scholarly journals Waste disposal systems of Addis Ababa City, the African Capital, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailu Shiferaw ◽  
Fantu Shoamare ◽  
Seifu Legesse
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Visual Basic ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Business People ◽  
Relational Database System ◽  
Advanced Technologies

Abstract Industries have played vital roles for economic development that enable people to create new and better livelihoods, more income, and modern life systems. However, Ethiopia has little benefited from industry sector due to limited number of industries with less advanced technologies. This study was conducted in Addis Ababa, the Capital City of Africa. Datasets were collected from 2,204 institutions through structured interview, field observation and GPS points. Datasets were entered, cleaned and analyzed using a relational database system in Visual Basic and MS-access database environment. Spatial distribution of industries indicates that only 18% of industries were found in industry zones, while 82% are outside industry zones and of which 78% of them are found in residential areas. Industrial wastes are disposed either to nearest river or open field. The findings indicate that only 10% of industries treated and disposed their wastes whereas 90% didn’t treat industrial wastes but disposed to the environment. The major observed impacts were on: affecting human and animals’ health, pollute surface and groundwater, pollute soil and air, trigger firing, damage ditches, block canals and cause over floods, among others. It requires concerted efforts to minimize and avoid improper waste disposal systems so as to realize economically active, environmental suitable and socially conduce capital city for its residents, tourist and business people.

scholarly journals Landfill Site Selection Using a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method: A Case Study of the Salafcheghan Special Economic Zone, Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Yousefi ◽  
Zahra Javadzadeh ◽  
Younes Noorollahi ◽  
Amin Yousefi-Sahzabi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Special Economic Zone ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
Influential Parameters

Sustainable waste management, particularly in industrial areas, is one of the major challenges of developing countries. Among the important issues in the overall process of industrial wastes management is the necessity of suitable site selection for waste disposal. Considering the effects that the disposal sites exert on their surrounding ecosystem and environment, these sites should be located in places with the minimum destructive effects and the lowest environmental impacts. The aim of this research is to outline important criteria for industrial zone waste disposal site selection and to select optimal and proper disposal sites in the Salafchegan special economic zone. This region, as one of the most important industrial areas and closest to the country’s political–economic center, enjoys a privileged and unique position for producing, exporting, and transiting goods and products. There are various parameters involved in the optimal selection of suitable industrial waste disposal sites. In this case study, issues such as the depth of groundwater, distance from surface- and groundwater, access routes, residential areas, industries, power transmission lines, flood-proneness, faults, slope, and distance from gardens and agricultural lands were taken into account. Following selection and preparation of the maps related to the influential parameters, assigning weights was done through the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and using expert comments. At this stage, the maps and weights related to them were introduced into an index overlay model to obtain new maps from combining the influential parameters. Thereafter, the areas with the first and second priorities were selected and out of each one, four sites were suggested for disposing of industrial wastes. The sites with the first and second priorities were specified as A1, A2, A3, and A4 and B1, B2, B3, and B4, respectively. The area, groundwater depth, distance from residential areas, distance from the Salafchegan special economic zone, the direction of the predominant wind, and the land use of the selected sites were also investigated.

scholarly journals An Emerging Problem of Shisha Smoking among High School Students in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7023
Author(s):  
Selamawit Hirpa ◽  
Andrew Fogarty ◽  
Adamu Addissie ◽  
Linda Bauld ◽  
Thomas Frese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Capital City ◽  
School Level ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
School Students ◽  
Study Participants

Shisha smoking is also known as hookah, water pipe, goza, and nargile. Shisha use among the young is increasing globally. Shisha smoke results in a high concentration of carbon monoxide, tar, nicotine, and heavy metals which can be toxic to humans, especially with chronic exposure. This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of shisha smoking among in-school adolescents in Ethiopia. Four regional states in Ethiopia (Oromia, Amhara, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region, Tigray) and the capital city (Addis Ababa) were the study areas. A two-stage cluster sampling approach was employed to produce a representative sample. From the sampling frames in the study areas, 36 high schools were selected randomly. A multi-level logistic regression analysis was used to account for cluster-specific random effects, the effect of individuals’, and school-level variables for ever-use of shisha. A total of 3355 secondary school grade 9 and 10 students aged between 13 and 22 years took part in this study. A total of 86 (2.6%) and 20 (0.6%) of the study participants, reported that they had ever smoked or were current smokers of shisha, respectively. Of all study participants, 38.6% perceived shisha as less harmful than cigarettes and 48.5% reported that they do not know which was more harmful to health. Students were more likely to ever use shisha if they had friend/s who smoke shisha (AOR = 16.8, 95% CI: 6.4–44.3), ever smoked cigarettes (AOR = 8.2, 95% CI: 3.4–19.8), ever used khat (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.9–10.4), ever used marijuana (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.4–11.1), ever used smokeless tobacco (AOR = 3.1 95% CI: 1.1–8.4), and students had received income from their parents (AOR = 3.1 CI: 1.1–8.8). Prevalence of ever and current use of shisha among high school students is low in Ethiopia compared to many countries in Africa. The majority of adolescents perceived shisha as less harmful to health than cigarette smoking. Health education about the harmful effects of shisha should be delivered to adolescents, along with information on other substances like khat, cigarettes, marijuana, and smokeless tobacco to prevent initiation of substance use.

Canning Waste Disposal INDUSTRIAL WASTES.

1953 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 101A-103A
Author(s):  
Harold R. Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Industrial Wastes

scholarly journals Rabies in animals and humans in and around Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia: A retrospective and questionnaire based study

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Reta, ◽  
S. Teshale, ◽  
A. Deresa, ◽  
A. Ali, ◽  
F. Mengistu, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Capital City

scholarly journals Collecting Small-Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment in Poland—How Can Containers Help in Disposal of E-Waste by Individuals?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12422
Author(s):  
Piotr Nowakowski ◽  
Sandra Kuśnierz ◽  
Julia Płoszaj ◽  
Patrycja Sosna
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Support Design ◽  
Location Selection ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Waste Container

The effectiveness of e-waste collection depends on organizational and social factors. Individuals should have easy access to collection points and be aware of proper methods of e-waste disposal. This article investigates the availability, usability, and occurring irregularities of the container collection of small-waste electrical and electronic equipment. The study explores the attitude and behavior of individuals when disposing of small-waste equipment in the South of Poland. The results show that ninety-five percent of supermarkets’ managers responsible for waste management find a growing interest in the disposal of small e-waste by individuals. An increasing number of collection containers encourages residents to dispose of small-waste appliances. More than eighty-three percent of respondents are aware of proper methods of e-waste disposal. Additional information campaigns addressed to residents are required to prevent mixing electrical and electronic waste with other waste and to encourage the disposal of small e-waste. The intention to dispose of small e-waste was declared by only thirty-two percent of respondents. Containers with discarded easy breakable items, such as lamps, should be removed more frequently. The collection containers’ noticeability is evaluated by individuals as of average difficulty. The containers in supermarkets have simple designs and labels indicating the category of waste for disposal. The containers installed in residential areas have attractive designs and advertising slogans. The individuals expect the containers should be available in more locations that are easily accessible from households. The results of this study should be helpful for local authorities, waste collection companies, and waste electrical and electronic organizations, to support design, location selection, and information campaigns for small e-waste container collections.

scholarly journals WASTE DISPOSAL IN MARINE WATERS

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Donald W. Hood
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Dilution Level

Waste disposal in marine waters is of importance to coastal engineers because of the ever-increasing requirements for an effective means of dilution of both municipal and industrial wastes. There are many considerations that enter into a satisfactory waste disposal method by dilution, but to the engineer two major considerations must be made. These are, first, the rate of diffusion and, second, the level of dilution necessary to effect disposal. These considerations become quite involved because of the varying conditions which influence dilution or diffusion processes and the uses of the water, which determines the criteria for a satisfactory dilution level. Thus, the dilution levels necessary will be dependent on the nature of the material and the area of dispersal.

scholarly journals Land Selling Scenario of Person Leaving Agriculture in Nayagarh District of Odisha

2021 ◽  
pp. 321-326
Author(s):  
Anupam Dakua ◽  
Kalyan Ghadei
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Ex Post Facto Study

Aim: Land being the most important consideration in the social status in the rural areas, selling of them is considered as bad signs in India. Many times, it is observed that farmers were compelled to sell their lands due to manyreasons. Depeasantisation is one of them. In the current paper the land selling scenario of the Depeasantised persons is analysed. Study Design and Place of Study: An Ex-post-Facto study has been conducted in Nayagarh District of Odisha, which is one of the peri-urban districts of the Capital city of Odisha. Methodology: A total of 280 number of Depeasantised persons were selected randomly from 5 blocks out of 8 blocks of the district for the study. A structured interview schedule was prepared for collecting the data from the respondents. With proper statistical tools the data was analysed and interpreted for the result. The proportion of respondents sold land, category of farmers who sold land, the reason of land selling, and the persons to whom the land sold was found out during the investigation. Result: Almost half of the depeasantised persons have sold their lands, all of then have sold a portion of their lands only. More than 85 percent of the respondents belonged to the marginal farer category who had sold their lands. Debt repayment was the primary factor for selling of land in the study area. Most of the depeasantised persons more than 60 percent had sold their lands to landlords and other moneyed persons. Conclusion: To safeguard the interest of the farmers and to prevent the land selling of the small and marginal farmers government should have more focused approach to solve this issue.

scholarly journals Intergovernmental cooperation, divided societies and capital cities: The case of the Ethiopian capital

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-29
Author(s):  
Yonatan T. Fessha
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Constitutional Politics ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
Intergovernmental Cooperation ◽  
Diverse Communities

Some call it Addis Ababa. Others call it Finfinnee. That is the capital city of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. “What’s in a name?” In fact, the name is at the centre of the row over the federal capital. Those who opt to refer the capital as Finfinnee claim that the capital belongs to the Oromo. Those that stick to the official name, Addis Ababa, reject the language of ownership. But this is not merely a fight over history. It is a constitutional politics that has gripped the federation. The debate over the Ethiopian capital brings to fore the question about the place of capital cities in multi-ethnic federations. Using the Ethiopian capital as a case study, this article investigates how capital cities can manage the tension between the accommodation of diverse communities and the indigeneity argument that is often used as a basis to claim ownership. The article argues that the mediation of tensions can be best addressed through the framework of intergovernmental cooperation.

The Role of Islamic Financial Product Innovation in Reduction of Financial Exclusion in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
pp. 426-446
Author(s):  
Suadiq Mehammed Hailu ◽  
Ayhan Kapusuzoglu ◽  
Nildag Basak Ceylan
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Financial Systems ◽  
Financial Exclusion ◽  
Strategic Role

The aim of the chapter is to explain the strategic role of Islamic finance, which can be considered as financial product innovation, in combating financial exclusion in Ethiopia. It intends to assess the extent and the nature of religious-driven financial exclusion of Ethiopian Muslims and the level of their participation in the existing interest free window banking system introduced to the sector recently. In order to collect data for the research, mixed approaches such as questionnaires and semi-structured interviews are used. The questionnaire was distributed to 321 respondents in Addis Ababa in 2017 while the semi-structured interview was conducted with selected high-ranking bank officers. At the end of the analyses there are findings which show the extent of financial exclusion of Ethiopian Muslims due to the absence of alternative financial systems.

scholarly journals Biotechnology of Rhodococcus for the production of valuable compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (20) ◽  
pp. 8567-8594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Cappelletti ◽  
Alessandro Presentato ◽  
Elena Piacenza ◽  
Andrea Firrincieli ◽  
Raymond J. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Versatility ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Valuable Compounds ◽  
Medical Relevance

Abstract Bacteria belonging to Rhodococcus genus represent ideal candidates for microbial biotechnology applications because of their metabolic versatility, ability to degrade a wide range of organic compounds, and resistance to various stress conditions, such as metal toxicity, desiccation, and high concentration of organic solvents. Rhodococcus spp. strains have also peculiar biosynthetic activities that contribute to their strong persistence in harsh and contaminated environments and provide them a competitive advantage over other microorganisms. This review is focused on the metabolic features of Rhodococcus genus and their potential use in biotechnology strategies for the production of compounds with environmental, industrial, and medical relevance such as biosurfactants, bioflocculants, carotenoids, triacylglycerols, polyhydroxyalkanoate, siderophores, antimicrobials, and metal-based nanostructures. These biosynthetic capacities can also be exploited to obtain high value-added products from low-cost substrates (industrial wastes and contaminants), offering the possibility to efficiently recover valuable resources and providing possible waste disposal solutions. Rhodococcus spp. strains have also recently been pointed out as a source of novel bioactive molecules highlighting the need to extend the knowledge on biosynthetic capacities of members of this genus and their potential utilization in the framework of bioeconomy. Key points • Rhodococcus possesses promising biosynthetic and bioconversion capacities. • Rhodococcus bioconversion capacities can provide waste disposal solutions. • Rhodococcus bioproducts have environmental, industrial, and medical relevance.

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