scholarly journals Dictionary-based Classification of Tweets About Environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Cameletti ◽  
Silvia Fabris ◽  
Stephan Schlosser ◽  
Daniele Toninelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Unstructured Data ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Specific Topic ◽  
Social Accounts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract In the era of social media, the huge availability of digital data (e.g. posts sent through social networks or unstructured data scraped from websites) allows to develop new types of research in a wide range of fields. These types of data are characterized by some advantages such as reduced collection costs, short retrieval times and production of almost real-time outputs. Nevertheless, their collection and analysis can be challenging. For example, particular approaches are required for the selection of posts related to specific topics; moreover, retrieving the information we are interested in inside Twitter posts can be a difficult task.The main aim of this paper is to propose an unsupervised dictionary-based method to filter tweets related to a specific topic, i.e. environment. We start from the tweets sent by a selection of Official Social Accounts clearly linked with the subject of interest. Then, a list of keywords is identified in order to set a topic-oriented dictionary. We test the performance of our method by applying the dictionary to more than 54 million geolocated tweets posted in Great Britain between January and May 2019.

scholarly journals Dictionary-Based Classification of Tweets About Environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Cameletti ◽  
Silvia Fabris ◽  
Stephan Schlosser ◽  
Daniele Toninelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Unstructured Data ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Specific Topic ◽  
Social Accounts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract In the era of social media, the huge availability of digital data (e.g. posts sent through social networks or unstructured data scraped from websites) allows to develop new types of research in a wide range of fields. These types of data are characterized by some advantages such as reduced collection costs, short retrieval times and production of almost real-time outputs. Nevertheless, their collection and analysis can be challenging. For example, particular approaches are required for the selection of posts related to specific topics; moreover, retrieving the information we are interested in inside Twitter posts can be a difficult task.The main aim of this paper is to propose an unsupervised dictionary-based method to filter tweets related to a specific topic, i.e. environment. We start from the tweets sent by a selection of Official Social Accounts clearly linked with the subject of interest. Then, a list of keywords is identified in order to set a topic-oriented dictionary. We test the performance of our method by applying the dictionary to more than 54 million geolocated tweets posted in Great Britain between January and May 2019.

scholarly journals Classification of unlabeled online media

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakthi Kumar Arul Prakash ◽  
Conrad Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Real World ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Classification Problem ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Social Media Networks ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThis work investigates the ability to classify misinformation in online social media networks in a manner that avoids the need for ground truth labels. Rather than approach the classification problem as a task for humans or machine learning algorithms, this work leverages user–user and user–media (i.e.,media likes) interactions to infer the type of information (fake vs. authentic) being spread, without needing to know the actual details of the information itself. To study the inception and evolution of user–user and user–media interactions over time, we create an experimental platform that mimics the functionality of real-world social media networks. We develop a graphical model that considers the evolution of this network topology to model the uncertainty (entropy) propagation when fake and authentic media disseminates across the network. The creation of a real-world social media network enables a wide range of hypotheses to be tested pertaining to users, their interactions with other users, and with media content. The discovery that the entropy of user–user and user–media interactions approximate fake and authentic media likes, enables us to classify fake media in an unsupervised learning manner.

scholarly journals Classification of Personnel Procedures in the National Police of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (28) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Khrystyna Volodymyrivna Solntseva ◽  
Oleksandr Mykolaiovych Kurakin ◽  
Alina Rashydivna Chanysheva ◽  
Andrii Oleksiovych Sobakar
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Law Enforcement Agency ◽  
Police Personnel ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
National Police ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of the article is to explore the types of personnel procedures in the National Police of Ukraine on the basis of scientific developments of scholars and to carry out their classification. To achieve this goal, such methods as formal-logical, comparative analysis, system-structural and comparative-legal was used. The successful functioning the National Police of Ukraine is not possible without the proper selection of highly qualified employees, which can be ensured through the introduction of truly effective and efficient personnel procedures. The theoretical and legal approaches to the division of personnel procedures into appropriate types by different classification criteria are analyzed and summarized, in particular, depending on: a) the subject of the initiative; b) the nature of the consequences; c) the type (direction) of the activity of the authority. The personnel procedures, which are divided into ordinary and simplified, are also illustrated. The tasks of the National Police Personnel Department are given. It is stated that the achievement of effective work of the National Police bodies is not possible without further improvement of the mechanism of personnel procedures, since insufficient work with staff has a negative impact on the reform of this law enforcement agency. As a result of the study the author's classification of personnel procedures in the National Police of Ukraine was proposed, namely, according to the following criteria: 1) by the subject of the initiative of the personnel procedure; 2) by the nature of the consequences for the subject of the personnel relations; 3) by the stage of staffing; 4) by the direction of activity of the subject of personnel relations in the police force; 5) by the degree of regulation; 6) by functional purpose; 7) by tasks of staffing.

Classification of persons attracted to cooperation in places of deprivation of liberty depending on the motivational criteria

2019 ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Алевтина Юрьевна Крипулевич
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Information Base ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Selection Of

Статья посвящена рассмотрению мотивов, руководствуясь которыми, лица, находящиеся в местах лишения свободы, идут на сотрудничество или оказывают содействие оперативным подразделениям уголовно-исполнительной системы. В местах лишения свободы мотивация негласного сотрудника наделена специфическими особенностями, присущими этой категории лиц исходя из их места нахождения и того правового, социального статуса, которым они в этот период времени наделены. Опираясь на мнение оперативных сотрудников, анализируя теоретическую, прикладную, информационную базу по данному вопросу, в статье представляется и рассматривается классификация лиц в места лишения свободы, которая основывается на мотивационных критериях, руководствуясь которыми, лица соглашаются сотрудничать с оперативными подразделениями учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы. Выделение мотивационных критериев у лиц, привлекаемых к содействию в рамках работы негласного аппарата, принимая во внимание личностные особенности субъекта вербовки, является одним из основополагающих принципов, который позволяет оперативному сотруднику предопределять ход ведения беседы. Данные знания помогут оперуполномоченному эффективнее, качественнее проводить работу с лицами, привлекаемыми к негласному содействию. The article is devoted to the consideration of the motives on the basis of which persons in places of deprivation of liberty either cooperate or provide assistance to the operational units of the penitentiary system. In places of deprivation of liberty, the motivation of an agent is determined by the specific characteristics of that category of person, based on his or her location and the legal and social status to which he or she is entitled at the moment. Based on the opinion of operational staff, analysis of theoretical, applied, information base on this issue, the article presents and considers the classification of persons in custody, which is based on motivational criteria, guided by which people agree to cooperate with operational divisions of institutions. The selection of motivational criteria for the involvement of the secret apparatus, taking into account the personal characteristics of the subject of recruitment, is one of the fundamental principles that will allow the operative employee to determine the course of the conversation. This knowledge will help the operative to work more effectively and efficiently with the recruited persons.

8. Breach of contract

2019 ◽  
pp. 346-396
Author(s):  
Robert Merkin ◽  
Séverine Saintier
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
Contractual Obligation ◽  
Anticipatory Breach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Injured Party ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
A Performance

The Casebook series provides a comprehensive selection of case law that addresses all aspects of the subject encountered on undergraduate courses. The performance obligations of the parties to a contract are determined by contractual terms. A breach of contract arises when a party fails to fully comply with a performance obligation, without lawful excuse. If a contractual obligation is strict, failure to comply constitutes a breach of contract regardless of fault. Subject to an enforceable exemption clause, the injured party is entitled to damages to compensate for the loss suffered as a result of the breach. This chapter focuses on breach of contract and its legal consequences. It discusses the election on repudiatory breach, termination or affirmation of a contract, the classification of terms: conditions, warranties and innominate or intermediate terms, the ‘entire obligation rule’, and anticipatory breach.

scholarly journals Quality of Human Resources in Europe Measured by Selected Indicators of Human Potential

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-76
Author(s):  
Slavomir Bucher
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selection Of

The paper deals with regional differentiation of human resources and its determinants identified by selected indicators of human potential. The selection of correct and relevant indicators has a key role in the identification and measurement of human potential. The aim of the study is to outline causal and determinant relationship (the relation and the level of dependence) in the spatial differentiation of human resources in Europe and approaches to their interpretation. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the link between human potential and quality or inequality of life and its effect on population from a demographic viewpoint. Methods of correlation and regression analyses were applied. A wide range of the most important and most often used human potential assessment indicators based on a basic systemic classification of human potential will also be presented. Although the first glance the quality of human resources situation in Europe might seem relatively compact, deeper analysis showed that there are quite significant regional differences. Our results show that set of specific condition a constant or moderately growing human capital may aggravate the consequences of population ageing rather than alleviate them. The important results of this study include recognition of the existence of several easily manageable methods and ways of measuring demographic and/or socio-economic solutions to the challenges posed by quality of human resources in Europe.

Poole's Casebook on Contract Law

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Merkin QC ◽  
Séverine Saintier
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Undue Influence ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

The Casebook series provides a comprehensive selection of case law that addresses all aspects of the subject encountered on undergraduate courses. Extracts have been chosen from a wide range of historical and contemporary cases to illustrate the reasoning processes of the courts and to show how legal principles are developed. The book begins with some guidance on reading cases, and then turns to agreement and agreement problems. Next it looks at the enforceability of promises and intention to be legally bound and the capacity to contract. The content of the contract is examined. Exemption clauses and unfair contract terms are analysed in detail. The book also considers issues relating to breach of contract and remedies, and excuses for non-performance. Finally it discusses initial impossibility, misrepresentation, duress, undue influence, and illegality.

Poole's Casebook on Contract Law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Merkin QC ◽  
Séverine Saintier
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Undue Influence ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

Poole’s Casebook on Contract Law provides a comprehensive selection of case law that addresses all aspects of the subject encountered on undergraduate courses. Extracts have been chosen from a wide range of historical and contemporary cases to illustrate the reasoning processes of the courts and to show how legal principles are developed. The book begins with some guidance on reading cases, and then turns to agreement and agreement problems. Next it looks at the enforceability of promises and intention to be legally bound and the capacity to contract. The content of the contract is examined. Exemption clauses and unfair contract terms are analysed in detail. The book then considers initial impossibility, misrepresentation, duress, undue influence, and illegality. The book ends by discussing issues relating to breach of contract and remedies, and excuses for non-performance.

IX.—The Bronze Spear-head in Great Britain and Ireland

Archaeologia ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 187-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Estyn Evans
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
General Analysis ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Bronze Age

Any study of British spear-heads of the Bronze Age must be inspired by, and largely based on, the very valuable pioneer work of Greenwell and Brewis, whose handsomely illustrated paper on ‘The Origin, Evolution and Classification of the Bronze Spear-head in Great Britain and Ireland’ was published in Archaeologia for 1909. Indeed, their general analysis of the subject is so masterly and their conclusions so impressive that the paper has perhaps been allowed to pass too long unchallenged. Relatively little was known, a quarter of a century ago, of the continental material, and the close connexions between Britain and the mainland in late prehistoric times were almost unsuspected. Comparative studies have revealed the widespread interchange of various products and ideas in the European Bronze Age ; and no one would now go so far as to claim, with Greenwell and Brewis, that ‘there can be no doubt whatever that the spear-head in its origin, progress, and final consummation, was an indigenous product of these islands, and was manufactured within their limits apart from any controlling influence from outside’.

Shaykh Mā’ al-'Aynayn al-Qalqam‛ in the folk-literature of the Spanish Sahara—I

1968 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-136
Author(s):  
H. T Norris
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Folk Literature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way ◽  
Musical Styles

The Zawāyā, the lettered fraternity of the Westren Sahara, besides contributing works of merit to Arabic scholarship have also taken an active part in the evolution of Moorish oral and written folk-literature, in the subject-matter, the systemization and classification of poetic metres, the selection of Arabic verse in the various musical styles, and in the way that Islam, and in particular the ideas of the Ṣūfī orders of the Sahara and the Sudan, has become an integral part of the daily lives of the nomad and the oasis dweller alike.

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