scholarly journals Association of Mesothelioma Deaths With Cumulated Neighborhood Exposures Due to a Large-Scale Asbestos Cement Plant in Amagasaki City, Japan: A Nested Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Kitamura ◽  
Ling Zha ◽  
Rong Liu ◽  
Masayuki Shima ◽  
Tomoki Nakaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Asbestos Cement ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Control Study

Abstract BackgroundAlthough a causal relationship between mesothelioma and asbestos exposure is well known, few studies have shown a relationship to non-occupational exposure, including neighborhood exposure, most likely because of the large effect size of occupational exposure. The aim of this study was to quantify the risk of malignant mesothelioma death associated with neighborhood asbestos exposure due to a large-scale asbestos-cement (AC) plant in Amagasaki, Japan, by properly adjusting for occupational exposure. MethodsThis was a nested case-control study in which a fixed population of 143,929 residents who had been living in Amagasaki City between 1975 and 2002 were followed from 2002 to 2015. All 133 cases and 403 matched controls were interviewed about their occupational, domestic, household, and neighborhood asbestos exposures. Odds ratios (ORs) for mesothelioma death associated with neighborhood exposure were estimated by a conditional logistic-regression model that adjusted for other asbestos exposures. We adopted cumulative indices that considered residence-specific asbestos (crocidolite) concentrations and durations during the potential exposure period of 1957-1975 to evaluate individual neighborhood exposures.ResultsThere was an increasing, dose-dependent risk of mesothelioma death associated with neighborhood exposure, demonstrated by ORs in the highest quintile category that were 21.4 (95%CI: 5.8 to 79.2) for all, 23.7 (95% CI: 3.8-147.2) for males and 26.0 (95% CI: 2.8-237.5) for females, compared to the lowest quintile, respectively. These results clearly demonstrated no substantial differences between males and females in relation to the magnitude of risk from neighborhood exposure.Our findings suggest that the risk of mesothelioma death associated with neighborhood exposure persists and will not be diminished for many years, even though it has been decades since the AC plant closed. ConclusionsBy adjusting for occupational and other asbestos exposures, a dose-dependent relationship was demonstrated between mesothelioma death and neighborhood asbestos exposure from a large-scale AC plant.

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to asbestos and risk of cholangiocarcinoma: a population-based case–control study in four Nordic countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Farioli ◽  
Kurt Straif ◽  
Giovanni Brandi ◽  
Stefania Curti ◽  
Kristina Kjaerheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Control Study

ObjectivesTo assess the association between occupational exposure to asbestos and the risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CC).MethodsWe conducted a case–control study nested in the Nordic Occupational Cancer (NOCCA) cohort. We studied 1458 intrahepatic CC (ICC) and 3972 extrahepatic CC (ECC) cases occurring among subjects born in 1920 or later in Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Each case was individually matched by birth year, gender and country to five population controls. The cumulative exposure to asbestos (measured in fibres (f)/ml × years) was assessed by applying the NOCCA job-exposure matrix to data on occupations collected during national population censuses (conducted in 1960, 1970, 1980/81 and 1990). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI were estimated using conditional logistic regression models adjusted by printing industry work.ResultsWe observed an increasing risk of ICC with cumulative exposure to asbestos: never exposed, OR 1.0 (reference category); 0.1–4.9 f/mL × years, OR 1.1 (95% CI 0.9 to 1.3); 5.0–9.9 f/mL × years, OR 1.3 (95% CI 0.9 to 2.1); 10.0–14.9 f/mL × years, OR 1.6 (95% CI 1.0 to 2.5); ≥15.0 f/mL × years, OR 1.7 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.6). We did not observe an association between cumulative asbestos exposure and ECC.ConclusionsOur study provides evidence that exposure to asbestos might be a risk factor for ICC. Our findings also suggest that the association between ECC and asbestos is null or weaker than that observed for ICC. Further studies based on large industrial cohorts of asbestos workers and possibly accounting for personal characteristics and clinical history are needed.

scholarly journals Depression in individuals who subsequently develop inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based nested case–control study

Gut ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. gutjnl-2020-322308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Blackwell ◽  
Sonia Saxena ◽  
Irene Petersen ◽  
Matthew Hotopf ◽  
Hanna Creese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Control Study

ObjectiveDepression is a potential risk factor for developing IBD. This association may be related to GI symptoms occurring before diagnosis. We aimed to determine whether depression, adjusted for pre-existing GI symptoms, is associated with subsequent IBD.DesignWe conducted a nested case–control study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink identifying incident cases of UC and Crohn’s disease (CD) from 1998 to 2016. Controls without IBD were matched for age and sex. We measured exposure to prevalent depression 4.5–5.5 years before IBD diagnosis. We created two sub-groups with prevalent depression based on whether individuals had reported GI symptoms before the onset of depression. We used conditional logistic regression to derive ORs for the risk of IBD depending on depression status.ResultsWe identified 10 829 UC cases, 4531 CD cases and 15 360 controls. There was an excess of prevalent depression 5 years before IBD diagnosis relative to controls (UC: 3.7% vs 2.7%, CD 3.7% vs 2.9%). Individuals with GI symptoms prior to the diagnosis of depression had increased adjusted risks of developing UC and CD compared with those without depression (UC: OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.79; CD: OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.92). Individuals with depression alone had similar risks of UC and CD to those without depression (UC: OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.29; CD: OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.38).ConclusionsDepression, in the absence of prior GI symptoms, is not associated with subsequent development of IBD. However, depression with GI symptoms should prompt investigation for IBD.

Time-dependent effect of intensity of smoking and of occupational exposure to asbestos on the risk of lung cancer: results from the ICARE case–control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 586-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Lévêque ◽  
Aude Lacourt ◽  
Danièle Luce ◽  
Marie-Pierre Sylvestre ◽  
Pascal Guénel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Air Concentration ◽  
Exposure History ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Study

ObjectiveTo estimate the impact of intensity of both smoking and occupational exposure to asbestos on the risk of lung cancer throughout the whole exposure history.MethodsData on 2026 male cases and 2610 male controls came from the French ICARE (Investigation of occupational and environmental causes of respiratory cancers) population-based, case–control study. Lifetime smoking history and occupational history were collected from standardised questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Occupational exposure to asbestos was assessed using a job exposure matrix. The effects of annual average daily intensity of smoking (reported average number of cigarettes smoked per day) and asbestos exposure (estimated average daily air concentration of asbestos fibres at work) were estimated using a flexible weighted cumulative index of exposure in logistic regression models.ResultsIntensity of smoking in the 10 years preceding diagnosis had a much stronger association with the risk of lung cancer than more distant intensity. By contrast, intensity of asbestos exposure that occurred more than 40 years before diagnosis had a stronger association with the risk of lung cancer than more recent intensity, even if intensity in the 10 years preceding diagnosis also had a significant effect.ConclusionOur results illustrate the dynamic of the effect of intensity of both smoking and occupational exposure to asbestos on the risk of lung cancer. They confirm that the timing of exposure plays an important role, and suggest that standard analytical methods assuming equal weights of intensity over the whole exposure history may be questionable.

scholarly journals Trimethylamine N-Oxide Metabolites in Early Pregnancy and Risk of Gestational Diabetes: A Nested Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 5529-5539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxu Huo ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yun-Feng Cao ◽  
Sai-Nan Li ◽  
Ping Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate the associations between trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and related metabolites in early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Design A prospective cohort of 22,302 pregnant women from 2010 to 2012 in Tianjin, China, was used to perform a nested case-control study. A total of 243 women with GDM and 243 women without GDM matched by maternal age (±1 year) were used as cases and controls, respectively. Conditional logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were used to examine the full-range risk associations between individual TMAOs metabolites at the first antenatal care visit with GDM. Trimethylamine conversion ratio (TMAR) was defined as trimethylamine (TMA)/its precursors, and trimethylamine N-oxide conversion ratio (TMAOR) was defined as TMAO/TMA. An additive interaction between high TMAR and low TMAOR indicates a state of TMA accumulation, and a mathematical interaction between high TMAR and high TMAOR indicates accumulation of TMAO. Results TMA was linearly associated with GDM, whereas TMA precursors and TMAO were inversely associated with GDM with clear threshold effects, i.e., 16 nmol/mL for TMAO, 200 nmol/mL for betaine, 112 nmol/mL for l-carnitine, and 110 and 270 nmol/mL for cholinechloride (a U-shaped relationship). Copresence of TMAR >0.35 and TMAOR ≤0.15 was associated with a markedly higher OR (11.16; 95% CI, 5.45 to 22.8), compared with TMAR >0.35 only (OR = 1.71; 95% CI, 0.42 to 6.95) or TMAOR ≤0.15 only (OR = 2.06; 95% CI, 1.09 to 3.90), with a significant additive interaction. However, the mathematical interaction was nonsignificant. Conclusions TMAO metabolites in the early pregnancy were associated with the risk of GDM, whereas TMA was more likely to play a causal role in GDM.

scholarly journals Are infectious diseases risk factors for sarcoidosis or a result of reverse causation? Findings from a population-based nested case–control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1087-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marios Rossides ◽  
Susanna Kullberg ◽  
Johan Askling ◽  
Anders Eklund ◽  
Johan Grunewald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Reverse Causation ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

AbstractFindings from molecular studies suggesting that several infectious agents cause sarcoidosis are intriguing yet conflicting and likely biased due to their cross-sectional design. As done in other inflammatory diseases to overcome this issue, prospectively-collected register data could be used, but reverse causation is a threat when the onset of disease is difficult to establish. We investigated the association between infectious diseases and sarcoidosis to understand if they are etiologically related. We conducted a nested case–control study (2009–2013) using incident sarcoidosis cases from the Swedish National Patient Register (n = 4075) and matched general population controls (n = 40,688). Infectious disease was defined using inpatient/outpatient visits and/or antimicrobial dispensations starting 3 years before diagnosis/matching. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of sarcoidosis were estimated using conditional logistic regression and tested for robustness assuming the presence of reverse causation bias. The aOR of sarcoidosis associated with history of infectious disease was 1.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09, 1.29; 21% vs. 16% exposed cases and controls, respectively). Upper respiratory and ocular infections conferred the highest OR. Findings were similar when we altered the infection definition or varied the infection-sarcoidosis latency period (1–7 years). In bias analyses assuming one in 10 infections occurred because of preclinical sarcoidosis, the observed association was completely attenuated (aOR 1.02; 95% CI 0.90, 1.15). Our findings, likely induced by reverse causation due to preclinical sarcoidosis, do not support the hypothesis that common symptomatic infectious diseases are etiologically linked to sarcoidosis. Caution for reverse causation bias is required when the real disease onset is unknown.

scholarly journals Soluble Fas level and cancer mortality: Findings from a nested case-control study within a large-scale prospective study

2008 ◽  
Vol 123 (8) ◽  
pp. 1913-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Tamakoshi ◽  
Kei Nakachi ◽  
Yoshinori Ito ◽  
Yingsong Lin ◽  
Kiyoko Yagyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Soluble Fas ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Plasma Isoflavones and Subsequent Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Nested Case-Control Study: The Japan Public Health Center

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (36) ◽  
pp. 5923-5929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norie Kurahashi ◽  
Motoki Iwasaki ◽  
Manami Inoue ◽  
Shizuka Sasazuki ◽  
Shoichiro Tsugane
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

PurposeThe incidence of prostate cancer is much lower in Japanese than Western populations. Given the preventive effects of isoflavones on carcinogenesis in the prostate in many nonhuman studies and the high consumption of isoflavones in Japanese, this low incidence may be partly due to the effects of soy.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a nested case-control study within the Japan Public Health Center–based Prospective Study. A total of 14,203 men aged 40 to 69 years who had returned the baseline questionnaire and provided blood samples were observed from 1990 to 2005. During a mean of 12.8 years of follow-up, 201 newly diagnosed prostate cancers were identified. Two matched controls for each case were selected from the cohort. Conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for prostate cancer in relation to plasma levels of isoflavone.ResultsPlasma genistein level tended to be inversely associated with the risk of total prostate cancer. Although plasma daidzein showed no association, the highest tertile for plasma equol, a metabolite of daidzein, was significantly associated with a decreased risk of total prostate cancer (OR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.99; Ptrend= .04). These inverse associations were strengthened after analysis was confined to localized cases, with ORs in the highest group of plasma genistein and equol compared with the lowest of 0.54 (95% CI, 0.29 to 1.01; Ptrend= .03) and 0.43 (95% CI, 0.22 to 0.82; Ptrend= .02), respectively. Plasma isoflavone levels were not statistically significantly associated with the risk of advanced prostate cancer.ConclusionIsoflavones may prevent the development of prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Antibiotic use in children and youths with asthma: a population-based case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 00944-2020
Author(s):  
Ivy Fong ◽  
Jingqin Zhu ◽  
Yaron Finkelstein ◽  
Teresa To
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Stratified Analysis ◽  
Control Study

RationaleAntibiotics are among the most common medications dispensed to children and youths. The objective of this study was to characterise and compare antibiotic use patterns between children and youths with and without asthma.MethodsWe conducted a population-based nested case–control study using health administrative data from Ontario, Canada, in 2018. All Ontario residents aged 5–24 years with asthma were included as cases. Cases were matched to controls with a 1:1 ratio based on age (within 0.5 year), sex and location of residence. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to obtain an odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for having filled at least one antibiotic prescription, adjusted for socioeconomic status, rurality, and presence of common infections, allergic conditions and complex chronic conditions.ResultsThe study population included 1 174 424 Ontario children and youths aged 5–24 years. 31% of individuals with asthma and 23% of individuals without asthma filled at least one antibiotic prescription. The odds of having filled at least one antibiotic prescription were 34% higher among individuals with asthma compared to those without asthma (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.32–1.35). In the stratified analysis, the odds ratios were highest in the youngest group of children studied, aged 5–9 years (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.41–1.48), and in females (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.34–1.38).ConclusionAsthma is significantly associated with increased antibiotic use in children and youths. This association is the strongest in younger children and in females.

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