scholarly journals Soils Acidity Characterization, Mapping and Lime Recommendation of Jimma Arjo District, East Wollega Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayisa Olana Bulo ◽  
Hailu Shiferaw Desta
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Analytical Services ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: Soil fertility is one of the major constraints of agricultural production and productivity. Soil fertility atlas shows plant nutrient status and is useful for decision making in fertilizers and other amendments advisory service for farmers. The objectives of this research were to study the farming activity, assess the acidity status of the soils, map and recommend the right amount of lime for acidic soils. Result: A total of 199 soil samples were collected across Jimma Arjo district at 1.5 km grid interval from a depth of 0 - 20 cm for annual and 0 - 50 cm for perennial crops. The total area of the district was 76,574 ha. Soil reaction (pH), electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable acidity (EA) were done at Nekemte Soil Research Center. Exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K, Na) were analyzed by wet chemistry analysis at Yara Analytical Services, England. Critical levels adopted by the Ethiopian Soil Information System (EthioSIS) project were used for characterization of the soil properties. Soil reaction (pH) ranged from 4.45 to 6.87 in which 17.1 and 78.4% of the total area was covered by strongly acidic soils and slightly acidic soils, respectively. Agricultural lime (Ag-lime) was required for 17.87% of the total area and 12.63%, 4.36% and 0.88% of the total area require lime at a rate of 0 - 1, 1 - 2, and 2 - 4.1 tons/ha respectively. Conclusion: The highland areas of the district are more populated and there is high pressure on soil, cooler temperature and higher rainfall than lowlands which resulted in soil acidity of the highlands. The magnitude and extent of soil acidity in the area is expanding and liming is very important as an entry point to mitigate further expansion. The observed dependency of the soil acidity on landscape position could be a proxy indicator of the difference in fertility status of the two landscapes.

scholarly journals Morphometric Characteristics of the Conal Coronary Artery

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Stankovic ◽  
Milica Jesic
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Surgical Revascularization ◽  
The Third ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Morphometric Characterization

The right conal (conus) artery either presents as the first ventricular branch of the right coronary artery (RCA) or arises directly from the aorta, in which case, it is considered the third coronary artery (TCA). Morphometric characterization of this artery is important for interpretation of coronarography, surgical revascularization of myocardium and embryological interpretations. Eight out of 23 hearts presented the TCA (34.8%). The difference in the frequency of the TCA between the sexes was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). In all the specimens, the ostium of the TCA was to the left of and superior to the ostium of the RCA. The supernumerary (third) coronary artery formed Vieussens' arterial ring in 50% of the cases with the TCA, while the conal branch of the RCA formed the anastomosis with the conal branch at a higher frequency (63% of the cases). The ratio of external diameters of the RCA and TCA was 2.84 ±0.78, while the ratio of external diameters of the RCA and its conal branch was 2.61±0.74. The difference in the ratios was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). There were no findings indicating that the presence of the TCA could be detrimental or advantageous when compared to the classical coronary scheme (right and left coronary arteries originating from the aortic sinuses). Based solely on the TCA's morphological features, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that the presence of the TCA per se, is associated with a known clinical or disease state.

scholarly journals Rising levels of soil acidity in Meghalaya: Evidences and Imperatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-303
Author(s):  
MANOJ KUMAR ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Eigen Values ◽  
Garo Hills

In order to examine the current status of soil acidity in Meghalaya, representative soil samples (n= 497) were collected (during 2015-2016) from across the state and analyzed for soil acidity and associated parameters. Averaged across the samples, pH of the soils was found to be very strongly acidic (4.94). Nearly 20 % of the soils had pH below 4.50, 59% below pH 5.0 and 80% below pH 5.50. Only 3.4% of the samples recorded pH more than 6.0. East Khasi Hills District had the maximum percentage (95.1%) of strongly acidic soils (pH ≤ 5.50) while Garo Hills had the least (50.2%). All other districts recorded more than 85% of the strongly acidic soils. Average exchangeable acidity, exchangeable Al and effective CEC were found to be 1.60, 1.27 and 3.86 meq/100g soil, respectively. Mean base saturation was recorded below 60%. Aluminium saturation (percentage of effective CEC being occupied by exch. Al) ranged from 1.5 to 79.7% with its mean value being as high as 33%. Principal component analysis provided three PCs with Eigen values >1 and together they explained 83.2 % of the variance in total dataset. The soil acidity in Meghalaya is on rise, with 80.2% of its soils being strongly acidic (pH ≤ 5.50) in contrast to the previous reports of 53% soils being strongly acidic. This calls for widespread adoption of soil acidity ameliorative measures in agriculture of Meghalaya, Northeast India.

scholarly journals Optimisation of Charcoal and Sago (Metroxylon sagu) Bark Ash to Improve Phosphorus Availability in Acidic Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1803
Author(s):  
Prisca Divra Johan ◽  
Osumanu Haruna Ahmed ◽  
Ali Maru ◽  
Latifah Omar ◽  
Nur Aainaa Hasbullah
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
P Fixation ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu ◽  
Sago Bark ◽  
Fe Ions

Soil acidity is an important soil factor affecting crop growth and development. This ultimately limits crop productivity and the profitability of farmers. Soil acidity increases the toxicity of Al, Fe, H, and Mn. The abundance of Al and Fe ions in weathered soils has been implicated in P fixation. To date, limited research has attempted to unravel the use of charcoal with the incorporation of sago (Metroxylon sagu) bark ash to reduce P fixation. Therefore, an incubation study was conducted in the Soil Science Laboratory of Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Malaysia for 90 days to determine the optimum amounts of charcoal and sago bark ash that could be used to improve the P availability of a mineral acidic soil. Charcoal and sago bark ash rates varied by 25%, whereas Egypt rock phosphate (ERP) rate was fixed at 100% of the recommendation rate. Soil available P was determined using the Mehlich 1 method, soil total P was extracted using the aqua regia method, and inorganic P was fractionated using the sequential extraction method based on its relative solubility. Other selected soil chemical properties were determined using standard procedures. The results reveal that co-application of charcoal, regardless of rate, substantially increased soil total carbon. In addition, application of 75% sago bark ash increased soil pH and at the same time, it reduced exchangeable acidity, Al3+, and Fe2+. Additionally, amending acidic soils with both charcoal and sago bark ash positively enhanced the availability of K, Ca, Mg, and Na. Although there was no significant improvement in soil Mehlich-P with or without charcoal and sago bark ash, the application of these amendments altered inorganic P fractions in the soil. Calcium-bound phosphorus was more pronounced compared with Al-P and Fe-P for the soil with ERP, charcoal, and sago bark ash. The findings of this study suggest that as soil pH decreases, P fixation by Al and Fe can be minimised using charcoal and sago bark ash. This is because of the alkalinity of sago bark ash and the high affinity of charcoal for Al and Fe ions to impede Al and Fe hydrolysis to produce more H+. Thus, the optimum rates of charcoal and sago bark ash to increase P availability are 75% sago bark ash with 75%, 50%, and 25% charcoal because these rates significantly reduced soil exchangeable acidity, Al3+, and Fe2+.

SOIL ACIDITY IN RELATION TO SOIL PROPERTIES AND LIME REQUIREMENT

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. CURTIN ◽  
H. P. W. ROSTAD ◽  
P. M. HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Extractable Al

The nature and components of acidity in a group of 20 Saskatchewan soils (pH 5.0–5.8) were investigated. KCl-exchangeable acidity was very low (0.3–2.2 mmol(+)∙kg−1) in all soils. Titratable acidity, determined as the difference between effective CEC and buffered (at pH 8.1) CEC, ranged from 9 to 191 mmol(+)∙kg−1 and constituted about 99% of the total acidity in the soils examined. Titratable acidity was highly correlated with organic carbon (r = 0.83) and with Al extracted using citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate (r = 0.95), potassium pyrophosphate (r = 0.92) and pH 4.8 ammonium acetate (r = 0.79). The combination of organic carbon and citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate-extractable Al accounted for 96% of the variation in titratable acidity. Although lime requirement determined by the Shoemaker-Mc-Lean-Pratt procedure was very highly correlated with titratable acidity (r = 0.98), the data show that the estimated amount of lime to raise soil pH to 6.8 actually exceeded the total (titratable plus exchangeable) acidity in 19 of the 20 soils. Key words: Extractable Al, organic matter, SMP buffer, cation exchange capacity

scholarly journals Electrical Characterization of Proposed Transpositional Acupoints on the Urinary Bladder Meridian in a Rat Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Jung Han ◽  
Sang-Jun Park ◽  
Kwang-sup Soh ◽  
Hyoun-Seok Myoung ◽  
Kyoung-Joung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Bladder Meridian ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Specific electrical characteristicsof acupointswere investigated on the urinary bladder (BL) meridian in 14 rats. BL acupointsand non-acupoints on the back were selected and their electrical voltages were measured by using aSPACsystem.The mean voltages of each point or each line were statistically analyzed by using the ANOVA test.The BL meridian showed voltages higher than those of the reference line (P<.05). Bilateral 1st BL lines presented higher voltages than bilateral 2nd BL lines (P<.05). Most BL acupoints had voltageshigher than those for the corresponding reference points (P<.05). In particular, theright BL16 exhibited the biggest difference from the reference point, followed by the left extra BL point-2, the right BL27, the left BL17, and theleft BL45. Additionally, the distributions of neurofilamentsfor several points were investigated by using immunohistochemistry. There was a trend for the BL acupoints to have larger numbers of neurofilaments than the reference points, and that trend seemed to be directly proportional to the difference in voltage between the points.In conclusion, BL acupoints on the back in ratsexhibited specific electric and histologic characteristics. Therefore, those acupointsmay be utilized to investigate the efficacy of acupuncturewith laboratory animals.

scholarly journals Extent, Distribution, and Causes of Soil Acidity under Subsistence Farming System and Lime Recommendation: The Case in Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fanuel Laekemariam ◽  
Kibebew Kibret
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Exchangeable Al

Soil acidity is one of the most important environmental threats to the Ethiopian highlands where the livelihood of the majority of people is reliant on agriculture. Yet, information regarding its extent, distribution, causes, and lime requirement at a scale relevant to subsistence farming systems is still lacking. This study (1) investigates the extent and spatial distribution of soil acidity, (2) identifies factors attributing to soil acidification, and (3) predicts the lime requirement for major crops. A total of 789 soil samples were collected from arable lands in the Wolaita area which is mainly characterized by poor soil fertility and soil degradation in southern Ethiopia. Results revealed that the landscape is characterized by a gentle slope followed by strongly sloppy > flat > hilly topographies. Clay is the dominant soil textural class. A soil pH map, which is generated using geospatial analysis, demonstrates that 3.3, 78.0, and 18.7% of the total area were under strongly acidic, moderately acidic, and neutral soil reactions, respectively. The exchangeable acidity (Cmol(+)/kg) varied from nil to 5.1, whereas exchangeable Al ranged from 1.4 to 19.9 Cmol(+)/kg. The soil pH has shown a significantly ( p  < 0.001) negative association with clay content (r = −0.33), exchangeable Al (r = −61), exchangeable acidity (r = −0.58), and inorganic fertilizer application (r = −0.33). Increased rates of diammonium phosphate (DAP) (r2 = 0.91) and urea (r2 = 0.88) markedly elevated soil acidity. Conversely, manuring showed a significant ( p  < 0.001) and positive relationship with pH (r = 0.37) in which the increasing rate of manure significantly reduced acidification (r2 = 0.98). DAP and urea applications above 75 kg/ha lowered soil pH units by 0.56 and 0.48, respectively, <25 kg/ha while at the same time farmyard manure (FYM) at 4 t/ha raised pH by 0.75 units over the unfertilized field. Residue management significantly ( p  < 0.001) influenced soil pH wherein it ranged from 6.09 (complete residue removal) to 6.61 (residue incorporation). Changes in land use, cropping intensity, and socioeconomic status were also significantly attributed to soil acidification. To curb the effects of soil acidity, the lime requirement for common bean growing fields varied from zero to 6.6 t/ha, while for maize it was between zero and 4.3 t/ha. It is concluded that soil management interventions such as maintaining and incorporating crop residues, integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers, liming, and enhancing farmers’ awareness should be advocated to overcome soil acidification and improve soil fertility. In addition, introducing crops with traits that tolerate acidity and Al toxicity is also suggested.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Berbagai Jenis Pupuk Organik Hayati terhadap Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) di Tanah Pasang Surut Tipe Luapan C Asal Banyuurip

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neni Marlina ◽  
Nurbaiti Amir ◽  
Berliana Palmasari
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Type C ◽  
The Right

Marlina et al, 2018. Utilization of Various Types of Biofertilizer on the Production of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) in overflow type C Tidal Soils from Banyuurip. JLSO 7(1):Tidal land has considerable potential to be used as agricultural land, one of which is for shallot, but the obstacles faced in this tidal land are high soil acidity and low soil fertility. Therefore, to increase the production of onion plants can be given biological organic fertilizer. This study aimed to analyze the right type of biological organic fertilizer in increasing the production of shallots. This research was carried out at the Greenhouse in Palembang. The design used was Factorial Randomized Completely Block Design with consisted of 4 treatment factors with 6 replications for each treatment.  The first factor was control (O0), the second factor was biofertilizer enriched with Azospirillum (O1) bacteria, the third factor was biofertilizer enriched with phosphate solvent bacteria (BPF) (O2), and the fourth factor was biofertilizers enriched with Azospirillum and BPF bacteria. The results showed that the treatment of Azospirillum and BPF-enriched biofertilizers gave the best production per hill of onion by 85.33 g.

Legal Update: North Dakota Supreme Court: Third Edition of Guides is “Most Current”

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
James J. Mangraviti
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Hip Motion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Rotation ◽  
Hip Extension

Abstract The accurate measurement of hip motion is critical when one rates impairments of this joint, makes an initial diagnosis, assesses progression over time, and evaluates treatment outcome. The hip permits all motions typical of a ball-and-socket joint. The hip sacrifices some motion but gains stability and strength. Figures 52 to 54 in AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fourth Edition, illustrate techniques for measuring hip flexion, loss of extension, abduction, adduction, and external and internal rotation. Figure 53 in the AMA Guides, Fourth Edition, illustrates neutral, abducted, and adducted positions of the hip and proper alignment of the goniometer arms, and Figure 52 illustrates use of a goniometer to measure flexion of the right hip. In terms of impairment rating, hip extension (at least any beyond neutral) is irrelevant, and the AMA Guides contains no figures describing its measurement. Figure 54, Measuring Internal and External Hip Rotation, demonstrates proper positioning and measurement techniques for rotary movements of this joint. The difference between measured and actual hip rotation probably is minimal and is irrelevant for impairment rating. The normal internal rotation varies from 30° to 40°, and the external rotation ranges from 40° to 60°.

Implementasi Sistem Informasi Monitoring Pengolahan Data Inventory Gudang Pada PT.Talaga Mulya Indah

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-197
Author(s):  
Nurlaila Suci Rahayu Rais ◽  
Dedeh Apriyani ◽  
Gito Gardjito
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Monitoring of warehouse inventory data processing is an important thing for companies. PT Talaga mulya indah is still manual using paper media, causing problems that have an effect on existing information, namely: problems with data processing of incoming and outgoing goods. And the difference between data on the amount of stock of goods available with physical data, often occurs inputting data more than once for the same item, searching for available data, and making reports so that it impedes companies in monitoring inventory of existing stock of goods. Which aims to create a system that can provide updated information to facilitate the warehouse admin in making inventory reports, and reduce errors in input by means of integrated control. In this study, the authors used the data collection method used in this analysis using the method of observation, interviews, and literature review (literature study). For analysis using the PIECES analysis method. Furthermore, the system design used is UML (Unified Modeling Language). The results of this study are expected to produce the right data in the process of monitoring inventory data processing, also can provide the right information and make it easier to control the overall availability of goods.

Analisis Karakterisasi Teknologi Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Dan Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Fawzan Galib Abdul Karim Bawahab ◽  
Elvan Yuniarti ◽  
Edi Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Spread Spectrum ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Frequency Hopping ◽  
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum ◽  
Direct Sequence ◽  
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
The Difference

Abstrak. Pada penelitian ini, telah dilakukan analisa karakterisasi pada teknologi Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum dan Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum, sebagai salah satu teknik multiple-access pada sistem komunikasi. Karakterisasi dilakukan untuk mencari bagaimana cara meningkatkan keoptimalan kedua sistem tersebut, dalam mengatasi masalah interferensi dengan sistem dan channel yang sama. Dan juga untuk menentukan veriabel apa yang mempengaruhi keoptimalan kedua sistem tersebut. Karakterisasi dilakukan dengan menentukan variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi keoptimalan keduanya. Hasil dari karakterisasi, diketahui variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi kemampuan sistem DSSS yaitu nilai frekuensi spreading (). Sedangkan untuk sistem FHSS yaitu nilai frekuensi spreading ( dan ) dan selisih antara frekuensi hopping data dengan frekuensi hopping interferensi . Kata Kunci: BER, DSSS, FHSS, Interference, Spread spectrum. Abstract. In this study, characterization of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum technologies have been done, as one of the multiple-access techniques in communication systems. Characterization is done to find out how to improve the ability of the two systems, in solving interference problems with the same system and channel. And also to determine what veriabel affects the ability of the two systems. Characterization is done by determining the variables that affect the ability of both. The results of the characterization, known variables that affect the ability of the DSSS system are the spreading frequency value (). As for the FHSS system, the spreading frequency value ( and ) and the difference between frequency hopping data with frequency hopping interference .

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