Cholesterol, hypertension and chronic spine problems: a logit model focusing on rural Brazilian residents in 2013

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Aloísia da Cruz ◽  
Marcos de Oliveira Garcias
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rural Residence

Abstract Background: Over recent decades, Brazil’s health indicators have improved; however, access to the country’s health services is not homogeneous, with urban areas being better served than rural areas. The general objective of this work is to identify the influence of rural residence and other factors on the incidence of chronic spine problems, hypertension, and elevated levels of cholesterol in Brazil using the last Brazilian National Health Survey (NHS - 2013)) definitions and data. The analysis provided by this study contributes data that can be used to determine the probability of these three conditions occurring in Brazil and identifies the most vulnerable rural groups as defined by diet, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Method: A logit model was estimated to identify the influence of the variables rural residence, sex, age, race, education, health insurance, work, Body Mass Index (BMI), consumption habits, and region of residence on the chronic conditions analyzed. Results: Results show that rural residents are 5.8% more likely to have chronic spine problems and 0.9% less likely to have hypertension than urban residents. The incidence of all conditions was lower in men than women. The Body Mass Index (BMI) value also influences the chance of having the conditions studied. Individuals with at least a secondary education were less affected by the analyzed conditions than those less educated. There were regional differences in these conditions’ incidence, mainly chronic spine problems and hypertension. Conclusions: The variables BMI, gender, and years of alcohol consumption had significance in all diseases analyzed. To correct underreporting issues, public policies should be directed to expand rural health services. Additionally, actions should be taken to raise the public's awareness of the effects of obesity and alcohol consumption on health.

The Body Mass Index of Blacks and Whites in the United States during the Nineteenth Century

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Alan Carson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Blacks And Whites

Body mass index (bmi) values reflect the net balance between nutrition, work effort, and calories consumed to fight disease. Nineteenth-century prison records in the United States demonstrate that the bmi values of blacks and whites were distributed symmetrically; neither underweight nor obese individuals were common among the working class. bmi values declined throughout the nineteenth century. By modern standards, however, nineteenth-century bmis were in healthy weight ranges, though the biological living standards in rural areas exceeded those in urban areas. The increase in bmis during the twentieth century did not have its origin in the nineteenth century.

scholarly journals Effect of body mass index on the association between alcohol consumption and the development of chronic kidney disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusaku Hashimoto ◽  
Takahiro Imaizumi ◽  
Sawako Kato ◽  
Yoshinari Yasuda ◽  
Takuji Ishimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate Decline ◽  
Observation Period

AbstractThe influence of body mass or metabolic capacity on the association between alcohol consumption and lower risks of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not fully elucidated. We examined whether the body mass index (BMI) affects the association between drinking alcohol and CKD. We defined CKD as an estimated glomerular filtration rate decline < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or positive proteinuria (≥ 1+). Participants were 11,175 Japanese individuals aged 40–74 years without baseline CKD who underwent annual health checkups. Daily alcohol consumption at baseline was estimated using a questionnaire, and the participants were categorized as “infrequent (occasionally, rarely or never),” “light (< 20 g/day),” “moderate (20–39 g/day),” and “heavy (≥ 40 g/day).” Over a median 5-year observation period, 936 participants developed CKD. Compared with infrequent drinkers, light drinkers were associated with low CKD risks; adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.81 (0.69–0.95). Stratified by BMI (kg/m2), moderate drinkers in the low (< 18.5), normal (18.5–24.9), and high (≥ 25.0) BMI groups had adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 3.44 (1.60–7.42), 0.75 (0.58–0.98), and 0.63 (0.39–1.04), respectively. Taken together, the association between alcohol consumption and CKD incidence was not the same in all the individuals, and individual tolerance must be considered.

scholarly journals Variation in body mass index and their determinants among married women in Uttar Pradesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Sonam Maheshwari ◽  
Brijesh Singh ◽  
Omprakash Singh ◽  
Puneet Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Married Women ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Nutrition Research

<p>The body mass index of married women is a high quality sign of a country’s health status as well as economic condition. Nutrition    research in India has previously focused on the serious problem of under nutrition related to nutrient deficit and high rates of infection. BMI provide an indicator for supporting to wipe out many preventable diseases. Alteration in nutritional status plays an important role in the course of a person’s health. Hence, BMI can be used as an indicator for nutrition status, and association with some diseases can be expected. This study observes the emerging nutrition transition among 7559 married and currently non –pregnant women aged between 15-49 years and also the differential impact of some demographic, socioeconomic, environmental and health-related factors on the body mass index living in Uttar Pradesh, India. The third wave of National Family Health Survey (2005-06) data provides nationally representative data on women’s weight and height. Average BMI is 21.11 kg/m2, and a turn down tendency in BMI was found during the last about 20 years.  Body mass index increased with increasing age, education level of the woman, standard of living index. Lower BMI was especially pronounced among women who were living in rural areas, Hindus, employed women and women who are anemic.</p>

scholarly journals Nutrition Behavior and Body Mass Index in Tanzania. Survey from a Cancer Prevention and Awareness Campaign in Northern Tanzania, 2019‪-‬ 2020‬‬‬‬

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Henke ◽  
Susann Rosenbaum ◽  
Oliver Henke ◽  
Furaha Serventi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Northern Tanzania

Abstract Objective: In Tanzania, cancer is becoming a major public health concern. Risk factors such as poor dietary behavior, high body mass index, physical inactivity, alcohol and tobacco consumption increase the incidence. Limited cancer treatment facilities, prevention programs, and poor knowledge of cancer risk factors and symptoms in the population contribute to late-stage presentation and high mortality rates. The objective of this study is to examine the association of lifestyle factors including body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and dietary behaviors among participants who attended three cancer prevention events in rural and urban areas in Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional survey among PrevACamp- attendees in northern Tanzania between August 2019 and February 2020 were chosen. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic data, medical history, dietary habits, and physical activity, the body mass index was also determined.Results: 235 participants (114 urban/ 121 rural) were included in the survey. Urban residents had higher rates of obesity (p=0.0021) and less physical activity than participants from rural areas (4.63 days [SD=2.03] and 5.50 days [SD=2.00], respectively (p=0.006). Urban dwellers often skip their lunch and prefer to eat a snack. They use salt frequently, consume more processed meat, eat mainly starchy foods, drink more alcohol and sweetened sodas. Conclusion: Rural women more interested in cancer prevention than men. People in rural areas are more physically active and less overweight than those in urban areas. The cause is manifold, yet they hint at a lack of health care for women and a progressing urbanization according to Western patterns. There is an alarming high percentage of overweight among urban dwellers. Although people eat more healthy foods compared to rural populations, they tend to have a high body mass index. Physical inactivity and overweight will be a serious problem in Tanzania in the future, contributing to the risk of cancer.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis relapses in Cali, Colombia

Biomédica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supl. 1) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
Cindy Córdoba ◽  
Paola A. Buriticá ◽  
Robinson Pacheco ◽  
Anyela Mancilla ◽  
Augusto Valderrama-Aguirre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Factors Associated

Introduction: Relapses in tuberculosis occur due to endogenous reactivations or exogenous reinfections and represent up to 27% of tuberculosis cases. Its importance lies in the risk of the appearance of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains.According to the reports published in 2011 by the Colombian Instituto Nacional de Salud, there were 572 relapse cases reported in the country, i.e., a rate of 4.9%. Data of the tuberculosis control program from the Secretaría de Salud Municipal in Cali reported a relapse rate of 6%, higher than the national one, during 2013 and 2014.Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with relapse in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Cali.Materials and methods: We conducted an observational, analytical, and case-control study (1:1), which comprised 81 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis relapses detected in 2013 and 2014. Additionally, we collected data on socio-demographic and clinical variables, as well as lifestyle and health services, to identify the potential risk factors associated with tuberculosis relapses. We used logistic regression to identify the risk factors.Results: After adjustments for some variables, our multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the body mass index (BMI) (OR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.81–0.99) and population density (OR=0.99, 95%CI: 0.98–1.00) were inversely associated with tuberculosis relapses. Alcohol consumption increased the likelihood of tuberculosis relapse (OR=5.56, 95%CI: 1.18–26.26).Conclusions: Body mass index and population density were inversely associated with pulmonary tuberculosis relapses in Cali. On the contrary, alcohol consumption increased the likelihood of tuberculosis relapses.

scholarly journals Obesity awareness among elders living in rural area: a household survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Maycon Sousa Pegorari ◽  
Alisson Fernandes Bolina ◽  
Darlene Mara dos Santos Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

The acceptance of the disease is essential to health self-care, elder’s awareness regarding obesity is suggested to influence their search for health services, and consequently, in obesity’s treatment. This study aimed to verify obesity awareness of elders living in rural areas and associated socioeconomic and demographic factors. We conducted a cross-sectional household survey with 562 individuals, who were older than 60 years and were rural residents from a Brazil southeast city. The identification of obesity awareness was consisted in the agreement between the self-referred obesity and the diagnosis criteria using the body-mass index >27Kg/m². The associated socioeconomic and demographic factors were: gender, age range, marital status, education and income. Descriptive statistical analysis, Kappa index and logistic regression (p <0.05) were conducted. The highest percentage of elders were men (53.6%), 60├ 70 years old (62.6%), married (67.8%), studied for 4|-8 years (40.0%) and with an individual monthly income of one minimal wage (45.7%). The prevalence of obesity according to the body-mass index was 34.7% and the self-referred 15.1%, which was classified as regular agreement by the Kappa coefficient (k= 0.232; p<0.001). The majority of the elders with obesity were not aware of  this condition (64.6%), with higher odds ratio for men than for women (OR=2.34;CI=1.29-4.77). We found high obesity prevalence among elders residents in the rural area, who did not recognize themselves with this condition. Moreover, elderly men presented lower obesity awareness than women. 

scholarly journals Equality Analysis of Main Health Indicators among Children under 5 Years in Uganda

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Hussein Elduma
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Children Under 5

BACKGROUND: Inequality in the access to health services is a major cause of health problemsamong children under five old. The aim of this analysis is to measure the inequality among children under-5 years in relation to main health indicators inUganda.METHOD: Main child health indicators data in Uganda were obtained from WHO inequity data set for the years 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2011. Indicators such as under-5 years mortality rate, underweight prevalence and full vaccination converge and child with infection access to health facilities were included in th analysis. For simple indicators, inequality difference wascalculated, and relative concentration index for complex order indicators was used. Four different inequality dimensions were used to work as stratifies for these indicators.RESULTS: Inequality regarding child health indicators was observed in different dimensions. It was clear that inequality among people living in rural areas were more than urban areas. Femaleshad high inequality than males. Poor and uneducated people are more likely to have inequality than rich and educated people.CONCLUSION: Great effort should be made to decrease inequality among children less than five years through access to health services for all groups in different areas. 

scholarly journals Modeling of Longitudinal Factors Under-Age Five Children Body Mass Index at Bahir Dar Districts: First Order Transition Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-598
Author(s):  
Alebachew Abebe Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Order Transition ◽  
Transition Model ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Transition

Abstract The body mass index (BMI) is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by square height in meters ($$ \frac{\text{kg}}{{{\text{m}}^{2} }} $$ kg m 2 ). Its formula was developed by Belgium Statistician Adolphe Quetelet, and was known as the Quetelet Index (Adolphe Quetelet in BMI formula was developed. Belgium Statistician, 1796–1874. http://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/bmi/childrens_bmi/about_childrens_bmi.htm). It provides a reliable indicator of body fatness for most people and is used to screen weight categories that may lead to health problems. BMI is an internationally used measure of health status of an individual. This study was modeling of longitudinal factors under-age five children BMI at Bahir Dar Districts using First Order Transition Model. This study was based on data from 1900 pre four visits (475 per individual) children enrolled in the first 4 visits of the 4-year Longitudinal data of children in Bahir Dar Districts. First order transition model was used to describe the relationships between children BMI and some covariates accounting for the correlation among the repeated observations for a given children. There were statistically significant (P value < 0.05) difference among children BMI variation with respect to time, Sachet (plump nut), age, residence, Antiretro-Viral Therapy, diarrhea and pervious BMI. But, fever, cough, Mid-Upper Arm Circumference and sex were statistically insignificant (p value > 0.05) effect on children BMI. According to the findings of this study about 29.28% were normal weight, 67% were under weight, 2.52% were overweight and only 1.21% were obesity. Consequently, the study suggests that concerned bodies should focus on awareness creation to bring enough food to under-age five children in Bahir Dar Districts especially in rural areas.

scholarly journals Is neighbourhood walkability related to body mass index among different age groups? A cross-sectional study of Canadian urban areas

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e032475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Thielman ◽  
Ray Copes ◽  
Laura C Rosella ◽  
Maria Chiu ◽  
Heather Manson
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neighbourhood Walkability ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Objectively Measured

BackgroundStudies of neighbourhood walkability and body mass index (BMI) have shown mixed results, possibly due to biases from self-reported outcomes or differential effects across age groups. Our objective was to examine relationships between walkability and objectively measured BMI in various age groups, in a nationally representative population.MethodsThe study population came from the 2007–2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey, a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative Canadian population. In our covariate-adjusted analyses, we included survey respondents aged 6–79 who were not pregnant, did not live in rural areas, were not missing data and were not thin/underweight. We used objectively measured height and weight to calculate BMI among adults aged 18–79 and zBMI among children aged 6–17. We categorised respondents into walkability quintiles based on their residential Street Smart Walk Score values. We performed linear regression to estimate differences between walkability quintiles in BMI and zBMI. We analysed adults and children overall; age subgroups 6–11, 12–17, 18–29, 30–44, 45–64 and 65–79; and sex subgroups.ResultsThe covariate-adjusted models included 9265 respondents overall. After adjustment, differences between walkability quintiles in BMI and zBMI were small and not statistically significant, except for males aged 6–17 in the second-highest walkability quintile who had significantly lower zBMIs than those in the lowest quintile.ConclusionAfter accounting for confounding factors, we did not find evidence of a relationship between walkability and BMI in children or adults overall, or in any age subgroup with sexes combined. However, post hoc analysis by sex suggested males aged 6–17 in more walkable areas may have lower zBMIs.

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