scholarly journals Species Diversity in Penicillium and Acaulium From Herbivore Dung in China, and Description of Acaulium stericum Sp. Nov.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Su ◽  
Hua Zhu ◽  
Peilin Sun ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Bochao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Herbivorous Animal ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Rdna ◽  
Β Tubulin

Abstract Penicillium and Acaulium species are common in the fresh of herbivore dung and can produce abundant secondary metabolism, which play important roles as decomposers of organic materials, food industry, and enzyme factories. Besides, the well-characterized diversity of dung fungi offers accessible systems for dissecting the function of fungi in gut and for exploring potential to produce high cellulases in herbivorous animal. During a survey of intestinal fungi from herbivorous animal in China, more than 400 were isolated, 38 belonging to Penicillium and 4 belonging to Acaulium were obtained from 12 healthy animals including marmot and chinchilla and selected for detailed study. Putative taxa were characterized by a multi-gene sequencing analysis testing the partial β-tubulin (TUB), the internal transcribed spacer rDNA (ITS), calmodulin (CAM), and RPB2, and a detailed phenotypic study. Penicillium strains were identified as six sections, 12 known species. In addition, four Acaulium isolates were identified as Acaulium album and Acaulium stericum sp. nov. based on morphology and phylogeny of multi-gene sequences. This study shows that the species diversity of Penicillium on herbivore dung has not been widely studied and that seems to be a good source of offers opportunities for discovery of new cellulases from microbial communities.

scholarly journals Internal Transcribed Spacer rRNA Gene Sequencing Analysis of Dustborne Fungi in a Water-Damaged Office Building

2016 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. AB181
Author(s):  
Brett J. Green ◽  
Angela R. Lemons ◽  
Yeonmi Park ◽  
Jean M. Cox-Ganser ◽  
Ju-Hyeong Park
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

scholarly journals Species diversity in Penicillium and Talaromyces from herbivore dung, and the proposal of two new genera of penicillium-like fungi in Aspergillaceae

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Guevara-Suarez ◽  
D. García ◽  
J.F. Cano-Lira ◽  
J. Guarro ◽  
J. Gené
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Coprophilous Fungi ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Genealogical Concordance ◽  
High Level

Coprophilous fungi are saprotrophic organisms that show great diversity, mainly on herbivore dung. The physico-chemical characteristics of this peculiar substrate combined with the high level of fungal adaptation to different environmental conditions offer the perfect setting for discovering new taxa. This study focused on the species diversity of penicillium-like fungi isolated mainly from herbivore dung collected at different Spanish locations. From 130 samples, a total of 104 isolates were obtained, and 48 species were identified. Preliminary identifications were based on morphology and partial β-tubulin (tub2) gene sequences. Putative new taxa were characterized by a multi-gene sequencing analysis testing the tub2, the internal transcribed spacer rDNA (ITS), calmodulin (cmdA), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) genes, and a detailed phenotypic study. Using this polyphasic approach and following the genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) method, we propose the new genera Penicillago (for Penicillium nodositatum) and Pseudopenicillium (for Penicillium megasporum and P. giganteum) in the family Aspergillaceae, and 11 new species, including seven Penicillium, three Talaromyces and one Pseudopenicillium. A lectotype and epitype are designed for Penicillium nodositatum. Our results show that the species diversity of penicillium-like fungi on herbivore dung has not been widely studied and that this substrate seems to be a good reservoir of interesting Eurotialean fungi.

scholarly journals First Report of Soft Rot on Dendrobium officinale caused by Epicoccum sorghinum in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caiyun Xiao ◽  
Rongyu Li ◽  
Xingchen Song ◽  
Xujun Tian ◽  
Qijun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Dendrobium Officinale ◽  
First Report ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
And Control ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Rdna

In recent years, soft rot is one of the most serious diseases in the production of Dendrobium officinale. In this study, we took the diseased plants of Dendrobium officinale in Guizhou as samples, through Koch's rule and sequence analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer (rDNA-ITS), calmodulin (cmdA), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase Ⅱ (RPB2), elongation factor EF-1 α and β-tubulin (β-Tub), it was determined that the pathogen of Dendrobium officinale soft rot was sorghum accessory cocci. This is our first report on the soft rot of Dendrobium officinale caused by Epicoccum sorghinum in China. The morphological characteristics of the pathogen shown in the study will have a certain reference value for the prevention and control of the soft rot of Dendrobium officinale in the future.

scholarly journals Internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene sequencing analysis of fungal diversity in Kansas City indoor environments

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Rittenour ◽  
Christina E. Ciaccio ◽  
Charles S. Barnes ◽  
Michael L. Kashon ◽  
Angela R. Lemons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Kansas City ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

scholarly journals First case of an invasive Bacteroides dorei infection detected in a patient with a mycotic aortic aneurysm—raising a rebellion of major indigenous bacteria in humans: a case report and review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Matsuoka ◽  
Takuya Shimizu ◽  
Tadanori Minagawa ◽  
Wakiko Hiranuma ◽  
Miki Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Resected Specimen ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
First Case ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract Background Bacteroides dorei is an anaerobic gram-negative bacterium first described in 2006. Because of the high similarity in mass spectra between B. dorei and Bacteroides vulgatus, discriminating between these species is arduous in clinical practice. In recent decades, 16S rRNA gene sequencing has been a complementary method for distinguishing taxonomically close bacteria, including B. dorei and B. vulgatus, at the genus and species levels. Consequently, B. dorei has been shown to contribute to some diseases, including type 1 autoimmune diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic diseases. However, there are no reports on invasive infectious diseases caused by B. dorei. This report describes the first case of direct invasion and colonisation of human tissue by B. dorei, thus providing a warning regarding the previously proposed application of B. dorei as a live biotherapeutic for atherosclerotic diseases. Case presentation A 78-year-old Japanese man complained of intermittent chest/back pain and was diagnosed with a mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm by enhanced computed tomography on admission. Despite strict blood pressure control and empirical antibiotic therapy, the patient’s condition worsened. To prevent aneurysmal rupture and eliminate infectious foci, the patient underwent surgical treatment. The resected specimen was subjected to tissue culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis to identify pathogenic bacteria. A few days after the surgery, culture and sequencing results revealed that the pathogen was B. dorei/B. vulgatus and B. dorei, respectively. The patient was successfully treated with appropriate antibacterial therapy and after improvement, was transferred to another hospital for rehabilitation on postoperative day 34. There was no recurrence of infection or aneurysm after the patient transfer. Conclusions This report describes the first case of invasive infectious disease caused by B. dorei, casting a shadow over its utilisation as a probiotic for atherosclerotic diseases.

A polyphasic approach to characterise two novel species of Phoma (Didymellaceae) from China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 197 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Chen ◽  
KE ZHANG ◽  
GUOZHEN ZHANG ◽  
LEI CAI
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Polyphasic Approach ◽  
Nrdna Its ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Viburnum Odoratissimum ◽  
Β Tubulin

Phoma odoratissimi sp. nov. on Viburnum odoratissimum and Syringa oblate, and Phoma segeticola sp. nov. on Cirsium segetum from China are introduced and described, employing a polyphasic approach characterising morphological characteristics, host association and phylogeny. Both species are the first records of Phoma species on their respective hosts. Multi-locus phylogenetic tree was inferred using combined sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 & 2 and 5.8S nrDNA (ITS), and partial large subunit 28S nrDNA region (LSU), β-tubulin (TUB) region and RNA polymerase II (RPB2) region. The two new species clustered in two separate and distinct lineages, and are distinct from their allied species.

scholarly journals Diversity of Neopestalotiopsis and Pestalotiopsis spp., Causal Agents of Guava Scab in Colombia

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Solarte ◽  
Carlos German Muñoz ◽  
Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura ◽  
Elizabeth Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Multiple Gene ◽  
Guava Leaves ◽  
Β Tubulin

Common guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a fruit tree of global economic importance. It is grown in Asia, South and Central America, and Hawaii for its exquisite aroma and flavor, and nutritional and medical properties. However, guava production is limited by guava scab, caused by fungi in the Pestalotiopsis genus. Characteristic symptoms of guava scab are corky, ovoid or round lesions on fruit surfaces. These lesions may thicken, affecting the flesh below and reducing fruit quality and commercial value. We characterized 81 isolates isolated from guava scab lesions on guava leaves and fruit in different regions of Colombia, and identified them as Pestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis spp. We analyzed the morphology, pathogenicity, and genetic diversity of the isolates based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and elongation factor genes. Isolates were morphologically, pathogenically, and genetically diverse but the diversity did not correlate with geographical origin, or guava cultivar or tissue from which the isolates were recovered. Selected monosporic isolates included in the multiple-gene analysis were identified as belonging to two genera: Neopestalotiopsis (65 isolates with versicolorous conidia) and Pestalotiopsis (4 isolates with concolorous conidia).

scholarly journals Ampelomyces strains isolated from diverse powdery mildew hosts in Japan: Their phylogeny and mycoparasitic activity, including timing and quantifying mycoparasitism of Pseudoidium neolycopersici on tomato

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251444
Author(s):  
Márk Z. Németh ◽  
Yuusaku Mizuno ◽  
Hiroki Kobayashi ◽  
Diána Seress ◽  
Naruki Shishido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungus ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Pseudoidium Neolycopersici ◽  
Tomato Powdery Mildew ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Rdna ◽  
Complete Collapse

A total of 26 Ampelomyces strains were isolated from mycelia of six different powdery mildew species that naturally infected their host plants in Japan. These were characterized based on morphological characteristics and sequences of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (rDNA-ITS) regions and actin gene (ACT) fragments. Collected strains represented six different genotypes and were accommodated in three different clades of the genus Ampelomyces. Morphology of the strains agreed with that of other Ampelomyces strains, but none of the examined characters were associated with any groups identified in the genetic analysis. Five powdery mildew species were inoculated with eight selected Ampelomyces strains to study their mycoparasitic activity. In the inoculation experiments, all Ampelomyces strains successfully infected all tested powdery mildew species, and showed no significant differences in their mycoparasitic activity as determined by the number of Ampelomyces pycnidia developed in powdery mildew colonies. The mycoparasitic interaction between the eight selected Ampelomyces strains and the tomato powdery mildew fungus (Pseudoidium neolycopersici strain KTP-03) was studied experimentally in the laboratory using digital microscopic technologies. It was documented that the spores of the mycoparasites germinated on tomato leaves and their hyphae penetrated the hyphae of Ps. neolycopersici. Ampelomyces hyphae continued their growth internally, which initiated the atrophy of the powdery mildew conidiophores 5 days post inoculation (dpi); caused atrophy 6 dpi; and complete collapse of the parasitized conidiphores 7 dpi. Ampelomyces strains produced new intracellular pycnidia in Ps. neolycopersici conidiophores ca. 8–10 dpi, when Ps. neolycopersici hyphae were successfully destroyed by the mycoparasitic strain. Mature pycnidia released spores ca. 10–14 dpi, which became the sources of subsequent infections of the intact powdery mildew hyphae. Mature pycnidia contained each ca. 200 to 1,500 spores depending on the mycohost species and Ampelomyces strain. This is the first detailed analysis of Ampelomyces strains isolated in Japan, and the first timing and quantification of mycoparasitism of Ps. neolycopersici on tomato by phylogenetically diverse Ampelomyces strains using digital microscopic technologies. The developed model system is useful for future biocontrol and ecological studies on Ampelomyces mycoparasites.

scholarly journals A new species of Acrophialophora from Guizhou Province, China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 302 (3) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
YANWEI ZHANG ◽  
YAO WANG ◽  
GUI-PING ZENG ◽  
WANHAO CHEN ◽  
ZOU XIAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Beijing City ◽  
Living Culture ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Β Tubulin

Acrophialophora liboensis, a new fungus from soil samples in Libo County, Guizhou Province, China, is illustrated and described on the basis of morphological and molecular sequences data. Phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β-tubulin sequences demonstrated that A. liboensis is a distinct species closely related to A. cinerea and A. furcata. Morphologically, A. liboensis is characterized by solitary and lateral phialides tapering into thin necks and long chains of ellipsoidal or oval conidia. The ex-type living culture has been deposited in CGMCC, Beijing City, China.

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