The Effect of Depression Status Change on Daily Cigarette Smoking Amount: a eleven-year follow up study of the Korea Welfare Panel Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Hyun Kang ◽  
Wonjeong Jeong ◽  
Sung-In Jang ◽  
Eun-Cheol Park
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
P Value ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Male Depression ◽  
Status Group ◽  
Depression Status

Abstract Background: In the past decade, the Korean smoking rate has only decreased by 3%, despite several smoking control policies. There is a need for such policies to take smokers’ psychological characteristics into account. Depression is a well-known contributor to failed smoking cessation. This study aimed to examine the effect of smokers’ depression status changes on their daily cigarette smoking amount (DCA).Methods: This study used a sample drawn from the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS) waves 3 (2008) to 13 (2018). The DCA refers to the number of the cigarettes smoked per day at the time of the survey. Depression was measured using an 11-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-11). A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was employed to analyse the effect of change of depression status on DCA.Results: The Yes→No male depression status group had lower DCA (β=-0.631, p-value=0.0248) than the No→No group. The Yes→No male depression status group that began smoking before age 19 had lower DCA (β=-0.881, p-value: 0.0089) than the No→No group that started smoking before 19.Conclusions: We found that a change from depressed to non-depressed and non-depressed to depressed status is associated with decreasing and increasing DCA, respectively. Also, for smokers who began smoking before 19 years of age, the subgroup that went from depressed to non-depressed had much a lower DCA than general smokers. Thus, when treating people participating in smoking cessation programs, counsellors should check for depression symptoms and encourage individuals to pursue depression treatment simultaneously.

scholarly journals The effect of depression status change on daily cigarette smoking amount according to sex: an eleven-year follow up study of the Korea Welfare Panel Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Hyun Kang ◽  
Wonjeong Jeong ◽  
Sung-In Jang ◽  
Eun-Cheol Park
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Male Depression ◽  
Status Group ◽  
Depression Status

Abstract Background In the past decade, the Korean smoking rate has only decreased by 3%, despite several smoking control policies. There is a need for such policies to take smokers’ psychological characteristics into account. Depression is a well-known contributor to failed smoking cessation. This study aimed to examine the effect of smokers’ depression status changes on their daily cigarette smoking amount (DCA). Methods This study used a sample drawn from the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS) waves 3 (2008) to 13 (2018). The DCA refers to the number of the cigarettes smoked per day at the time of the survey. Depression was measured using an 11-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-11). A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was employed to analyse the effect of change of depression status on DCA. Results The 2008 baseline included a total of 1821 participants: 1645 males and 176 females. The Yes→No male depression status group had lower DCA (β = − 0.631, p-value = 0.0248) than the No→No group. The Yes→No male depression status group that began smoking before age 19 had lower DCA (β = − 0.881, p-value: 0.0089) than the No→No group that started smoking before 19. Conclusions We found that a change from depressed to non-depressed and non-depressed to depressed status is associated with decreasing and increasing DCA among men, respectively. Also, for smokers who began smoking before 19 years of age, the subgroup that went from depressed to non-depressed had much a lower DCA than general smokers. Thus, when treating people participating in smoking cessation programs, counsellors should check for depression symptoms and encourage individuals to pursue depression treatment simultaneously.

Medical Student Syndrome: A Hypochondriacal Distress In Undergraduates– Verity Or Myth

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-204
Author(s):  
Sana Akbar ◽  
Misbah Riaz ◽  
Lalarukh Munawar ◽  
Shazia Shakoor
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test

Objective: The purpose of this study was to correlate the hypochondriacal concerns related to diseases with level of anxiety and depression symptoms among medical and engineering undergraduates. Study design and Setting: Cross sectional study was conducted among undergraduates of final year students of BUMDC (Bahria University Medical & Dental College) and engineering students from NUST- PNEC (NUST – Pakistan Navy Engineering College). Methodology: In this study; (99) final year medical students and (92) engineering students were recruited. In order to maintain consistency of age, students aging between 21–26 years were selected. Selected students were handed to fill the required ‘Self-administered Questionnaire’ comprising of demographic details, short health anxiety inventory, medical history and DASS (depression, anxiety and stress scale) which were completed on-site. Data was entered in SPSS version 21 and analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result: Out of 191 students in total from both the groups n=86 (45%) were females and n=105(55%) were males. There were 99 participants from MBBS and 92 from engineering. The participants’ ages ranged from 21-26 years with a mean= 23.95 (SD±2.29), both the cohorts belonged to approximately same age group. While assessing depression the responses were not very different for both the groups. When responses of depression scale were related to visits to psychiatrists or psychologist or psychotherapist a strong relationship was observed (p=0.012) in medical students cohort. Conclusion: The results of the study reflected comparable psychosocial strain at an elevated level among both student groups

scholarly journals the differences of intrapartum types to the risk of postpartum depression on primiparous mother in public hospital of yogyakarta municipality

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Chici Riansih ◽  
Sri Nabawiyati nurul Makiyah ◽  
Farida Kartini
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Sectio Caesarea ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Vacuum Extraction ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

Postpartum depression is one of serious problems that women experience after giving birth. Depression symptoms found in postpartum mothers include sadness, anxiety, crying, temperament, lack of appetite, insomnia, and inattentive to the baby. It is a part of the symptoms of maternal psychological disorders that lead to the postpartum depression. This study used quantitative research with analytic observational research design. The population of primiparous postpartum mothers is 60 people consisting of 20 postpartum mothers of Sectio Caesarea, 20 spontaneous postpartum mothers, and 20 vacuum extraction postpartum mothers in the Public Hospital of Yogyakarta Municipality. The sampling teachnique used consecutive sampling. The study utilized Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire. Bivariate analysis used ANOVA statistical test followed by post hoc test and Chi-Square test with 95% of confidence level. The results of the analysis show Respondents data who were at risk of postpartum depression in Sectio Caesarea intrapartum (16 or 80%) compared to vacuum extraction intrapartum (5 or 13%) and spontaneous intrapartum (7 or 35%). There was a difference on the type of Sectio Caesarea intrapartum with spontaneous intrapartum and vacuum extraction with the risk of postpartum depression of p-value = 0.001 (p <0.05). The difference of the risk was significant on the type of Sectio Caesarea intrapartum when compared with vacuum extraction and spontaneous intrapartum, while between vacuum extraction and spontaneous intrapartum was not significantly different. The conclusion of this study is that there are differences in the type of Sectio Caesarea intrapartum with spontaneous intrapartum and vacuum extraction on the risk of postpartum depression among primiparous mothers in Public Hospital of Yogyakarta Municipality.

scholarly journals Italians’ Dietary Habits During the COVID-19 Lockdown: Results of the #PRESTOinsieme Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 233-233
Author(s):  
Giulia Lorenzoni ◽  
Marco Silano ◽  
Danila Azzolina ◽  
Silvia Gallipoli ◽  
Solidea Baldas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
P Value ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives To assess dietary habits and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy, one of the European countries most severely affected by the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The #PRESTOinsieme project is a web-based survey open to people over 16 years of age that started on the 20th of March 2020 in Italy. Survey respondents underwent a set of validated questionnaires to assess dietary habits and psychological well-being (depression and posttraumatic stress, using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, respectively) during the lockdown. Results Survey respondents were 5008, with a median age of 38 years. The female gender was the most prevalent (63%). Dietary habits were found to be associated with psychological well-being. People suffering from moderate/severe depression symptoms and posttraumatic stress were found to have more frequently foods high in fat and sugars compared to people with no/mild depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms (P-value 0.008). Furthermore, subjects with most severe depressive symptoms ate less frequently fruits (P-value &lt; 0.001), vegetables (P-value 0.013), dried fruits (P-value &lt; 0.001), and milk-based products. Conclusions Present results showed a strict relationship between dietary habits and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. Such a relationship could be interpreted as emotional eating, which has been frequently reported during the lockdown, showing that depressed people are more prone to emotional eating habits. Present results claim the need to develop public programs of psychological support for the community during the lockdown and public health strategies targeting diet. Funding Sources N/A

scholarly journals Occurrence of male depression symptoms, suicidal behaviors, alcohol and tobacco use and level of personal resources in three male groups

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Physical Disorder ◽  
Personal Resources ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Suicidal Behaviors ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Male Depression ◽  
Depression Disorders

Background and objective: The study was to compare the severity of male depression symptoms, suicidal behaviors, the use of psychoactive substances (alcohol, nicotine), and evaluate personal resources (self-efficacy, coping strategies and resilience) among men from three different groups. Material and methods: The clinical group contained men with depression disorders diagnosed by psychiatrists and treated in psychiatric hospitals (n = 197). The control groups contained men with physical disorders treated in general hospitals in Warsaw, Poland (n = 198) and men who self-evaluated themselves as healthy without physical or mental disorders (n = 203). Several tests were used for evaluation: a test with sociodemographic variables, the AUDIT Test, the Fagerstrom Test, the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the MINI-COPE Questionnaire, the Resilience Evaluation Questionnaire (KOP-26), the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised by Osman (SBQ-R) and the Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS). Results: Most of the men with depression disorders presented non-typical symptoms of depression which are not included in diagnostic criteria. It allows us to assume that a large percentage of men who suffer from depression are not properly being diagnosed. Moreover, we found that men with any type of physical disorder have the greatest severity of male depression symptoms than healthy men. Men with depression disorders have suicidal thoughts and have made efforts in the past more often, as well as having higher alcohol and nicotine addictions. Patients who overuse or are addicted to alcohol or nicotine should be additionally screened for the possible occurrence of depressive disorders, and substance usage should be treated as a symptom of male depression. Men with depression present low resilience and low self-efficacy. They also use negative strategies in dealing with stress. Conclusion: There is a need to plan and implement effective prevention actions that will take the conditioning of these groups into account.

Is it chicken or the egg: Obesity, anxiety and depression in hospital workers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sema Akkaya Demir ◽  
Rana Nagihan Akder ◽  
Reci Meseri
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
P Value ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Independent Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers are susceptible to obesity, anxiety and depression. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and association of obesity, anxiety and depression symptoms in individuals working in a hospital. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study all of the employees of a hospital were invited to participate (n = 150). Anxiety (via Beck Anxiety Scale) and depression symptoms (via Beck Depression Scale) and obesity were dependent and independent variables. Obesity was determined both with body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity (Waist circumference-WC). Data were collected with face-to-face interviews and anthropometric measurements were done. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 with student t-test, chi-square and correlation tests. Significance was set at a p-value <  0.05. RESULTS: Among the participants who agreed to participate (n = 131, 64.1% females), 35.1% were obese and 50.4% were abdominally obese. The 35.9% had moderate-severe anxiety symptoms, 19.1% had moderate-severe depression symptoms. Both BMI and WC had positive, moderate and significant correlation with anxiety and depression scores. After adjusting for socio-demographic variables obesity (both with BMI and WC) was an independent factor for anxiety and depression symptom presence, whereas after adjusted for these variables anxiety and depression symptom presence was an independent factor for obesity and abdominal obesity (p = 0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS: There is a correlation between anxiety, depression and obesity. In addition to nutrition interventions in combating obesity, services that will improve mental health should be provided together as teamwork.

scholarly journals Acceleration of AML Progression By Cigarette Smoke Exposure or Condensate Exposure and Associated DNA Methylation Alterations

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 2554-2554
Author(s):  
Mary Figueroa ◽  
Mansour Alfayez ◽  
Yue Lu ◽  
Marcos Estecio ◽  
Seyed Javad Moghaddam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Leukemia Cells ◽  
P Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
Never Smokers

Subsets of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) are characterized by molecular alterations with prognostic significance, however, little is known about how modifiable behaviors, such as cigarette smoking, intersect with genetic factors. Mutations rendering the Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) constitutively active, such as internal tandem duplication (ITD), are associated with refractory disease and therapy resistance. Inhibition of the FLT3 kinase shows some benefit in this population, as highlighted by the FDA approvals of midostaurin and gilteritinib, but overall outcomes remain poor. Cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) also marks a population of patients with poor prognosis. Current and former smokers who develop AML are known to have worse survival as compared to never smokers (Alfayez M., et al. ASCO 2019), but the impact of FLT3 mutation and subsequent associated treatment response has not been studied. Also, the underlying mechanism of how history of cigarette smoking influences leukemia biology and response to therapy is poorly understood. In order to model a history of smoking in AML patients, NOD-SCID mice (n=25) were exposed to CSE using a smoking robot for 2 hours, 5 days/week, for 2 weeks. Mice were then inoculated via tail-vein injection with luciferase tagged human FLT3-ITD cells and leukemia burden was monitored through noninvasive imaging. CSE continued through the duration of the experiment, post engraftment. Control "non-smoking" mice (n=15) were only injected with leukemia cells. Within one week post leukemic introduction, a significant increase in leukemic burden as measured by bioluminescence was apparent in mice exposed to CSE versus control mice (P-value<0.0001). To model the impact of smoking cessation upon diagnosis of AML in patients, experiments were modified to halt CSE once leukemic engraftment was detectable by non-invasive imaging. Smoking cessation versus continuous smoke exposure yielded reduced relative leukemic burden. Mice with continuous smoke exposure had higher rates of leukemia compared to mice who ceased smoking (n=10) one week prior (P-value =0.0064). These rapid changes in leukemic burden suggest that CSE may prime the microenvironment to promote leukemia progression or directly affect leukemia cells. To address the latter possibility, human AML cells were exposed to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), which contains the chemicals present in cigarettes, for two weeks before introducing the cells into mice. A significant increase in leukemic burden was observed in mice injected cells exposed to CSC compared to mice injected with unexposed leukemia cells (P-value <0.001), highlighting a direct role for the chemicals in cigarettes on in vivo leukemia proliferative factors. Smokers are known to carry altered global DNA methylation signatures that persist decades after quitting. To measure DNA methylation changes in the in vivo models described above, we examined spleens of non-smoking and smoke exposed mice by reduced representative bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). Sequences were mapped to either the human or mouse genome, (enabling identification of leukemia specific versus microenvironment specific alterations) and were compared in the smoking and non-smoking mice. Over 200 genes exhibited significant DNA methylation alterations in their promoter regions. Genes involved in RNA polymerase activity and chromatin remodeling were highly represented amongst those with altered DNA methylation. The clinical significance of our observations was confirmed in a cohort of 58 treatment naïve FLT3-ITD AML patients at MD Anderson receiving intensive induction therapy: 41 never smokers and 17 ever smokers. Smokers had significantly reduced survival as compared to the never smokers (median overall survival of 18 vs 23 months, P-value 0.0092). Collectively our findings indicate that short-term CSE is sufficient to alter DNA methylation patterns and accelerate the early progression of FLT3-ITD AML in vivo. Smoking cessation upon diagnosis may slow leukemic growth relative to smoking throughout AML therapy prompting the consideration of behavioral interventions for smokers with AML. Improved understanding of the mechanism of leukemic progression and drug resistance from CSE is expected to lead to improved treatment paradigms designed for patients with a history of cigarette smoking. Disclosures Konopleva: Genentech: Honoraria, Research Funding; Kisoji: Consultancy, Honoraria; F. Hoffman La-Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Ascentage: Research Funding; Reata Pharmaceuticals: Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties; Ablynx: Research Funding; Cellectis: Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Calithera: Research Funding; Stemline Therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Forty-Seven: Consultancy, Honoraria; Eli Lilly: Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Astra Zeneca: Research Funding; Agios: Research Funding. Jabbour:Cyclacel LTD: Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Adaptive: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Research Funding. DiNardo:agios: Consultancy, Honoraria; abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; jazz: Honoraria; medimmune: Honoraria; notable labs: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; daiichi sankyo: Honoraria; syros: Honoraria; celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria.

scholarly journals Tobacco smoking and depression during pregnancy

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Jansen ◽  
Aline Rezende Curra ◽  
Luciano Dias de Mattos Souza ◽  
Ricardo Tavares Pinheiro ◽  
Inácia Gomes da Silva Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between cigarette smoking and depression in pregnant women and to identify associated factors. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study including 1,264 pregnant women assisted by the public health service in the municipality of Pelotas, Brazil. Depression was evaluated using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Cigarette consumption was assessed using open questions. Poisson regression was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression during pregnancy was 21.2%; 19.3% of the depressed women were smokers. Women who smoked during pregnancy showed a 1.72-fold (95% confidence interval: 1.27-2.34) higher probability of being depressed. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest a positive relationship between cigarette smoking and depression symptoms in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Depression in Empty Nesters: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Coastal City of Zhejiang Province and China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao ◽  
Ding ◽  
Wang ◽  
Jin ◽  
Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Negative Life Experiences

The elderly are susceptible to depression, especially empty nesters. This study investigated the risk factors associated with depression in empty nesters. The participants were selected via multi-stage random cluster sampling. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale. The questionnaire surveyed demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, behaviors and lifestyles, negative life experiences, social support, self-care ability, etc. Chronic health conditions, such as being overweight/obese, smoking cessation, cancer, and chronic pain, as well as negative life experiences, such as the death of a loved one and financial loss, increased the risk of depression in empty nesters. In addition, the incapability of performing self-care also increased the risk of depression in empty nesters. The prevalence of depression in empty nesters was high. Being overweight/obese, cancer, chronic pain, smoking cessation, the death of a loved one, financial loss, and the incapability to deliver self-care were risk factors for depression in empty nesters. It is recommended that comprehensive measures be taken to enhance health interventions for this population, including encouraging a proper diet and physical activity for weight control, providing psychological counseling after negative life experiences, and teaching correct methods of smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Smoking cessation process and quality of life

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hatzilia Despoina ◽  
Malliarou Maria ◽  
Korompeli Anna ◽  
Tsoumakas Konstantinos ◽  
Fildissis George
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment

Background and objective: Smoking habit cessation is undoubtedly a strenuous, extremely demanding and stressful process for smokers; therefore treatment should focus on timely cessation and relapse prevention. The aim of this study is to assess irritability, depression, anxiety and the health-related quality of life of patients visiting a smoking cessation clinic, during both all 3 phases of the treatment and 1 year after completion.Methods: The participants of the study were 97 people who attended the smoking cessation department of a public tertiary hospital of the capital of Greece. The study consists of 4 phases that took place at intervals of 1, 3, and 12 months respectively. A specially designed questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics of the sample and of factors related to their smoking behavior as well as EuroQol (EQ-5D), Fagestrom scale and Snaith-IDA irritability scale.Results: Results demonstrated positive outcomes both in terms of participation and smoking cessation. Calculations performed by using the Fagestrom Test of Nicotine Dependence showed that 36.2% highly dependent, showing that it was difficult for them to quit smoking permanently. EQ-5D questionnaire results imply that participants are faced with some problems walking, but not to the point of being unable to take care of themselves; however, they do seem to have some problems in carrying out usual activities. Forty-three percent of the sample admitted to moderate pain or indisposition in phase 1, whereas again in phase 1 (first month of the smoking cessation treatment), 78.9% showed signs of moderate anxiety or depression. Correlation of EQ-D5 VAS values between phases 2 and 3, shows that there is statistically significant correlation with a p-value at .001 revealing that the perceived level of quality of life of individuals in phase 2 (completion of smoking cessation program) is higher (70.43) than in phase 3 (one year after) (67.39).Conclusions: The present study shows that the smoking cessation process affects positively quality of life in all its aspects, reduction of anxiety and depression symptoms.

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