scholarly journals Analysis Results of COVID-19 Data by GIS at Different Scales

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yanxiang li ◽  
zhanliang yuan ◽  
qiaoqiao wang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Since the emergence of the new corona virus Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19), it has spread rapidly around the world and has had a serious impact on world economic and social development. In this article, we reviewed the pathogenesis, development process, and the impact and loss of COVID-19 on global human health. Combined with the GIS method, the global distribution of COVID-19 was visualized at multiple scales, and the core areas of the COVID-19 epidemic at different scales were determined. And use the global real-time updated infection data to judge the overall development trend of COVID-19. After visualizing and analyzing the global epidemic data, it was found that the number of patients with COVID-19 at the global scale is still growing at a relatively rapid rate, but the global average mortality rate is drop rapidly. The country with the highest mortality rate at the national scale is 16.24% in Belgium, followed by France and Italy, with mortality rates of 15.31% and 14.4%, respectively. Changes in the number of COVID-19 cases in the United States at the regional scale have a major impact on the global epidemic. Although the mortality rate in the United States is gradually declining, the number of infections and deaths is still increasing at a relatively rapid rate. At the regional scale, the New York epidemic is a hot spot in the United States and should be given high priority.

Geographic Disparity in the United States Heart Allocation System

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-87
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Karami ◽  
Mehdi Nayebpour ◽  
Monica Gentili ◽  
Naoru Koizumi ◽  
Andrew Rivard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Geographic Disparity ◽  
Transplant Candidates ◽  
Geographic Equity ◽  
The Impact

Organ allocation for transplantation across the United States is administered by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS). UNOS recently approved a major policy change of the system used to allocate hearts for adult transplant candidates. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the new policy on geographic disparity measured by four performance indicators (waiting time before a transplant, transplant rate, pre-transplant mortality rate, and average distance traveled by donated hearts). The current policy and the new policy were evaluated using the thoracic simulation allocation model. The results show that the new policy improves the median waiting time, transplant rate, and pre-transplant mortality rate. The overall predicted improvement in geographic equity is modest except in terms of waiting time. The findings highlight the need for a targeted approach for donor heart allocation to achieve equal access to heart transplantation in the US.

scholarly journals A Methodology for Flash Drought Identification: Application of Flash Drought Frequency across the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan I. Christian ◽  
Jeffrey B. Basara ◽  
Jason A. Otkin ◽  
Eric D. Hunt ◽  
Ryann A. Wakefield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Western Great Lakes

Abstract With the increasing use of the term “flash drought” within the scientific community, Otkin et al. provide a general definition that identifies flash droughts based on their unusually rapid rate of intensification. This study presents an objective percentile-based methodology that builds upon that work by identifying flash droughts using standardized evaporative stress ratio (SESR) values and changes in SESR over some period of time. Four criteria are specified to identify flash droughts: two that emphasize the vegetative impacts of flash drought and two that focus on the rapid rate of intensification. The methodology was applied to the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) to develop a 38-yr flash drought climatology (1979–2016) across the United States. It was found that SESR derived from NARR data compared well with the satellite-based evaporative stress index for four previously identified flash drought events. Furthermore, four additional flash drought cases were compared with the U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM), and SESR rapidly declined 1–2 weeks before a response was evident with the USDM. From the climatological analysis, a hot spot of flash drought occurrence was revealed over the Great Plains, the Corn Belt, and the western Great Lakes region. Relatively few flash drought events occurred over mountainous and arid regions. Flash droughts were categorized based on their rate of intensification, and it was found that the most intense flash droughts occurred over the central Great Plains, Corn Belt, and western Great Lakes region.

The Impact of BMI on Adult Blunt Trauma Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 1354-1362
Author(s):  
Rahman Barry ◽  
Milad Modarresi ◽  
Rodrigo Aguilar ◽  
Jacqueline Sanabria ◽  
Thao Wolbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Blunt Trauma ◽  
Nationwide Inpatient Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
The Impact

Traumatic injuries account for 10% of all mortalities in the United States. Globally, it is estimated that by the year 2030, 2.2 billion people will be overweight (BMI ≥ 25) and 1.1 billion people will be obese (BMI ≥ 30). Obesity is a known risk factor for suboptimal outcomes in trauma; however, the extent of this impact after blunt trauma remains to be determined. The incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates from blunt trauma by age, gender, cause, BMI, year, and geography were abstracted using datasets from 1) the Global Burden of Disease group 2) the United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample databank 3) two regional Level II trauma centers. Statistical analyses, correlations, and comparisons were made on a global, national, and state level using these databases to determine the impact of BMI on blunt trauma. The incidence of blunt trauma secondary to falls increased at global, national, and state levels during our study period from 1990 to 2015, with a corresponding increase in BMI at all levels ( P < 0.05). Mortality due to fall injuries was higher in obese patients at all levels ( P < 0.05). Analysis from Nationwide Inpatient Sample database demonstrated higher mortality rates for obese patients nationally, both after motor vehicle collisions and mechanical falls ( P < 0.05). In obese and nonobese patients, regional data demonstrated a higher blunt trauma mortality rate of 2.4% versus 1.2%, respectively ( P < 0.05) and a longer hospital length of stay of 4.13 versus 3.26 days, respectively ( P = 0.018). The obesity rate and incidence of blunt trauma secondary to falls are increasing, with a higher mortality rate and longer length of stay in obese blunt trauma patients.

scholarly journals The impact of stay-at-home orders on air-quality and COVID-19 mortality rate in the United States

Urban Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100946
Author(s):  
Samain Sabrin ◽  
Maryam Karimi ◽  
Rouzbeh Nazari ◽  
Md Golam Rabbani Fahad ◽  
Robert W. Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

The Fifty-Year Decline of Cancer in America

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Rodu ◽  
Philip Cole
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

PURPOSE: From 1950 to 1990, the overall cancer mortality rate increased steadily in the United States, a trend which ran counter to declining mortality from other major diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of lung cancer on all-cancer mortality over the past 50 years. METHODS: Data from the National Centers for Health Statistics were used to develop mortality rates for all forms of cancer combined, lung cancer, and other-cancer (all-cancer minus lung cancer) from 1950 to 1998. RESULTS: When lung cancer is excluded, mortality from all other forms of cancer combined declined continuously from 1950 to 1998, dropping 25% during this period. The decline in other-cancer mortality was approximately 0.4% annually from 1950 to 1990 but accelerated to 0.9% per year from 1990 to 1996 and to 2.2% per year from 1996 to 1998. CONCLUSION: The long-term decline is likely due primarily to improvements in medical care, including screening, diagnosis, and treatment.

scholarly journals The impact of marine organics on the air quality of the western United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 6257-6278 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gantt ◽  
N. Meskhidze ◽  
A. G. Carlton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Western United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The impact of marine organic emissions to the air quality in coastal areas of the western United States is studied using the latest version of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regional-scale Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQv4.7) modeling system. Emissions of marine isoprene, monoterpenes, and primary organic matter (POM) from the ocean are implemented into the model to provide a comprehensive view of the connection between ocean biology and atmospheric chemistry and air pollution. Model simulations show that marine organics can increase the concentration of PM2.5 by 0.1–0.3 μg m−3 (up to 5%) in coastal cities. This increase in the PM2.5 concentration is primarily attributed to the POM emissions, with small contributions from the marine isoprene and monoterpenes. When marine organic emissions are included, organic carbon (OC) concentrations over the remote ocean are increased by up to 50% (25% in coastal areas), values consistent with recent observational findings. This study is the first to quantify the air quality impacts from marine POM and monoterpenes for the United States, and highlights the need for inclusion of marine organic emissions in air quality models.

Flower Power: Assessing the Impact of the Magnolia Project on Reducing Poor Birth Outcomes in an At-Risk Neighborhood

2005 ◽  
Vol os-22 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Jeffry A. Will ◽  
Irma Hall ◽  
Tim Cheney ◽  
Maura Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
The Impact

The past decade has seen tremendous improvements in the health status of children in the United States. In 1992, the infant mortality rate in the United States was at 8.5 per 1,000 live births. By 2002 that figure had declined to 6.9. However, the infant mortality rate for Jacksonville/Duval County in Northeast Florida has consistently remained higher than both the national and state rates, particularly for minority populations. The Magnolia Project was developed by a consortium of local health care providers and concerned community agencies to address racial disparities in birth outcomes. The Magnolia Project provides well-woman clinic and case management services to women in the childbearing years residing in the urban core, where infant mortality is highest. In this paper, we examine the Magnolia Project to assess the impact that this initiative has made on the target community in providing health services and prevention strategies to reduce poor birth outcomes. Included in such services are strategies aimed at reducing factors associated with infant mortality. These strategies have resulted in improved birth outcomes for women associated with the Magnolia Project, including a low incidence of infant mortality and low birth weight babies for participants.

scholarly journals Assessing the Global Tendency of COVID-19 Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghe Liu ◽  
Zhicheng Liu ◽  
Junkai Zhu ◽  
Yuhao Zhu ◽  
Deqiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Diagnosis Rate

ABSTRACTCOVID-19 is now widely spreading around the world as a global pandemic. In this report, we estimate the global tendency of COVID-19 and analyze the associated global epidemic risk, given that the status quo is continued without further measures being taken.The results show that the global R0, excluding China, is estimated to be 2.49 (95% CI: 2.15 – 2.92). The United States, Germany, Italy and Spain have peak values over 100,000. According to dynamical model and cluster analysis, we category the globe into four type regional epicenters of the outbreak: Southeast Asia extending southward to Oceania, the Middle East, Western Europe and North America. Among them, Western Europe will become the major center of the outbreak. The peak values in Germany, Italy and Spain are estimated to be 105,903, 127,283 and 152,539, respectively. The United States is the country with the most serious outbreak trend. Based on the current control measures by Mar. 27, 2020, the peak value in the United States will reach 400,892. Above all, if the current control measures are maintained, the cumulative number of patients worldwide will be 1,442,523 (95% CI: 1,052,577 – 8,981,440). We also estimated the diagnosis rate, recovery rate and infection degree of each country or region, and use clustering algorithm to retrieve countries or regions with similar epidemic characteristics. Different suggestions are proposed for countries or regions in different clusters.

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