scholarly journals Equol Production Status is An Effective Predictor of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takemi Akahane ◽  
Daisuke Kaya ◽  
Ryuichi Noguchi ◽  
Kosuke Kaji ◽  
Haruna Miyakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nafld Activity Score

Abstract Equol is a metabolite of daidzein, a major soybean isoflavone with estrogenic and antioxidant activities. As the production of equol depends on the presence of certain members of the intestinal microflora, not all individuals can produce equol. The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) increases in menopausal women, and estrogen is associated with the progression of NAFLD/NASH. Therefore, the status of equol production might also be related to the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH in women. We, thus, examined the relationship between NASH histological features and equol production. Thirty-eight NAFLD patients who underwent liver biopsy were included in this study. In women, the degree of fibrosis and ballooning in nonproducers was significantly higher than that in producers. The percentage of nonproducers with NAFLD activity score (NAS) ≥5 was significantly higher than that of producers. None of the histological features were significantly different between nonproducers and producers in men. Decision tree analysis identified the predictors of NAS ≥5 in women. The status of equol production was the strongest predictor, followed by fasting glucose. Equol can be noninvasively detected in urine, suggesting its application as a screening test for predicting the diagnosis and progression of NASH in women.

scholarly journals Association between Equol Production Status and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11904
Author(s):  
Takemi Akahane ◽  
Daisuke Kaya ◽  
Ryuichi Noguchi ◽  
Kosuke Kaji ◽  
Haruna Miyakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Porcine Serum ◽  
The Status ◽  
Liver Fibrogenesis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nafld Activity Score

Equol is a metabolite of daidzein, a major soybean isoflavone with estrogenic and antioxidant activities. As the production of equol depends on the presence of certain members of the intestinal microflora, not all individuals can produce equol. We examined the relationship between NASH histological features and equol production. In an animal model, obese OLETF rats were intraperitoneally injected with a porcine serum to augment liver fibrogenesis. Equol-rich soy product, SE5-OH was orally administered during the experimental period. Treatment with SE5-OH markedly attenuated the development of liver fibrosis and expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin. In clinical research, 38 NAFLD patients (13 men and 25 women) were included. The degree of fibrosis and ballooning in equol-nonproducers was significantly higher than in equol-producers in women. The percentage of nonproducers with NAFLD activity score (NAS) ≥5 was significantly higher than that of producers. None of the histological features were significantly different between nonproducers and producers in men. Decision tree analysis identified predictors for NAS ≥5 in women. The status of equol production was the strongest predictor, followed by fasting glucose. Since equol can be noninvasively detected in urine, it can be applied as a screening tool for the progression of NASH in women.

scholarly journals The Combined Effect of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome on Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Females in Eastern China

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Zhi Chen ◽  
Qiao-Mai Xu ◽  
Xiao-Xin Wu ◽  
Chao Cai ◽  
Ling-Jian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Synergy Index ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Status ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Postmenopausal Female

The present study evaluated the potential combined effects of NAFLD and MetS on the development of osteoporosis. The relationship between NAFLD and MetS and osteoporosis was assessed in 938 postmenopausal female participants. Moderate and severe NAFLDs were combined as significant NAFLD (SNAFLD). All the subjects were divided into 4 subgroups based on the status of SNAFLD and MetS. Relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP) of interaction, and synergy index (SI) were used to investigate the additive interaction of those two factors. NAFLD, SNAFLD, and MetS were independent factors for osteoporosis with the adjustment of age and other confounders. The incidence of osteoporosis in MetS (+) SNAFLD (+) group was significantly higher than that in other three groups. RERI was 2.556 (95% CI = 0.475–4.636), AP was 0.454 (95% CI = 0.201–0.706), and SI was 2.231 (95% CI = 1.124 to 4.428), indicating the significant combined interaction of SNAFLD and MetS on the development of osteoporosis. SNAFLD and MetS are independent risk factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal females, respectively. Moreover, SNAFLD and MetS have an additive effect on the development of osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Relationship between IL-8 Circulating Levels and TLR2 Hepatic Expression in Women with Morbid Obesity and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 4189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Auguet ◽  
Laia Bertran ◽  
Jessica Binetti ◽  
Carmen Aguilar ◽  
Salomé Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarkers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Circulating Levels

The progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is linked to systemic inflammation. Currently, two of the aspects that need further investigation are diagnosis and treatment of NASH. In this sense, the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between circulating levels of cytokines, hepatic expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), and degrees of NAFLD, and to investigate whether these levels could serve as noninvasive biomarkers of NASH. The present study assessed plasma levels of cytokines in 29 normal-weight women and 82 women with morbid obesity (MO) (subclassified: normal liver (n = 29), simple steatosis (n = 32), and NASH (n = 21)). We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to quantify cytokine and TLR4 levels and RTqPCR to assess TLRs hepatic expression. IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, tPAI-1, and MCP-1 levels were increased, and adiponectin levels were decreased in women with MO. IL-8 was significantly higher in MO with NASH than in NL. To sum up, high levels of IL-8 were associated with the diagnosis of NASH in a cohort of women with morbid obesity. Moreover, a positive correlation between TLR2 hepatic expression and IL-8 circulating levels was found.

scholarly journals Hepatic Macrophages Express Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene 5 in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHOGO KAWAGUCHI ◽  
Hirotake Sakuraba ◽  
Momone Horiuchi ◽  
Jiangli Ding ◽  
Tomoh Matsumiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blotting ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Hepatic Macrophages ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases ◽  
Nafld Activity Score ◽  
Antigen 5 ◽  
Lobular Inflammation ◽  
Inflammation Score

Abstract The activation of innate immune system is essential for the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Among pattern recognition receptors, it is well-characterized that toll-like receptors (TLRs) are deeply involved in the development of NASH to reflect exposure of the liver to gut-driven endotoxins. In contrast, it has not been elucidated whether retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are similarly implicated in the disease progression. In the present study, we examined the expression of melanoma differentiation-associated antigen 5 (MDA5), known to be a member of RLRs, in a diet-induced murine model of NASH using western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The results of western blotting showed that hepatic expression of MDA5 was significantly increased 6 weeks after choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined high-fat diet (CDAHFD). In IHC, MDA5-positive cells co-express F4/80 and CD11b, indicating they were activated macrophages, and these cells began to appear at 1 week after CDAHFD. Additionally, we performed IHC using liver biopsy specimens collected from eight patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), and found that MDA5 was expressed in CD11b-positive macrophages in six out of eight patients. The lobular inflammation score of NAFLD activity score tended to be higher in MDA5-positive cases than in MDA5-negative cases. Our findings suggest that MDA5 may be involved in the inflammation of NASH.

Contemporary Qur'anic Studies in Iran and its Relationship with Qur'anic Studies in the West

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-72
Author(s):  
Morteza Karimi-Nia
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
The West ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Religious Learning ◽  
The Status ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The status of tafsīr and Qur'anic studies in the Islamic Republic of Iran has changed significantly during recent decades. The essay provides an overview of the state of Qur'anic studies in Iran today, aiming to examine the extent of the impact of studies by Western scholars on Iranian academic circles during the last three decades and the relationship between them. As in most Islamic countries, the major bulk of academic activity in Iran in this field used to be undertaken by the traditional ʿulamāʾ; however, since the beginning of the twentieth century and the establishment of universities and other academic institutions in the Islamic world, there has been increasing diversity and development. After the Islamic Revolution, many gradual changes in the structure and approach of centres of religious learning and universities have occurred. Contemporary advancements in modern sciences and communications technologies have gradually brought the institutions engaged in the study of human sciences to confront the new context. As a result, the traditional Shīʿī centres of learning, which until 50 years ago devoted themselves exclusively to the study of Islamic law and jurisprudence, today pay attention to the teaching of foreign languages, Qur'anic sciences and exegesis, including Western studies about the Qur'an, to a certain extent, and recognise the importance of almost all of the human sciences of the West.

Moderating Role of Gender in the Relationship between Cognitive Errors and Anxiety among Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Tasnim Rehna ◽  
Rubina Hanif ◽  
Muhammad Aqeel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Adolescent Psychopathology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Errors ◽  
Adolescent Anxiety ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Status ◽  
Manifest Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Widespread social paradigms on which the status variances are grounded in any society, gender plays pivotal role in manifestation of mental health problems (Rutter, 2007). A hefty volume of research has addressed the issue in adults nonetheless, little is vividly known about the role of gender in adolescent psychopathology. Sample: A sample of 240 adolescents (125 boys, 115 girls) aging 12-18 years was amassed from various secondary schools of Islamabad with the approval of the Federal Directorate of Education (FDE), relevant authorities of the schools and the adolescents themselves. Instruments: Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (Taylor & Spence, 1953) and Children’s Negative Cognitive Errors Questionnaire (CNCEQ) by Leitenberg et al., (1986) were applied in present study. Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that cognitive errors jointly accounted for 78% of variance in predicting anxiety among adolescents. Findings also exhibited that gender significantly moderated the relationship between cognitive errors and adolescent anxiety. Implications of the findings are discoursed for future research and clinical practice.

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