang mengalami hipertensi 28,35 %, normotensi 67,16, dan hipotensi 4,47 %. Pada pemeriksaan Kolesterol Total, didapatkan  kolesterol dalam batas normal 2,38 % dan tinggi 37,31 %.  Hasil pemeriksaan gula darah sewaktu (GDS), didapatkan kadar GDS dalam batas normal 85,07 % dan kadar GDS tinggi 14,92 %. Pada pemeriksaan Asam Urat didapatkan dalam batas normal adalah 91,04 % dan tinggi 8,95 %.Kata kunci: Faktor Risiko; Penyakit Tidak Menular Early Detection of Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors in Andepali Village Community, Sampara District, Konawe RegencyABSTRACTNon-communicable disease (PTM) is a disease that is not transmitted and is not transmitted to others by any form of contact, causing death and killing around 35 million people each year, or 60% of all deaths globally, with 80% prevalence in developing countries. PTM, especially cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes are the main threats to human health and development today. The purpose of integrated community service is the Thematic Real Work Study (KKN), to detect risk factors for non-communicable diseases, in the community of Sampara District, Konawe Regency. The method of activity in the form of health education, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, blood sugar and uric acid. Screening and early detection of risk factors for non-communicable diseases have been carried out on 67 respondents, including 14 men and 53 women. On the results of blood pressure examination, it was found that the amount of hypertension was 28.35%, normotension 67.16% and hypotension 4.47%. In the examination of Total Cholesterol, cholesterol was found to be within the normal limit of 2.38% and 37.31% high. Examination results of Blood Sugar (GDS), obtained levels of GDS in the normal range of 85.07% and high GDS levels of 14.92%. In the examination of Gout found in the normal range is 91.04% and high 8.95%.Keywords: gout; blood sugar; cholesterol; non-communicable diseases; blood pressure 

Chronic non-communicable diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 841-864
Author(s):  
Philippa Boulle ◽  
Tammam Aloudat
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Management Guidance ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

With approximately 80% of non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality occurring in low- and middle-income countries, and a prevalence expected to continue trending upwards, this chapter lays out the essential information on the burden of NCDs and their importance in humanitarian settings. It outlines the general principles of NCDs, including their widespread prevalence and contribution to preventable morbidity and premature mortality. It provides specific guidance for the clinical recognition and care of the main NCDs (cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, thyroid disease, haemoglobinopathies, and renal disease), including management guidance which recognize the realities and often limited resources in the field.

Global Health Governance and the Challenge of Chronic, Non-Communicable Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger S. Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan

Judging by their contribution to the global burden of death and disability, chronic, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the most serious health challenge facing the world today. The statistics tell a frightening story. Over 35 million people died from chronic diseases in 2005 — principally cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic respiratory disease. Driven by population growth and population ageing, deaths from non-communicable diseases are expected to increase by 17% over the period 2005-2015, accounting for 69% of global deaths by 2030.Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in all regions except sub-Saharan Africa, is estimated to rise from 17.1 million deaths (2004) to 23.4 million deaths (2030). Cancer deaths will increase from 7.4 million to 11.8 million over the same period. Due to population growth, mergers and acquisitions, and the marketing of global cigarette brands in developing countries, deaths from tobacco will rise from 5.4 million per year (2005), through 6.4 million (2015), to 8.3 million by 2030. These figures include a doubling in tobacco deaths in low- and middle-income countries from 3.4 million to 6.8 million lives annually. By 2015, smoking will cause 50% more deaths than HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Awareness on health insurance and health care costs among non-communicable disease patients attending a tertiary care centre

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1301
Author(s):  
J. Jebamalar ◽  
P. K. Kailash Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Government

Background: The silent epidemic of non-communicable diseases threatens to retard the progress towards curbing catastrophic health expenditure. The present study aimed to describe the level of awareness about and utilisation of health insurance and to measure the healthcare costs for non-communicable diseases.Methods: A total of 354 adult patients suffering from non-communicable diseases, who reside in Villupuram district and attend the NCD clinic in the Government medical college hospital, Villupuram were studied over a period of 6 months.Results: 77% of the subjects were aware of health insurance. The most frequent source of information was local government officials and the hospitals themselves. 74.01% had availed some form of health insurance. There was a moderately strong correlation between loss of wages and total health expenses. The incidence of catastrophic health expenditure due to NCD clinic visits was around 7%.Conclusions: The absence of outpatient costs in the covers of most health insurance schemes may be decreasing their effectiveness in controlling catastrophic health expenditure.

scholarly journals Pattern of Non-Communicable Diseases among the Admitted Patients in a District Level Hospital of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
Md Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Anwarul Kabir ◽  
Maria Mehjabin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Background: Non-communicable Diseases (NCD), particularly cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory disease, have emerged as the leading threat to mankind worldwide. Likewise in Bangladesh, an increasing trend of incidence of NCDs has been observed and already they have become major public health concern. Hence, we aimed to study the pattern of NCDs among the admitted patients at an Upazila Health Complex (UHC) in Bangladesh. Methods: In this retrospective study, data of in-hospital patients admitted from January 2018 to June 2018 in UHC, Chhagalnaiya, Feni was analyzed. Data on age, gender, occupation, hospital admission/discharge and diagnosis of disease was obtained from the hospital register. Diseases were categorized into NCD or communicable disease using the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding system. Results: 1,367 adult patients with different diseases were admitted into the medical ward over the study period of six months (mean age 57.4 ± 17.9 years; 61.3% male and 38.7% female). There were 904 cases of various NCDs constituting 66.1% of total admissions. The number of cases of NCDs was two times more compared to CDs (ratio 2:1). In all six months, admissions due to NCDs were significantly higher compared to communicable diseases CDs (p = 0.0001). Among the admissions due to NCDs, more than half (51.3%) were aged between 50 to 69 years. In terms of pattern of disease, cardiovascular diseases were the number one cause for hospital admission followed by endocrine disorders. Conclusion: This study found that the burden of NCDs has increased among the admitted patients in an UHC. These findings could be useful to draw the attention of health authorities to adopt preventive strategies against NCDs even at Upazila level. Bangladesh Heart Journal 2019; 34(2) : 118-121

scholarly journals Non-communicable diseases are key to further narrow gender gap in life expectancy in Shanghai, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanyi Chen ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Lianghong Sun ◽  
Yichen Chen ◽  
Xiaobin Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Abstract Background: To address change in gender gap of life expectancy (GGLE) in Shanghai from 1973 to 2018, and to identify the major causes of death and age groups associated with the change overtime.Methods: Retrospective demographic analysis with application of Joinpoint regression to evaluate the temporal trend in GGLE. Causes of death were coded in accordance with International Classification of Diseases and mapped with the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) cause list. Life table technique and decomposition method was used to express changes in GGLE.Results: Trend of GGLE in Shanghai experienced two phases ie., a decrease from 8.4 to 4.2 years in the descent phase (1973-1999) and a fluctuation between 4.0 and 4.9 years in the plateau phase (1999-2018). The reduced age-specific mortality rates tended to concentrate to a narrower age range, from age 0-9 and above 30 years in the descent phase to age above 55 years in the plateau phase. Gastroesophageal and liver cancer, communicable, chronic respiratory and digestive diseases were once the major contributors to narrow GGLE in the descent phase. While importance should be attached to a widening effect on GGLE by lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, other neoplasms like colorectal and pancreatic cancer and diabetes in recent plateau phase.Conclusions: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have made GGLE enter a plateau phase from a descent phase in Shanghai China. Public efforts to reduce excess mortalities for male NCDs, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes in particular and health policies focused on the middle-aged and elderly population might further narrow GGLE and ensure improvement in health and health equity in Shanghai China.

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