scholarly journals Health Inequalities of Intra-Family Expertise Accessibility: Evidence From China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwen Wang ◽  
Donghong Xie
Keyword(s):  
Health Inequality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Reduce Health Inequality ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey ◽  
Intra Family

Abstract Objectives To investigate whether unequal exposure to health-related expertise of intra-family is the root of health inequality in China, and to explore the underlying mechanisms through which health-related expertise shapes health outcome. Methods In a representative sample of Chinese adults ages over 18 from the 2017 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) (n = 3,047 respondents), we use multiple linear regression model and the two-stage least-squares model to analyze the correlation between health-related expertise of intra-family and self-rated health. Results The presence of a health professional (HP) in the family is associated with better self-rated health (SRH), and the effect is more important in rural areas than urban areas. An increased chance of exercising appears to explain a part of the association between HP and SRH. Discussions Health professionals doing for their family members would have the potential to make a substantial dent in population health and reduce health inequality. Future work will need to understand the patterns of intra-family expertise in health (and other) domains, and the potential replicability of this transmission by public policies.

scholarly journals Green and Blue Space Availability and Self-Rated Health among Seniors in China: Evidence from a National Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Chensong Lin ◽  
Longfeng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Major River ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Many empirical studies have shown evidence of multiple health benefits provided by green and blue spaces. Despite the importance of these spaces, investigations are scarce in details for blue spaces rather than green. Moreover, most research has focused on developed regions. A limited number of studies on blue spaces can be found in China with a focus on the city level. Outcomes have been mixed due to varying research scales, methodologies, and definitions. This study relies on a national-level social survey to explore how the self-rated health (SRH) of senior individuals is associated with local green and blue space availability in urban and rural areas. Results indicate that the coverage ratio of overall green spaces and waterbodies around a resident’s home have marginal effects on SRH status in both urban and rural areas. In urban areas, living close to a park can is marginally beneficial for older people’s health. Regarding different types of blue spaces, the presence of a major river (within 0.3–0.5 km) or coastline (within 1 km and 1–5 km) in the vicinity of home negatively affects SRH among the elderly in urban areas. Close proximity to lakes and other types of waterbodies with a water surface larger than 6.25 ha did not significantly influence SRH. These findings not only evaluate general health impacts of green/blue space development on senior populations across the county but inform decision makers concerning the health-promoting qualities and features of different green/blue spaces to better accommodate an aging population in the era of urbanization.

scholarly journals Self-rated health in Brazilian adults and elderly: Data from the National Household Sample Survey 2008

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doroteia Aparecida Höfelmann ◽  
Leila Posenato Garcia ◽  
Lúcia Rolim Santana de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Physical Impairment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Health Related

Objective. To investigate prevalence of poor self-rated health and its association with individual and household-level characteristics among adults and elderly in Brazil. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional study with Brazilian National Household Sample Survey 2008 (n=257 816). Crude and multilevel-adjusted Poisson regression models were fitted. Results. After adjusted analysis, poor self-rated health was significantly associated with higher household income, living alone, not having piped water nor garbage collection, lower education, not having health insurance, female sex, higher age, being a current or previous smoker, physical inactivity, having chronic diseases, having physical impairment. Subjects living in rural areas also had higher prevalence of poor selfrated health. The factors most strongly associated with the outcome were physical impairment and reporting three or more chronic diseases. Conclusions. Socioeconomic, health related behaviors, and physical health were associated with poor self-rated health.

scholarly journals The Dynamic Impact of Nonprofit Organizations: Are Health-Related Nonprofit Organizations Associated with Improvements in Obesity at the Community Level?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson Haslam ◽  
Rebecca Nesbit ◽  
Robert K. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
The Us ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Positive Health Outcomes

AbstractNonprofit organizations have the potential to influence public health by filling voids not filled by government or private organizations. Here we investigate whether the presence of health-related nonprofit organizations at the local community level helps to improve community-level obesity. This study used a time-series design using a random effects model to determine whether the entrance or exits of health nonprofits at the county level was associated with lower obesity rates in the US one and two years following the entrance or departures of nonprofits. The effect was small but significant in urban areas, with a smaller effect in rural areas. Our findings suggest that the presence of health nonprofits is associated with positive health outcomes, in this case obesity. The plausibility may be explained through the increased role nonprofits play in fostering social capital and increased promotion of health-related issues.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the wellbeing of Irish Men’s Shed members

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisling McGrath ◽  
Niamh Murphy ◽  
Noel Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Summary COVID-19 disproportionately affects males especially those who are older and more socio-economically disadvantaged. This study assessed wellbeing outcomes among men’s shed members (Shedders) in Ireland at baseline (T1), 3 (T2), 6 (T3) and 12 months (T4) in response to a 10-week health promotion program ‘Sheds for Life’ (SFL). Two cohorts participated in SFL commencing in March and September 2019. This study compares the T3 findings from one cohort carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic [COVID cohort (n = 185)] with T3 findings from a comparator cohort [pre-COVID cohort (n = 195)], completed pre-COVID-19. Questionnaires assessing wellbeing [life satisfaction, mental health, loneliness, physical activity (PA), self-rated health and other lifestyle measures] were analyzed in both cohorts T1, T2 and T3. Self-rated Health and life satisfaction decreased in the COVID cohort at T3 (p < 0.001), while loneliness scores increased (p < 0.0005). Higher loneliness scores were correlated with lower health ratings, life satisfaction and PA during COVID-19 (p < 0.001). Days PA decreased in the COVID cluster at T3 from T2 (p < 0.01) with those in urban areas reporting lower activity levels than rural areas (p < 0.05). Those sufficiently active at baseline managed to maintain PA during COVID-19 while those not meeting guidelines were more likely to report decreases (p < 0.001). Shedders experiencing COVID-19 restrictions are at an increased risk of poorer wellbeing and increased levels of loneliness. Support and guidance are needed to safely encourage this cohort back into men’s sheds, settings that protect against loneliness and positively promote health and wellbeing. Lay summary The COVID-19 pandemic will have wide-reaching implications on wellbeing, particularly on those who are older and more vulnerable. Evidence also suggests that COVID-19 disproportionately affects males. This study aimed to understand the impact that COVID-19 has had on men in the setting of Men’s Sheds in Ireland. Two cohorts of men who were participating in a 10-week health and wellbeing program (Sheds for Life) at different stages were followed over time. At 6 months follow-up the first Cohort had not experienced COVID-19 whereas the second cohort was actively experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic. We measured wellbeing using questionnaires, comparing both groups of men for differences. We found that the men who were experiencing COVID-19 had lower self-rated health, physical activity and life satisfaction as well as higher rates of loneliness, with those who were more lonely reporting lower wellbeing scores. We also found that men in rural areas were more physically active during COVID-19 and that those were not active were more likely to become more inactive during COVID-19. This study suggests that support and guidance is needed to safely encourage this cohort back into Men’s Sheds, settings that protect against loneliness and positively promote health and wellbeing.

scholarly journals Association between Personal Social Capital and Loneliness among Widowed Older People

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongdong Jiang ◽  
Yitan Hou ◽  
Jinwei Hao ◽  
Jiayi Zhou ◽  
Junfeng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Older People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Bridging Social Capital ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

To explore the association between the personal social capital and loneliness among the widowed older adults in China. Data from 1497 widowed older adults were extracted from China’s Health-Related Quality of Life Survey for Older Adults 2018. The Chinese version of the Personal Social Capital Scale (PSCS-16) was used to evaluate the participants’ status of bonding and bridging social capital (BOC and BRC). Loneliness was assessed by the short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8). Multiple linear regression models were established to examine the relationship between social capital and loneliness. The BOC and BRC of rural widowed older people were significantly lower than those of widowed older people in urban areas, while loneliness of rural widowed older people was higher than that of widowed older people in urban areas. The result of the final model showed that loneliness of rural participants was significantly associated with both BOC (B = 0.141, p = 0.001) and BRC (B = −0.116, p = 0.003). The loneliness of the urban widowed sample had no association with both BOC and BRC (p > 0.05). These findings suggested that more social support and compassionate care should be provided to enrich the personal social capital and thus to reduce loneliness of widowed older adults, especially those in rural areas.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding practice in China from 2013 to 2018: a study from a national dynamic follow-up surveillance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leni Kang ◽  
Juan Liang ◽  
Chunhua He ◽  
Lei Miao ◽  
Xiaohong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Log Linear

Abstract Background Breastfeeding is important for the physical and psychological health of the mother and child. Basic data on breastfeeding practices in China are crucial for understanding how to advance health-related goals. Methods This was an observational study. We used data from the Under-5 Child Nutrition and Health Surveillance System in China for the period 2013-2018. The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) were calculated for each year for subgroups of China. The Cochran-Armitage test was used to explore the time trends. The annual percent of change (APC) were calculated by log-linear regression followed by exp transformation. Results The prevalence of EIBF and EBF increased significantly from 44.57% (95% CI: 44.07, 45.07) and 16.14% (95% CI: 15.10, 17.18) in 2013 to 55.84% (95% CI: 55.29, 56.38) and 34.90% (95% CI: 33.54, 36.26) in 2018 (P trend <0.001). The respective APCs were 4.67% (95% CI: 3.51, 5.85) and 14.90% (95% CI: 9.97, 20.04). Increases were observed in both urban and rural areas, with urban areas showing greater APCs for EIBF (6.05%; 95% CI: 4.22, 7.92 v.s. 2.26%; 95% CI: 1.40, 3.12) and EBF (18.21%; 95% CI: 11.53, 25.29 v.s. 9.43%; 95% CI: 5.52, 13.49). The highest EBF prevalence was observed in the East, but the Central area showed the highest APC. The prevalence of EBF decreased with increasing age during the first 6 months, especially after 3 months. Conclusion The prevalence of both EIBF and EBF in China are improving in recent years. The rural and West China could be the key areas in the future actions. More efforts should be made to protect and promote breastfeeding to achieve near- and long-term goals for child health.

scholarly journals The Health Consequences of Social Mobility in Contemporary China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Yan ◽  
Guangye He ◽  
Yunsong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Individual

Although numerous studies have shown the importance of an individual’s socioeconomic status on his or her self-rated health status, less well-known is whether self-perceived class mobility, a measure highly correlated with an individual’s de facto social class and past mobility experiences, affects self-rated health. In this paper, we attempt to fill the gap by examining how perception of class mobility is associated with self-rated health. Using eight waves of Chinese General Social Survey data spanning the years 2005 to 2015, we conducted an analysis at the micro (individual) level and the macro (provincial) level. Analyses at both levels yielded consistent results. At the individual level, we employed ordered logistic regression and found that the perception of experiencing downward mobility was associated with significantly lower self-rated health in both rural and urban areas compared with those who consider themselves to be upwardly mobile or immobile. At the provincial level, the findings from static panel analysis further revealed that there is a positive relationship between the self-perceived class mobility and self-rated health level.

Self-rated health and indicators of SES among the ageing in three types of communities

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli P. Nummela ◽  
Tommi T. Sulander ◽  
Heikki S. Heinonen ◽  
Antti K. Uutela
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Community Intervention ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Self Rated Health

Aims: This paper examines associations between self-rated health, three indicators of SES (self-reported education, disposable household income, adequacy of income) and three types of communities (urban, densely or sparsely populated rural areas) among ageing men and women in the Province of Päijät-Häme, Southern Finland. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the magnitude of community type when examining the relation between subjective health and SES. Methods: Cross-sectional questionnaire data gathered in the spring of 2002 for a prospective follow-up of community interventions were used. These data, together with a number of clinical and laboratory measurements, yielded the baseline for a 10-year community intervention study. A representative stratified (age, gender, area) sample of men and women living in the province and belonging to the birth cohorts 1926—1930, 1936—1940, and 1946—1950 was obtained from the National Population Registry. The target sample was 4,272, with 2,815 persons responding (66% response rate). Results: Positive associations between indicators of SES and self-rated health were observed in all three community types. After adjusting for other factors, adequacy of income showed the strongest (positive) association with self-rated health in urban areas in all age groups. A similar pattern of associations, with varying statistical significance, though, was found in the two rural areas. Conclusions: This study supports the view that while actual income is positively correlated to health, adequacy of income is an even stronger predictor of it. Thus, there was a significant link between better financial standing and good health among ageing people, especially in urban areas.

Association between socioeconomic and health factors and edentulism in people aged 65 and older – a population-based survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 690-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Olofsson ◽  
Eva Lena Ulander ◽  
Yngve Gustafson ◽  
Carl Hörnsten
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Health Related

Aims: To study edentulism and use of dental services in a population-based sample of people aged 65 years and older from northern Sweden and western Finland. Methods: In 2010, people aged 65, 70, 75 and 80 years who were living in one of 32 municipalities in northern Sweden and western Finland were invited to answer a questionnaire as part of the Gerontological Regional Database (GERDA) study ( n = 6099). The questionnaire contained items related to socioeconomic status, general health and edentulism. Results: The prevalence of edentulism was 34.9% in Finland, compared with 20.6% in Sweden ( p < 0.001), 31.9% in rural areas, compared with 20.9% in urban areas ( p < 0.001), and 25% overall. The prevalence of edentulism rose from 17.8% in 65-year-olds, 23.8% in 70-year-olds, 33.5% in 75-year-olds and 37.3% in 80-year-olds ( p < 0.001), and was 23.8% in women, compared with 27% in men ( p < 0.001). In multivariate models, edentulism was associated with lower educational level (odds ratio (OR) 2.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.31–3.58), low income level (OR 1.7, CI 1.09–1.47), residence in a rural area (OR 1.43, CI 1.23–1.66), male sex (OR 1.30, CI 1.12–1.52), dependence in instrumental activities of daily living (OR 1.48, CI 1.25–1.74), social isolation (OR 1.52, CI 1.17–1.98) and poor self-experienced health (OR 1.38, CI 1.17–1.62). Conclusions: One-quarter of the total sample was edentulous, with a higher prevalence of edentulism in Finland than in Sweden and in rural than in urban areas. Edentulism was associated with socioeconomic, psychological and health-related factors. These findings could be used to inform preventive measures and identify people aged 65 years and older who are in need of oral care.

scholarly journals Exploring the constraints regarding maternal health in reproductive age among the rural women in Bangladesh

Mediscope ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Akkur Chandra Das
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Health Related

The study evaluated the constraints of maternal health in reproductive age in the rural Bangladesh. The study used qualitative approach to gather information where individual in-depth interviews adopted for data collection among women aged 15-49 years old. The overall study revealed that rural women faced many maternal health related complications and problems in their reproductive age such as hemorrhage, sepsis, hypertensive diseases of pregnancy, obstructed labour and complications of abortion, etc. Maternal health situation still in rural areas was not developed in comparison to the situation of urban areas of Bangladesh and there was not available women’s health care accesses for their emergency; low education level, low per capita income, many family members, early marriage and pregnancy, number of pregnancies, poor nutrition and lack of family support status resulted in low status of maternal and child health in the rural areas of Bangladesh. Adequate measures should be taken for providing proper health care services in rural areas of Bangladesh for better maternal health status.Mediscope Vol. 3, No. 2: July 2016, Pages 1-10

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