Evolution of Bystander Intention to Perform Resuscitation since last Training: an Online Survey

Abstract BackgroundAccording to the theory of planned behaviour, the probability of executing an action is strongly linked to the intention of performing it. The aim of this study was to measure the variation over time of the three dimensions of the intention to perform resuscitation, i.e. attitude, subjective normative beliefs, and control beliefs.MethodsThe two largest companies delivering first aid courses in the region of Geneva, Switzerland, sent invitation e-mails on our behalf to people who had followed a first aid course in the last five years. Participants were asked to answer a set of 17 psychometric questions designed to assess each dimension of the intention to perform resuscitation. The primary outcome was the change in each dimension at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were the change in each dimension at one and two years and change in each individual question at 6 months, one year and two years.ResultsOut of 270 completed surveys, 204 were analysed. Control beliefs was the only dimension that displayed a significant change at 6 months (p < 0.001). Participants who had followed their last BLS course more than 6 months ago were however more prone to diffusion of responsibility, a key element of subjective normative beliefs (p = 0.001). Fear of legal action was higher in participants who had followed their last BLS course more than 2 years ago (p = 0.040).ConclusionsControl belief, a dimension of the intention to perform resuscitation, rapidly decreases after the last first aid course.

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Evolution of Bystander Intention to Perform Resuscitation Since Last Training: Web-Based Survey

JMIR Formative Research ◽

10.2196/24798 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. e24798

Author(s):

Simon Regard ◽

Django Rosa ◽

Mélanie Suppan ◽

Chiara Giangaspero ◽

Robert Larribau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Transmission ◽

Life Support ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Training Session ◽

First Aid ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Control Beliefs ◽

Normative Beliefs ◽

Neurological Outcomes ◽

The Difference

Background Victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have higher survival rates and more favorable neurological outcomes when basic life support (BLS) maneuvers are initiated quickly after collapse. Although more than half of OHCAs are witnessed, BLS is infrequently provided, thereby worsening the survival and neurological prognoses of OHCA victims. According to the theory of planned behavior, the probability of executing an action is strongly linked to the intention of performing it. This intention is determined by three distinct dimensions: attitude, subjective normative beliefs, and control beliefs. We hypothesized that there could be a decrease in one or more of these dimensions even shortly after the last BLS training session. Objective The aim of this study was to measure the variation of the three dimensions of the intention to perform resuscitation according to the time elapsed since the last first-aid course. Methods Between January and April 2019, the two largest companies delivering first-aid courses in the region of Geneva, Switzerland sent invitation emails on our behalf to people who had followed a first-aid course between January 2014 and December 2018. Participants were asked to answer a set of 17 psychometric questions based on a 4-point Likert scale (“I don’t agree,” “I partially agree,” “I agree,” and “I totally agree”) designed to assess the three dimensions of the intention to perform resuscitation. The primary outcome was the difference in each of these dimensions between participants who had followed a first-aid course less than 6 months before taking the questionnaire and those who took the questionnaire more than 6 months and up to 5 years after following such a course. Secondary outcomes were the change in each dimension using cutoffs at 1 year and 2 years, and the change regarding each individual question using cutoffs at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Univariate and multivariable linear regression were used for analyses. Results A total of 204 surveys (76%) were analyzed. After adjustment, control beliefs was the only dimension that was significantly lower in participants who took the questionnaire more than 6 months after their last BLS course (P<.001). Resisting diffusion of responsibility, a key element of subjective normative beliefs, was also less likely in this group (P=.001). By contrast, members of this group were less afraid of disease transmission (P=.03). However, fear of legal action was higher in this group (P=.02). Conclusions Control beliefs already show a significant decrease 6 months after the last first-aid course. Short interventions should be designed to restore this dimension to its immediate postcourse state. This could enhance the provision of BLS maneuvers in cases of OHCA.

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Evolution of Bystander Intention to Perform Resuscitation Since Last Training: Web-Based Survey (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.24798 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Simon Regard ◽

Django Rosa ◽

Mélanie Suppan ◽

Chiara Giangaspero ◽

Robert Larribau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Transmission ◽

Life Support ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Training Session ◽

First Aid ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Control Beliefs ◽

Normative Beliefs ◽

Neurological Outcomes ◽

The Difference

BACKGROUND Victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have higher survival rates and more favorable neurological outcomes when basic life support (BLS) maneuvers are initiated quickly after collapse. Although more than half of OHCAs are witnessed, BLS is infrequently provided, thereby worsening the survival and neurological prognoses of OHCA victims. According to the theory of planned behavior, the probability of executing an action is strongly linked to the intention of performing it. This intention is determined by three distinct dimensions: attitude, subjective normative beliefs, and control beliefs. We hypothesized that there could be a decrease in one or more of these dimensions even shortly after the last BLS training session. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to measure the variation of the three dimensions of the intention to perform resuscitation according to the time elapsed since the last first-aid course. METHODS Between January and April 2019, the two largest companies delivering first-aid courses in the region of Geneva, Switzerland sent invitation emails on our behalf to people who had followed a first-aid course between January 2014 and December 2018. Participants were asked to answer a set of 17 psychometric questions based on a 4-point Likert scale (“I don’t agree,” “I partially agree,” “I agree,” and “I totally agree”) designed to assess the three dimensions of the intention to perform resuscitation. The primary outcome was the difference in each of these dimensions between participants who had followed a first-aid course less than 6 months before taking the questionnaire and those who took the questionnaire more than 6 months and up to 5 years after following such a course. Secondary outcomes were the change in each dimension using cutoffs at 1 year and 2 years, and the change regarding each individual question using cutoffs at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Univariate and multivariable linear regression were used for analyses. RESULTS A total of 204 surveys (76%) were analyzed. After adjustment, control beliefs was the only dimension that was significantly lower in participants who took the questionnaire more than 6 months after their last BLS course (P<.001). Resisting diffusion of responsibility, a key element of subjective normative beliefs, was also less likely in this group (P=.001). By contrast, members of this group were less afraid of disease transmission (P=.03). However, fear of legal action was higher in this group (P=.02). CONCLUSIONS Control beliefs already show a significant decrease 6 months after the last first-aid course. Short interventions should be designed to restore this dimension to its immediate postcourse state. This could enhance the provision of BLS maneuvers in cases of OHCA.

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Eliciting salient beliefs of engineers in Malaysia on migrating abroad

MIGRATION LETTERS ◽

10.33182/ml.v14i2.328 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 221-236

Author(s):

Balu Ramoo ◽

Chong Yee Lee ◽

Cheng Ming Yu

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Analysis ◽

Brain Drain ◽

Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽

Control Beliefs ◽

Behavioural Intervention ◽

Planned Behaviour ◽

Salient Beliefs ◽

Tpb Model ◽

And Control

Despite various government efforts incorporating economic, social and political considerations in curbing emigration problem, brain drain remains an issue in Malaysia. This paper examines the determinants of migration from behavioural perspectives. Using Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) model, the engineers’ salient beliefs on migrating abroad were elicited using qualitative analysis. A number of new behavioural, normative and control beliefs were identified. The elicitation of the engineers’ salient beliefs is essential in developing appropriate behavioural intervention programmes to reduce their intention to migrate abroad. The methodology developed in this study can also assist future researchers to identify the salient beliefs of people who have high intention to migrate abroad.

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Why do people end up buying fake medicines online? A thematic analysis of newspaper articles

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice ◽

10.1093/ijpp/riab016.000 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. i1-i1

Author(s):

P Donyai ◽

N Patel ◽

H Almomani

Keyword(s):

Thematic Analysis ◽

Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Control Beliefs ◽

The Internet ◽

Normative Beliefs ◽

Planned Behaviour ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Indirect Measures ◽

Newspaper Articles

Abstract Introduction The internet provides a platform for both legal and illegal online suppliers of medicines, which are sometimes difficult to distinguish between. Therefore, consumers accessing the internet are at risk of purchasing fake medicines from illegal suppliers. This is particularly problematic when people buy Prescription-Only Medicines (POMs) from the internet, despite an abundance of governmental campaigns 1. This under-researched issue has nonetheless been highlighted in news articles in the past few years which are a potential source of information, albeit informally, about how and why people end up buying fake medicines via the internet. This study is phase-1 of a larger study that aims to develop a questionnaire using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)2 to examine risky online purchasing of medicines to help focus future campaigns. Aim The aim is to identify the factors that lead people to inadvertently buy fake POMs online by examining newspaper articles covering this topic and categorising the findings according to the TPB’s indirect measures; namely, behavioural beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs. Methods Newspaper articles were collected from the electronic database “ProQuest” using a series of search words for retrieving newspaper articles covering the purchasing of fake medicines online throughout the world. The search was limited to articles published from April-2019 to March-2020 to retrieve relevant articles in this fast-developing field. Articles that did not focus on POMs or only covered the supply side (e.g. efforts to combat illegal suppliers) were excluded. After evaluating each article using the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 52 articles remained. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the newspaper articles against the TPB. The NVivo software program (version 12) was used to aid the generation of the themes. Results Using thematic analysis, 12 themes were generated and categorised according to the TPB’s indirect measures as follows. The behavioural beliefs (i.e. advantages and disadvantages of buying medicines online) included a perception of convenience, low price, privacy of the purchase, potential harmful effect, low quality, and lack of medical oversight. The normative beliefs (i.e. social factors influencing decisions to buy medicines online) included endorsement by influencers, deceptive marketing by suppliers, as well as organizations fighting the fake supply chain. The control beliefs (i.e. what encourages or stops purchasing medicines online) included encountering medicines shortages, outbreak of pandemic diseases, and accessibility issues. Conclusion This newspaper-analysis study created an initial map of ideas for why consumers might inadvertently buy fake POMs online highlighting the complexity of personal beliefs as well as a range of external circumstances. Further exploring these factors provides the basis for future campaigns for changing/controlling the purchasing of fake medicines online. Although the newspaper articles offer a wide range of data and provide different points of view, the validity of their content cannot be proven and are taken at face value. Therefore, the next step for this study is to complete semi-structured interviews with consumers purchasing medicines online (Phase-2) to verify the themes generated in Phase-1 before developing a larger questionnaire study (Phase-3). References 1. HM Government. Protect your health when buying medicines online. Accessed 08 October 2020 from: https://fakemeds.campaign.gov.uk/ 2. Ajzen, I. The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational behaviour and human decision processes. 1991; 50 (2),179–211.

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Role of attitude in nurses’ responses to requests for assisted dying

Nursing Ethics ◽

10.1177/0969733020966777 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 096973302096677

Author(s):

Michael Wilson ◽

Marie Wilson ◽

Suzanne Edwards ◽

Lynette Cusack ◽

Richard Wiechula

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Rare Event ◽

Control Beliefs ◽

Assisted Dying ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Assisted Death ◽

Institutional Ethics ◽

The Face ◽

Generalised Linear Modelling ◽

And Control

Background: Legal assisted dying is a rare event, but as legalisation expands, requests for it will likely increase, and the nurse most often receives the informal, initial request. Objectives: To assess the effects of attitude in interaction with normative and control beliefs on an intention to respond to a request for legal assisted dying. Ethical considerations: The study had the lead author’s institutional ethics approval, and participants were informed that participation was both anonymous and voluntary. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional correlational study of 377 Australian registered nurses who completed an online survey. Generalised linear modelling assessed the effects of independent variables against intended responses to requests for legal assisted dying. Results: Compared to nurses who did not support legal assisted dying, nurses who did had stronger beliefs in patient rights, perceived social expectations to refer the request and stronger control in that intention. Nurses who did not support legal assisted dying had stronger beliefs in ethics of duty to the patient and often held dual intentions to discuss the request with the patient but also held an intention to deflect the request to consideration of alternatives. Discussion: This study advances the international literature by developing quantified models explaining the complexity of nurses’ experiences with requests for an assisted death. Attitude was operationalised in interaction with other beliefs and was identified as the strongest influence on intentions, but significantly moderated by ethical norms. Conclusion: The complex of determinants of those intentions to respond to requests for an assisted death suggests they are not isolated from each other. Nurses might have distinct intentions, but they can also hold multiple intentions even when they prioritise one. These findings present opportunities to prepare nurses in a way that enhances moral resilience in the face of complex moral encounters.

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Eliciting critical care nurses’ beliefs regarding physical restraint use

Nursing Ethics ◽

10.1177/0969733017752547 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 1458-1472 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Gemma Via-Clavero ◽

Marta Sanjuán-Naváis ◽

Marta Romero-García ◽

Laura de la Cueva-Ariza ◽

Gemma Martínez-Estalella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Critical Care ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽

Physical Restraint ◽

Critical Care Nurses ◽

Control Beliefs ◽

Physical Restraints ◽

Planned Behaviour ◽

Restraint Use ◽

And Control

Background: Despite the reported harms and ethical concerns about physical restraint use in the critical care settings, nurses’ intention to apply them is unequal across countries. According to the theory of planned behaviour, eliciting nurses’ beliefs regarding the use of physical restraints would provide additional social information about nurses’ intention to perform this practice. Aim: To explore the salient behavioural, normative and control beliefs underlying the intention of critical care nurses to use physical restraints from the theory of planned behaviour. Research design: A belief elicitation study was conducted. Participants and research context: Twenty-six critical care nurses were purposively sampled across gender, work-shift patterns and professional experience in five intensive care units of three hospitals in Spain. Data were obtained from a nine-item open-ended questionnaire and a focus group. Deductive content analysis was performed. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval was obtained from the hospital ethics committee. Participants were assured their participation was voluntary. Findings: Nurses framed the use of restraints as a way of prioritising patients’ physical safety. They referred to contextual factors as the main reasons to justify their application. Nurses perceived that their decision is approved by other colleagues and the patients’ relatives. Some nurses started advocating against their use, but felt powerless to change this unsafe practice within an unfavourable climate. Control beliefs were linked to patients’ medical condition, availability of alternative solutions, analgo-sedation policies and work organisation. Discussion: Safety arguments based on the surrounding work environment were discussed. Conclusion: Nurses’ behavioural and control beliefs were related. Nurses should be trained in alternatives to physical restraint use. The impact of analgo-sedation protocols, relatives’ involvement, leadership support and intensive care unit restraint policies on physical restraint practices need to be revised. Further research is required to explore why nurses do not act with moral courage to change this harmful practice.

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Abstract TMP5: Secondary Analysis of Eptifibatide Plus Full Dose rt-PA in Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.47.suppl_1.tmp5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Opeolu Adeoye ◽

Heidi Sucharew ◽

Jane Khoury ◽

Pamela Schmit ◽

Joseph Broderick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Propensity Score ◽

Logistic Model ◽

Primary Outcome ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Full Dose ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Secondary Outcomes ◽

And Control ◽

Consistent Direction

Background: The Phase 2 Combined approach to Lysis utilizing Eptifibatide And Rt-PA in Acute Ischemic Stroke - Full Dose Regimen (CLEAR-FDR) trial was a single arm trial that demonstrated the safety of full dose (0.9mg/kg) rt-PA plus eptifibatide in AIS patients treated with rt-PA within three hours of symptom onset. Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) III randomized AIS patients to rt-PA plus endovascular therapy versus standard r-tPA. Albumin in Acute Stroke (ALIAS) Part 2 randomized patients to albumin±rt-PA versus saline±rt-PA. We compared outcomes in CLEAR-FDR patients to propensity score-matched rt-PA only subjects in ALIAS Part 2 and IMS. Methods: All datasets were restricted to subjects with baseline modified Rankin score (mRS) of 0 or 1. Controls were selected using propensity score matching of CLEAR-FDR subjects and rt-PA only subjects from both IMS III and ALIAS. Age, gender, race, baseline mRS, baseline NIHSS score, and time from stroke onset to rt-PA were included in the logistic model used to generate a propensity score for each subject. The greedy matching algorithm was then used to match 1:3. The primary outcome was 90-day severity-adjusted mRS dichotomization based on baseline NIHSS. Secondary outcomes were 90-day mRS dichotomized as excellent (mRS 0-1); favorable (mRS 0-2); and, nonparametric analysis of the ordinal mRS. Results: Eighteen CLEAR-FDR subjects were matched with 52 controls. Median age in CLEAR-FDR and control subjects was 67 and 68 years respectively. Median NIHSS in both CLEAR-FDR and control subjects was 11. At 90 days, CLEAR-FDR subjects had a nonsignificant greater proportion of patients with a favorable primary outcome (61% versus 38%; unadjusted RR 1.59; 95%CI 0.96-2.63; P=0.10). Secondary outcomes also favored CLEAR-FDR subjects: excellent outcomes - 67% versus 38% (RR 1.73; 95%CI 1.08-2.79; P=0.04); favorable outcomes - 67% versus 58% (RR 1.16; 95%CI 0.77-1.73; P=0.50); and ordinal Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel, P=0.13. Conclusion: The outcomes for combination of full dose rt-PA plus eptifibatide showed a consistent direction of effect in favor of the combination over rt-PA alone. A trial to establish the efficacy of rt-PA plus eptifibatide for improving AIS outcomes is warranted and in the planning stages.

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Do beliefs differ between frequent and infrequent hand-held and hands-free phone users while driving? A Polish study

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1007/s10389-019-01087-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 665-673

Author(s):

Aneta M. Przepiorka ◽

Agata P. Blachnio ◽

Francesc Prat ◽

Mark J. M. Sullman

Keyword(s):

Mobile Phone ◽

Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Behavioural Change ◽

Control Beliefs ◽

Mobile Phone Use ◽

Composite Measures ◽

Polish Study ◽

Phone User ◽

And Control

Abstract Aim Although it is currently legal in Poland to use a hands-free mobile phone while driving, research suggests that it is not significantly safer than using a hand-held mobile phone. The present study used the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to examine the relationships that three types of beliefs (behavioural, normative and control beliefs) have with the frequency of drivers’ hands-free and hand-held mobile phone use. Subjects and methods The sample comprised 298 Polish drivers (35% females) aged between 18 and 40 years old (mean age: 21.05 years, standard deviation = 2.38). Results Two multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) were conducted to investigate the differences between the two groups (hand-held and hands-free) of frequent and infrequent mobile phone users, with regard to their behavioural, normative and control beliefs. Significant differences were found in all of the control beliefs for both hand-held and hands-free mobile phone users. Similar normative differences were identified for both hands-free and hand-held mobile phone use, but while three behavioural beliefs differed significantly for hands-free use, no behavioural beliefs were significant for hand-held mobile phone use. Finally, composite measures of the behavioural and control beliefs were predictive of being a frequent hand-held mobile phone user, but none of the three beliefs were predictive of being a frequent hands-free user. Conclusions These results demonstrate potential directions for behavioural change aimed at reducing or preventing the use of mobile phones while driving.

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An investigation of the effect of customer beliefs on the intention to participate in family Takaful schemes

Journal of Islamic Marketing ◽

10.1108/jima-04-2018-0066 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 709-727

Author(s):

Tariq Bhatti ◽

Maizaitulaidawati Md Husin

Keyword(s):

United Arab Emirates ◽

Online Survey ◽

Subjective Norms ◽

Control Beliefs ◽

Content Type ◽

Indirect Measures ◽

Intention To Participate ◽

Area Of Concern ◽

And Control ◽

Direct Measures

Purpose The purpose of this study is to apply the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in predicting the intention to participate in family takaful schemes (FTSs) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). One area of concern for takaful operators is their untapped market and lower market share compared to those of their conventional insurance counterparts. It is possible that the investigation of direct and indirect (belief based) measures of TPB could shed some light on these concerns and possibly offer some assistance to takaful operators. Design/methodology/approach Interrelationships among attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral controls (PBCs) and intention to participate in FTSs were examined. The relationships between behavioral beliefs on attitudes, normative beliefs on subjective norm and control beliefs on PBC were also assessed to fully identify the structures underlying factors measuring intentions. The respondents consisted of 175 Muslims in the UAE. Data were collected using an online survey and analyzed using SPSS. Findings This study found that attitudes, subjective norms and PBCs contribute to the prediction of the intention to participate in FTSs. This study used standard multiple regressions to identify an extensive set of specific belief composites this can be used in the prediction of direct measures of TPB and the intention to participate in FTS. Practical implications The findings of this study provide useful information to takaful marketers on how to develop marketing strategies to increase FTS participation. This study suggests that informative and persuasive promotions can be used to improve the penetration rate of FTSs in the UAE. Originality/value This study provides insights into previously unaddressed FTS participation in the UAE. Prior work on determining FTS participation has not been applied to both direct and indirect measures of TPB to understand the phenomenon.

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Effect of 5-Minute Movies Shown via a Mobile Phone App on Risk Factors and Mortality After Stroke in a Low- to Middle-Income Country: Randomized Controlled Trial for the Stroke Caregiver Dyad Education Intervention (Movies4Stroke) (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.12113 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ayeesha Kamal ◽

Adeel Khoja ◽

Bushra Usmani ◽

Shahvaiz Magsi ◽

Aresha Malani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Outcome ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Stroke Survivor ◽

Control Group ◽

Stroke Survivors ◽

Education Intervention ◽

Control Groups ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Secondary Outcomes ◽

And Control

BACKGROUND Pakistan is the sixth most populous nation in the world and has an estimated 4 million stroke survivors. Most survivors are taken care of by community-based caregivers, and there are no inpatient rehabilitation facilities. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of locally designed 5-min movies rolled out in order of relevance that are thematically delivered in a 3-month program to deliver poststroke education to stroke survivor and caregiver dyads returning to the community. METHODS This study was a randomized controlled, outcome assessor–blinded, parallel group, single-center superiority trial in which participants (stroke survivor-caregiver dyads) with first-ever stroke (both ischemic and hemorrhagic) incidence were randomized within 48 hours of their stroke into either the video-based education intervention group or the control group. The video-based education intervention group had health education delivered through short videos that were shown to the participants and their caregivers at the time of admission, before discharge, and the first and third months of follow-up after discharge. The control group had standardized care including predischarge education and counseling according to defined protocols. All participants enrolled in the video education intervention and control groups were followed for 12 months after discharge for outcome assessment in the outpatient stroke clinics. The primary outcome measures were the proportion of participants achieving control of blood pressure, blood sugar, and blood cholesterol in the video intervention versus the control group. Several predefined secondary outcomes were included in this study, of which we report the mortality and functional disability in this paper. Analysis was by performed using the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS A total of 310 stroke survivors and their caregiver dyads (participant dyads) were recruited over a duration of 6 months. In total, 155 participant dyads were randomized into the intervention and control groups, each. The primary outcome of control of three major risk factors revealed that at 12 months, there was a greater percentage of participants with a systolic BP<125 mm Hg (18/54, 33% vs 11/52, 21%; P=.16), diastolic BP<85 mm Hg (44/54, 81% vs 37/52, 71%; P=.21), HbA1c level<7% (36/55, 65% vs 30/40, 75%; P=.32), and low-density lipoprotein level<100 mg/dL (36/51, 70% vs 30/45, 67%; P=.68) in the intervention group than in the control group. The secondary outcome reported is the mortality among the stroke survivors because the number of stroke-related complications was higher in the control group than in the intervention group (13/155, 8.4% vs 2/155, 1.3%), and this difference was statistically significant (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The Movies4Stroke trial failed to achieve its primary specified outcome. However, secondary outcomes that directly related to survival skills of stroke survivors demonstrated the effectiveness of the video-based intervention on improving stroke-related mortality and survival without disability. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02202330; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02202330

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