Efficient Removal of Cd (II) From Aqueous Solution By Chitosan Modified Kiwi Branch Biochar

Abstract A novel chitosan-modified kiwi branch biochar (CHKB) was successfully fabricated as cut-price modified biochar to remove Cd (II) from wastewater. Characterization experiments with SEM-EDS, FTIR and XPS suggested that CHKB had more cations and surface functional groups compared with the original kiwi biochar (KB). The adsorption experiment results of Cd (II) on CHKB showed that the adsorption isotherms can be described best by the Langmuir model and that the pseudo-second-order model fits the Cd (II) adsorption kinetics well, indicating that the process was monolayer and controlled by chemisorption. CHKB exhibited the Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of Cd (II) (126.58 mg g-1), however, that of KB is only 4.26 mg g-1. The adsorption ability of CHKB was improved by the increase of the surface area and abundant surface functional groups (-OH, -NH, C=O and so on). And the cation exchange, electrostatic interaction, surface complexation and precipitation were main mechanisms in the sorption of Cd (II) on CHKB. In addition, CHKB can be regenerated and reused for Cd (II) sorption by the eluent of EDTA-2Na. Excellent adsorption performance, low-cost, and environmental-friendly made CHKB become the fantastic adsorbent to remove Cd (II) in wastewater.

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Preparation of bio-based magnetic adsorbent and application for efficient removal of Cd(II) from water

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2018.007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 77 (5) ◽

pp. 1313-1323 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jianjun Zhou ◽

Xionghui Ji ◽

Xiaohui Zhou ◽

Jialin Ren ◽

Yaochi Liu

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Low Cost ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Magnetic Adsorbent ◽

Order Model ◽

Efficient Removal ◽

Adsorption Ability ◽

Adsorption Sites ◽

Pseudo Second Order

Abstract A novel magnetic bio-adsorbent (MCIA) was developed, characterized and tested for its Cd(II) removal from aqueous solution. MCIA could be easily separated from the solution after equilibrium adsorption due to its super-paramagnetic property. The functional and magnetic bio-material was an attractive adsorbent for the removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solution owing to the abundant adsorption sites, amino-group and oxygen-containing groups on the surface of Cyclosorus interruptus. The experimental results indicated that the MCIA exhibited excellent adsorption ability and the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorption isotherm was consistent with the Langmuir model. The adsorption kinetic fitted the pseudo-second-order model very well. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cd(II) onto MCIA was 40.8, 49.4, 54.6 and 56.6 mg/g at 293, 303, 313 and 323 K, respectively. And the MCIA exhibited an excellent reusability and impressive regeneration. Therefore, MCIA could serve as a sustainable, efficient and low-cost magnetic adsorbent for Cd(II) removal from aqueous solution.

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Simultaneous Adsorption of Cr(VI) and Phenol from Binary Mixture Using Iron Incorporated Rice Husk: Insight to Multicomponent Equilibrium Isotherm

International Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1155/2016/7086761 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ankur Gupta ◽

Chandrajit Balomajumder

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Low Cost ◽

Binary Solution ◽

Multicomponent System ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Order Model ◽

Adsorption Isotherm Models ◽

Pseudo Second Order

Fe modified rice husk was prepared as a low cost biosorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) and phenol both singly and in combination from single and binary simulated synthetic waste water. Rice husk was modified by treating with FeSO4·7H2O. The results showed that impregnation of iron onto the surface of rice husk improved the adsorption capability of both Cr(VI) and phenol. The effects of process parameters for multicomponent system such as pH, adsorbent dose, and contact time onto the percentage removal of both Cr(VI) and phenol were investigated. The experimental data for the adsorption of both Cr(VI) and phenol onto the surface of Fe modified rice husk applied to various kinetic and adsorption isotherm models. Multicomponent isotherm models such as Nonmodified Langmuir, Modified Langmuir, Extended Langmuir, Extended Freundlich, Competitive Nonmodified Redlich Peterson, Competitive Modified Redlich Peterson were applied. The results show that Extended Freundlich model best described the experimental data for both Cr(VI) and phenol from binary solution. Pseudo second-order model agreed well with Cr(VI) while pseudo first-order model agreed well with phenol. Maximum adsorption capacity in synthetic binary solution of Cr(VI) and phenol was found to be 36.3817 mg g−1for Cr(VI) and 6.569 mg g−1for phenol, respectively.

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Isotherm models and kinetics of copper adsorption by using hydrochar produced from hydrothermal carbonization of faecal sludge

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2017.132 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 102-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Thammarat Koottatep ◽

Krailak Fakkaew ◽

Nutnicha Tajai ◽

Chongrak Polprasert

Keyword(s):

Functional Groups ◽

Low Cost ◽

Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽

Pollutant Removal ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Surface Functional Groups ◽

Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽

Copper Adsorption ◽

Faecal Sludge

Low cost adsorbents have been extensively reported for use as a promising substitution for commercial adsorbents for pollutant removal in water and wastewater treatment. In this study, hydrochar produced from the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of faecal sludge (FS) (called HTC-hydrochar) was further chemically modified with KOH (called KOH-hydrochar) to improve its surface functional groups, which were suitable for copper (Cu) removal. The adsorption of Cu was conducted using the produced HTC-hydrochar and KOH-hydrochar as absorbents. Experimental results showed the KOH-hydrochar could adsorb Cu at the maximum adsorption capacity of 18.6 mg-Cu/g-hydrochar with Cu removal efficiency of 93%, relatively higher than the HTC-hydrochar and a commercial powdered activated carbon. The quantity of the surface functional groups of the adsorbents was more effective in Cu removal than the surface area. The Cu adsorption mechanism was found to follow the pseudo-second order and intra-particle diffusion models and fit well with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. Application of hydrothermal carbonization could be a novel candidate to convert FS into hydrochar which is pathogen free, and to employ the produced hydrochar as an adsorbent to remove Cu from industrial wastewaters.

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Highly Effective Covalently Crosslinked Composite Alginate Cryogels for Cationic Dye Removal

Gels ◽

10.3390/gels7040178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 178

Author(s):

Serap Sezen ◽

Vijay Kumar Thakur ◽

Mehmet Murat Ozmen

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Dye Removal ◽

Low Cost ◽

Dye Adsorption ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

High Porosity ◽

Order Model ◽

Removal Capacity ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

The One

Currently, macroporous hydrogels have been receiving attention in wastewater treatment due to their unique structures. As a natural polymer, alginate is used to remove cationic dyes due to its sustainable features such as abundance, low cost, processability, and being environmentally friendly. Herein, alginate/montmorillonite composite macroporous hydrogels (cryogels) with high porosity, mechanical elasticity, and high adsorption yield for methylene blue (MB) were generated by the one-step cryogelation technique. These cryogels were synthesized by adding montmorillonite into gel precursor, followed by chemical cross-linking employing carbodiimide chemistry in a frozen state. The as-prepared adsorbents were analyzed by FT-IR, SEM, gel fraction, swelling, uniaxial compression, and MB adsorption tests. The results indicated that alginate/montmorillonite cryogels exhibited high gelation yield (up to 80%), colossal water uptake capacity, elasticity, and effective dye adsorption capacity (93.7%). Maximum adsorption capacity against MB was 559.94 mg g−1 by linear regression of Langmuir model onto experimental data. The Pseudo-Second-Order model was fitted better onto kinetic data compared to the Pseudo-First-Order model. Improved porosity and mechanical elasticity yielding enhanced dye removal capacity make them highly potential alternative adsorbents compared to available alginate/montmorillonite materials for MB removal.

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Adsorption of the Blue Dye Reactive Remazol RN in Cellulosic Materials

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.749 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 775-776 ◽

pp. 749-754

Author(s):

Mirna Sales Loiola Rosa ◽

Marcos Pereira Silva ◽

Alan Icaro Morais ◽

Maria Rita de Morais Chaves Santos ◽

Edson Cavalcanti Silva Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Langmuir Model ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Order Model ◽

Textile Waste ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Filter Papers ◽

Best Fit ◽

The Ideal

The disposal of textile waste in water bodies is exacerbating environmental problems, which led scientists to seek natural materials to develop more sustainable ways. Searching for low cost materials was used to remove the dye in two cellulosic sources (filter papers of different brands). The papers were characterized by XRD which confirmed crystallographic profile similar to cellulose. With the aim of optimizing the best conditions, various tests were performed, where the ideal time was 180 minutes for the paper 1 and 240 minutes for the second paper, both by adjusting the pseudo second-order model. The other parameters studied was the pH, adsorbate-adsorbent systems which have maximum adsorption capacity of 2.76 mg / g at pH 2.02 and 2 mg / g at pH 11 for the paper 1 and 10.57 mg / g pH 4 and 2 mg / g at pH 11 for the paper 2. Both adsorbents had the best fit to the Langmuir model in pHs 2 and 11 at the temperature of 298 K.

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Potential Use of Residual Sawdust of Eucalyptus globulus Labill in Pb (II) Adsorption: Modelling of the Kinetics and Equilibrium

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11073125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 3125

Author(s):

Candelaria Tejada-Tovar ◽

Angel Villabona-Ortíz ◽

Rodrigo Ortega-Toro ◽

Humberto Mancilla-Bonilla ◽

Fran Espinoza-León

Keyword(s):

Functional Groups ◽

Low Cost ◽

Order Model ◽

Batch System ◽

Optimal Value ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

The Fourier Transform ◽

Porous Morphology ◽

Potential Use

The raw sawdust of Eucalyptusglobulus Labill was studied as an alternative of residual biomaterial for the adsorption of lead (II) in wastewater, evaluating the effect of pH (3, 4, 5, and 6) in a batch system. From the characterization of the biomaterial, it was found that the biomass has a low ash content, and from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microphotographs that it presents a porous morphology with diverse texture and presence of fiber fragments, which describe the heterogeneity of the material. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum showed the presence of functional groups of NHR, OH, COOH, and hydrocarbons, which are part of the structure of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. From the adsorption experiments, it was obtained that the optimal value of pH 6, reaching a removal percentage of 96% and an adsorption capacity of 4.80 mg/g. The model that better adjusted the kinetics results was the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal models described the adsorption equilibrium; it was found that in the system prevails chemisorption, supported in ion exchange by Pb (II) and the biomass’ functional groups. From the results, eucalyptus sawdust is suggested as a low-cost adsorbent for Pb (II) bioadsorption present in solution.

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Performance and Mechanism for Fluoride Removal in Groundwater with Calcium Modified Biochar from Peanut Shell

Science of Advanced Materials ◽

10.1166/sam.2020.3620 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 492-501 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rui-Ling Zhang ◽

Jing Xu ◽

Lei Gao ◽

Zhe Wang ◽

Bo Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Chloride ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Low Cost ◽

Calcium Content ◽

Fluoride Removal ◽

Peanut Shell ◽

Modified Biochar ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Safe Technique

Fluoride in groundwater poses a great risk to humans. Biochar is an effective and environmental-friendly adsorbent for fluoride removal. The objectives of this study were to develop a calcium modified biochar derived from peanut shell and to study its mechanism in the adsorptive removal of fluoride. For these purposes, biochar was prepared using three different techniques. No. 1 biochar was prepared by direct carbonization, No. 2 biochar was modifiied with 30% calcium chloride solution before carbonization, and No. 3 biochar was modified with 30% calcium chloride following carbonization. The No. 2 biochar clearly showed the highest percentage fluoride removal (92.1%) and the fluoride removal efficiency improved by 30%–60% compared with other techniques. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics of the biochar modified with calcium were best described by the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order model, respectively. Based on the calcium content from the energy spectrum, calcium was well loaded onto the biochar. Calcium detached experiments indicated the loaded calcium was the main method for fluoride removal of No. 2 biochar, the adsorption mechanism was clearly demonstrated through the changes of morphology and group during adsorption. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analyses indicated the highest fluoride removal efficiency of No. 2 biochar was due to cleavage and structural change in many functional groups. But only C–H was involved in No. 3 biochar fluoride removal process. The good performance of No. 2 biochar for de-fluoridation was due to the calcium stably loaded onto the biochar and many of the changed functional groups there. Biochar modified with calcium before carbonization is an efficient, low-cost, safe technique for de-fluoridation.

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Preparation and Characterization of Bagasse Ion Adsorbent

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3167 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 3167-3174

Author(s):

Yu Jiang

Keyword(s):

Functional Groups ◽

Low Cost ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Second Order ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Order Model ◽

Intra Particle Diffusion ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Ft Ir

A low-cost adsorbent was prepared simply by phosphorylating bagasse. The materials were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). Batch adsorption studies were carried out for Cu (II) ions adsorption at different initial concentrations. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and the intra-particle diffusion models were used to analyze the kinetic data. The results revealed that the pseudo-second-order model generated the best agreement with the experiment data with the correlation coefficients greater than 0.999 for the adsorption systems. The mechanism of the Cu (II) ions adsorption by the phosphorylated bagasse was also discussed. The FT-IR results showed that the bagasse adsorbent has many different functional groups and these functional groups are able to react with Cu (II) ions in aqueous solution.

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Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption on Low-Grade Green Coffee Beans

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.800.72 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 800 ◽

pp. 72-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Antonio Zuorro ◽

Roberto Lavecchia

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Low Cost ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Low Grade ◽

Order Model ◽

Green Coffee Beans ◽

Coffee Beans ◽

Equilibrium Data ◽

Pseudo Second Order

Low-grade coffee beans (LCBs), a waste produced in large quantities by the coffee industry, was investigated as a potential low-cost adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from wastewater. The waste was characterized by SEM analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. Equilibrium and kinetic experiments were performed to study the adsorption process. The equilibrium data were found to be well described by the Langmuir model, from which a maximum adsorption capacity of 476.2 mg g1was derived. A half-adsorption time ranging from 12.5 to 96.2 min was estimated by fitting the experimental kinetic data to the pseudo-second-order model.

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Sustainable Chromium (VI) Removal from Contaminated Groundwater Using Nano-Magnetite-Modified Biochar via Rapid Microwave Synthesis

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26010103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 103

Author(s):

Xiaoming Song ◽

Yuewen Zhang ◽

Nan Cao ◽

Dong Sun ◽

Zhipeng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synthesis Method ◽

Microwave Treatment ◽

Contaminated Groundwater ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Intraparticle Diffusion Model ◽

Adsorption Mechanisms ◽

Chromium Vi ◽

Modified Biochar ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Nano Fe3o4

This study developed a nano-magnetite-modified biochar material (m-biochar) using a simple and rapid in situ synthesis method via microwave treatment, and systematically investigated the removal capability and mechanism of chromium (VI) by this m-biochar from contaminated groundwater. The m-biochar was fabricated from reed residues and magnetically modified by nano-Fe3O4. The results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterisations confirmed the successful doping of nano-Fe3O4 on the biochar with an improved porous structure. The synthesised m-biochar exhibited significantly higher maximum adsorption capacity of 9.92 mg/g compared with that (8.03 mg/g) of the pristine biochar. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model and the intraparticle diffusion model, which indicated that the overall adsorption rate of Cr(VI) was governed by the processes of chemical adsorption, liquid film diffusion and intramolecular diffusion. The increasing of the pH from 3 to 11 significantly affected the Cr(VI) adsorption, where the capabilities decreased from 9.92 mg/g to 0.435 mg/g and 8.03 mg/g to 0.095 mg/g for the m-biochar and pristine biochar, respectively. Moreover, the adsorption mechanisms of Cr(VI) by m-biochar were evaluated and confirmed to include the pathways of electrostatic adsorption, reduction and complexation. This study highlighted an effective synthesis method to prepare a superior Cr(VI) adsorbent, which could contribute to the effective remediation of heavy metal contaminations in the groundwater.

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