scholarly journals Seasonal Source Identification And Source-Specific Health Risk Assessment of Pollutants On Road Dust In Tianjin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingshu Wang ◽  
Jinhui Jeanne Huang ◽  
Catherine Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Specific Health

Abstract Human exposure to metals on road dust might have potential health risks through touching, ingesting, and inhaling. There were limited studies to link seasonal emission sources to health risks from metals on road dust. In this study, metals on road dust from different functional areas were seasonally monitored. The pollutant sources in study city varied slightly with the seasons, but the major pollutant source in the particular study site were significantly affected by the seasons. By combining the source apportionment model (PMF), line sources model and health risk models (HI: Hazard index and ILCR: Incremental Lifetime Carcinogenic risk), industrial and construction activity was identified as the crucial source of both the pollutants on road dust (29% - 47%), and the HI for adults (27% - 45%) and children (41% - 50%) in different seasons. The traffic non-exhaust emission dominated in the carcinogenic risks for children in spring (45%) and summer (36%). Factors such as seasons, particle size, metal bioavailability, human exposure time, and exposure area were all taken into consideration to avoid overestimating or underestimating health risks. The carcinogenic risks for children (1.6 E-06) and adults (2.8 E-06) exposed to Cr both exceed the minimum threshold (10-6). Measured metals mainly posed hazard to human health through ingestion route. Pb and Mn, Fe and Mn were the main harmful elements that induced non-carcinogenic risks for adults and children, respectively. Effectively identifying the source-specific health risks in different seasons will help in the formulation of adaptive strategies to diminish the potential risks.

scholarly journals The Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Health Risks of Metal(oid)s Bioaccumulation in Leafy Vegetables: A Consumption Advisory

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alsafran ◽  
Kamal Usman ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Talaat Ahmed ◽  
Hareb Al Jabri
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
World Health ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
The Mean

High levels of metal(oid)s in soil or food pose a severe health risk to humans. The potential toxicants find their way into the living systems via the food chain, following bioaccumulation in edible plants, including leafy vegetables grown in or irrigated with contaminated soil or water, respectively. The current study determines the levels of vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in leafy vegetables (rocca, coriander, and parsley) grown in different open irrigated farms in Qatar and investigates their potential human health risks (carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic). The mean concentrations of V, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in rocca are 17.09, 6.41, 1.70, 13.04, 14.72, 0.90, and 6.36 mg/kg, respectively; in coriander are 15.91, 6.03, 1.38, 15.30, 16.86, 0.43, and 5.00 mg/kg, respectively; and in parsley are 16.25, 6.26, 2.19, 17.97, 16.60, 0.51, and 5.46 mg/kg, respectively. The mean levels of V, Cr, As, Cd, and Pb were observed to be higher than the recommended World Health Organization (WHO)/Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) values. The target hazard quotient (THQ) values of Cu and As were found to be greater than 1 for the adult population. For the two elements (i.e., Cu and As), the THQ varied from 1.03 to 1.42 and 1.17 to 1.44 in men. In women, the values ranged from 1.20 to 1.65 and 1.35 to 1.55, for Cu and As, respectively. The hazard index (HI) of rocca, coriander, and parsley was 3.99, 4.10, and 4.43, respectively, in men, 4.64, 4.76, and 5.14, respectively, among women. The carcinogenic risk (CR) of Cr, Ni, and As ranged from 7.16 × 10−4 to 7.61 × 10−4, 5.57 × 10−4 to 8.85 × 10−4, and 5.24 × 10−3 to 6.01 × 10−3, respectively, in men. In women, it ranged from 8.31 × 10−4 to 8.83 × 10−4, 6.47 × 10−4 to 1.03 × 10−3, and 6.09 × 10−3 to 6.97 × 10−3, respectively, in all vegetables. In crux, the consumption of rocca, coriander, and parsley grown in selected farms in Qatar poses a major health risk (both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic) to the consumer. As a result, we recommend that vegetables grown in the studied areas be closely monitored to protect consumer health.

scholarly journals Evaluating Heavy Metals Contamination in Campus Dust in Wuhan, the University Cluster in Central China: Distribution and Potential Human Health Risk Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Liu ◽  
Xihao Zhang ◽  
Changlin Zhan ◽  
Jiaquan Zhang ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Central China ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The University

Abstract The potential health risk of heavy metals (HMs) in campus dust may threaten the health of thousands of students, teachers, and their families in Wuhan, the university cluster in Central China every day. In this research, the pollution characteristics and health risk with HMs was the first time presented in campus dust from the canteen, playground, dormitory, and school gate to date. The average HMs concentration in campus dusts ranked Pb (83.5 mg kg-1) > Cu (70.2 mg kg-1) > Zn (47.2 mg kg-1) > Cr (46.0 mg kg-1) > Ni (22.7 mg kg-1) > As (15.2 mg kg-1) > Cd (3.38 mg kg-1). The HMs would more likely to accumulate in dormitory dust and canteen dust. In the downtown area, Zn, As, and Cd had been preliminarily identified from fossil fuel combustion and natural geochemical processes. Cu and Pb would source from cooking and traffic transportation. Ni and Cr would likely reflect the contributions of natural soil weathering. Although, no significant non-carcinogenic health risks were found to students or teachers from campus dust. Their children would more likely to exposure health risks when eating in the canteen, playing on the playground, or walking around the school gate. While the incremental lifetime cancer risk values revealed respiratory intake of HMs does not pose a carcinogenic risk on the campus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Health Risks due to Heavy Metals in a Rural Population Exposed to Atoyac River Pollution in Puebla, Mexico

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Pérez Castresana ◽  
Elsa Castañeda Roldán ◽  
Wendy A. García Suastegui ◽  
José L. Morán Perales ◽  
Abel Cruz Montalvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Potential Health

The health risks of Emilio Portes Gil’s population, for the exposition to the Atoyac River pollution in the State of Puebla, was evaluated. The objective was to determine the concentration of nine heavy metals by ingesting water from wells and spri ngs. The chronic daily water intake (CDI), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risk index (CRI) in adults, teenagers, and children were estimated. The results showed that the concentration of Fe, Al, Ni, and Pb in some of the samples exceeded the recommended standards for human consumption and was significantly higher in the dry season. The hazard index (HI), due to the collective intake of metals, was higher in children (> 50% compared to adults), due to the consumption of spring water in the dry season. Risk of noncancerous diseases was not detected in the long term, since the indices did not exceed the unit (reference value). The carcinogenic risk from oral exposure to Cr (CRIchildren = 3.2 × 10−4), was greater than the acceptable limit (1 × 10−6) in the water spring, and Cr and Pb were the main metals that contributed to the potential health risk of the inhabitants. The study showed the risks by the intake of polluted water from the sources of supply in the region, and that the risk is higher in the dry season (> 100% compared with rainy season).

scholarly journals Heavy Metal(loid)s Contamination in Ground Dust and Associated Health Risks at a Former Indigenous Zinc Smelting Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 893
Author(s):  
Shan Li ◽  
Xiangyang Bi ◽  
Zhonggen Li ◽  
Heng Wang ◽  
Xinyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Zinc Smelting

Indigenous zinc smelting (IZS) is a backward technique that releases a great deal of heavy metal(loid)s into the environment. However, the contamination of heavy metal(loid)s in ground dust and the associated health risks in such areas are poorly known. In this study, a former IZS area in Guizhou, China, was surveyed during 2008–2018 with 15 elements (Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, In, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Tl, Zn) being analyzed. The results indicate that most elements (e.g., Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, Sn, Zn) in ground dust decreased significantly after the cessation of the IZS in 2006; nevertheless, some elements still remained at relatively high levels in 2018, e.g., Pb (average: 762 ± 647 mg/kg), Zn (average: 1287 ± 753 mg/kg), Cd (average: 7.76 ± 5.06 mg/kg), and As (average: 41.9 ± 34.8 mg/kg), indicating they might come from the local contaminated soils, slag residues and smelting potteries. In terms of the impacts on human health, children have both higher non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks than that of adults, with the latter subpopulation having a lower risk than the threshold values. Pb and As were the two elements with the highest non-carcinogenic risk for children, the hazard index of local children was still higher than the threshold of 1 (e.g., 1.43 for As, 2.09 for Pb) in 2018. The carcinogenic risk of As exposure to children dropped more than two times to 6.42 × 10−7 in 2018, which falls below the tolerable range (10−6–10−4). This study revealed that although the concentration of heavy metal(loid)s in ground dust and linked health risk in the IZS area has reduced dramatically after the cessation of IZS, continued removal of slag residues and smelting potteries is necessary for further decreasing the human health risk.

Source Apportionment and Source-specific Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Urban Road Dust of Jinan City, East China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengwei Zhang ◽  
Ge Ma ◽  
Shuzhen Dong ◽  
Xiangzhou Meng ◽  
Lijun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Traffic Emissions ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Jinan City ◽  
Specific Health

Abstract For a better regional and source-risk-based control of heavy metals in urban environments, this study provides a source-specific health risk assessment by combining the models of United States Environmental Protection Agency health risk assessment and positive matrix factorization (PMF). The calculated data were optimized by the geochemical speciation of target 10 potentially toxic heavy metals. The results demonstrated that the mean concentrations of most heavy metals in urban dust of Jinan City exceeded their corresponding background values, especially that of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) exhibiting a mean of 12.9 and 7.84 times those of their backgrounds. Cd, Zn, copper, lead and manganese in road dust existed mainly in extractable forms, exhibiting higher bio-availability. The PMF receptor model determined four sources of heavy metals in urban road dust, namely industrial discharges (41.1%), natural and coal combustion sources (27.8%), traffic emissions (22.8%), and building material and manufacturing sources (8.3%). All the studied heavy metals presented low or negligible non-carcinogenic risk (non-CR) for adults and children, while the lifetime carcinogenic risk (CR) of Cd was in an acceptable level. Regarding source-specific health risks, the highest non-CR was derived from industrial discharges, while CR from traffic emissions, which were mainly associated with the higher content and bio-availability of Pb and Cd in the dust. Moreover, the risk contributions of industrial discharges and traffic emissions were 35.9% and 60.6% for non-CR and CR, respectively, presenting a significant difference with the apportioned source characteristics, thus deep-revealing the potentially source-based risks of heavy metal in urban environment.

Heavy metal residue in some vegetables and potential health risk assessment among consumers within Katsina North Western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
L.U Usman ◽  
R. Yerima
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
Vegetable Samples

Ingestion of vegetables containing heavy metal is one of the main ways in which these elements enter the human body. Once entered, heavy metals are deposited in bone and fat tissues, overlapping noble minerals. Slowly released into the body, heavy metals can cause an array of diseases. This study aimed to assess the heavy metals residues in some vegetables and potential health risk among consumers within Katsina Metropolis. Six different vegetable samples comprising of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), cabbage (Brassica oleracea), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), red pepper (Piper nigrum) and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentus) were randomly collected from two main irrigation farmland located in Katsina Metropolis (Kofar sauri and Kofar marusa). Their level of toxic metals namely (Copper, Zinc, Cadmium, Chromium and Lead) were assessed using standard materials and methods. Results obtained were used to estimate the health risk of these heavy metals via consumption of the vegetable samples. The results from the study showed that the mean heavy metal concentration ranged between 1.10±0.00 mg/kg to 4.45±0.16 mg/kg, 1.78±0.07 mg/kg to 4.9±0.11 mg/kg, 0.02±0.00 mg/kg to 1.28±0.02 mg/kg, 1.51±0.02 mg/kg to 4.34±0.02 mg/kg and 1.05±0.01 mg/kg to 2.86±0.02 mg/kg for Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Pb respectively. The concentration of Cu and Zn were found to be below permissible limit while Cd, Cr and Pb concentration exceeded the permissible limit recommended by WHO/FAO. Health risks associated with the intake of these metals were evaluated in terms of estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). EDI value of Cu and Zn were found to be below the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI). The HQ of all the metals were >1, suggesting health hazards risk for the population. Moreover, HQ of Cd and Pb were greatly higher through consumption of cucumber, cabbage, lettuce and red pepper indicating significant health risks. HI was found to be higher >1 (3.32 mg/kg and 3.91 mg/kg) in adult and children respectively for consumption of spinach; however, it was much higher >1 (10.49 mg/kg and 12.4 mg/kg) in adult and children respectively for consumption of cabbage, suggesting more adverse health effects from cabbage consumption than spinach. The findings of this study shows the health risks associated with the consumption of heavy metals through the intake of some the selected vegetables within Katsina Metropolis, therefore, there is need for biomonitoring of these heavy metals in the vegetable because these are some of the main sources of food for humans in many parts of the world. Keywords: Heavy metal, Estimated Daily Intake, Hazard Quotient, Hazard Index, Consumption

scholarly journals Heavy metal levels, potential health risk, and uncertainty analysis in a plant–soil–irrigation system of the Yellow River irrigation area of northern Ningxia (China)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Liu ◽  
Yahong Zhang ◽  
Ningchuan Feng ◽  
Meilin Zhu ◽  
Juncang Tian
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Soil Irrigation

Abstract Background Industrial development results in elevated levels of heavy metals in the local environment, including the air, soil, and water. These heavy metals can contaminate crops in the surrounding area, which may pose severe health risks to local inhabitants. The aims of this study were to determine the levels of heavy metals in plant–soil–irrigation system and the associated human health risk with deterministic and probabilistic approaches. Methods In this study, samples of soil, irrigation water, and maize crops were collected from the Yellow River irrigation area in northern Ningxia, China. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES)was applied to determine the heavy metal contents in maize grains, soil samples, and irrigation water. Potential health risks were assessed by deterministic and probabilistic estimation. Results The average concentrations of chromium and lead in maize exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations in food. The average concentrations of metals in the associated soil and irrigation water were both below the safe limits allowed in China. Deterministic estimation indicated a hazard index of 0.0986 for all inhabitants, implying no significant non-carcinogenic risk. The lifetime cancer risk value was 3.261×10−5, lower than the maximum acceptable level of 1×10−4 suggested by USEPA, while above the negligible level of 1×10−6 (USEPA) and 1×10−5 (WHO), with females facing a greater health risk than males. Probabilistic estimation indicated that approximately 0.62% of inhabitants are exposed to non-carcinogenic risk due to maize ingestion, while carcinogenic risk exceeds the maximum acceptable level (1×10−4) for 8.23% and negligible level (1×10−5) for 64.26% of inhabitants. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the concentration of arsenic in maize, the daily intake of maize, and exposure frequency of maize are the primary contributing factors in both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. Therefore, the content of arsenic in maize is of concern in the study region. Conclusions Based on deterministic and probabilistic risk estimation, there are no obvious non-carcinogenic health risks to inhabitants, while carcinogenic risk from As exposure is higher than the acceptable risk level. Females are at greater risk than males, and inhabitants under 20 years of age have the highest risk among age groups.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic nitrate in groundwater and its health risks in the view of background concentration in a semi arid area of Rajasthan, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdur Rahman ◽  
N. C. Mondal ◽  
K. K. Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Arid Area ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractAn increased nitrate (NO3−) concentration in groundwater has been a rising issue on a global scale in recent years. Different consumption mechanisms clearly illustrate the adverse effects on human health. The goal of this present study is to assess the natural and anthropogenic NO3− concentrations in groundwater in a semi arid area of Rajasthan and its related risks to human health in the different groups of ages such as children, males, and females. We have found that most of the samples (n = 90) were influenced by anthropogenic activities. The background level of NO3− had been estimated as 7.2 mg/L using a probabilistic approach. About 93% of nitrate samples exceeded the background limit, while 28% of the samples were beyond the permissible limit of 45 mg/L as per the BIS limits. The results show that the oral exposure of nitrate was very high as compare to dermal contact. With regard to the non-carcinogenic health risk, the total Hazard Index (HITotal) values of groundwater nitrate were an average of 0.895 for males, 1.058 for females, and 1.214 for children. The nitrate health risk assessment shows that about 38%, 46%, and 49% of the samples constitute the non-carcinogenic health risk to males, females, and children, respectively. Children were found to be more prone to health risks due to the potential exposure to groundwater nitrate.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Distribution and Safety Threshold of Cadmium in Soil of Coal Chemical Industry Area

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Kai Zhang ◽  
XiaoNan Li ◽  
ZhenYu Song ◽  
JiaYu Yan ◽  
MengYue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Kriging Interpolation Method ◽  
Industry Area

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly carcinogenic metal that plays an important role in the risk management of soil pollution. In this study, 153 soil samples were collected from a coal chemical plant in northwest China, and the human health risks associated with Cd were assessed through multiple exposure pathways. Meanwhile, by the Kriging interpolation method, the spatial distribution and health risks of Cd were explored. The results showed that the average concentration of Cd in the soil was 0.540 mg/kg, which was 4.821 and 5.567 times that of the soil background value in Ningxia and China, respectively. In comparison, the concentration of Cd in the soil was below the national soil environmental quality three-level standard (1.0 mg/kg). In addition, health risk assessment results showed that the total carcinogenic risk of Cd was 1.269 × 10−6–2.189 × 10−6, both above the acceptable criteria (1 × 10−6), while the hazard quotient was within the acceptable level. Oral intake and ingestion of soil particles were the main routes of exposure, and the carcinogenic risk control value of oral intake was the lowest (0.392 mg/kg), which could be selected as the strict reference of the safety threshold for Cd in the coal chemical soil. From Kriging, a prediction map can be centrally predicted on heavy metal pollution in the area surrounding the coal entrance corridor and pedestrian entrance. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the determination of the heavy metal safety threshold of the coal chemical industry in China.

scholarly journals Heavy metal concentrations in the edible portions of Centella asiatica: Health risk toward chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Dimuthu Nilmini Wijeyaratne ◽  
Ellewaththe Arachchilage Charuni Se Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Uncertain Etiology

AbstractCentella asiatica is a commonly consumed green leafy vegetable in many developing countries due its high nutritious value and availability at low cost. The present study was conducted to assess the Cd, Cr and Pb uptake associated health risks of Centella asiatica harvested from organic and non-organic cultivations in a chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDue) prevalent area in Sri Lanka. The health risk assessment was conducted in terms of the bioconcentration factor (BCF), soil-to-root and root-to-leaf translocation factors ($${\text{TF}}\,({\text{soil-root}})$$ TF ( soil-root ) and $${\text{TF}}\,({\text{root-leaf}})$$ TF ( root-leaf ) ), Target hazard quotient for each heavy metal (THQ) and hazard index (HI). In addition, the spatial variation of physical and chemical parameters of the root zone soil were assessed using MINITAB 17 statistical software. Results indicated significant spatial variations in conductivity, organic matter content and Cr concentrations among organic and non-organic study sites. The Cr, Cd and Pb concentrations recorded from roots and leaves of Centella asiatica were higher than the safe limits for consumption established by the European Union. The health risk analysis indicated that there is a potential of hyper-accumulating Cd in the roots of Centella asiatica. Further, the THQ and HI of the heavy metals indicated possible adverse non-cancer health risks associated with long-term consumption of leaves of Centella asiatica. Therefore, necessary precautionary actions to prevent the excessive buildup of Cr, Cd and Pb in the edible portions of Centella asiatica are essential in order to ensure consumer safety.

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