scholarly journals Introduction of Dalbergia Odorifera Enhances Nitrogen Absorption on Eucalyputs Through Stimulating Microbially Mediated Soil Nitrogen-cycling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianyu Yao ◽  
Qianchun Zhang ◽  
Haiju Zhou ◽  
Zhi Nong ◽  
Shaoming Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
Dalbergia Odorifera

Abstract Background: There is the substantial evidence that Eucalyptus for nitrogen (N) absorption and increasing the growth benefit from the introduction of N-fixing species, but the underlying mechanisms for microbially mediated soil N cycling remains unclear. Methods: We investigated the changes of soil pH, soil water content (SWC), soil organic carbon (SOC), total N (TN), inorganic N (NH4+-N and NO3--N), microbial biomass and three N-degrading enzyme activities as well as the biomass and N accumulation of Eucalyptus between a pure Eucalyptus urophylla × grandis plantation (PP) and a mixed Dalbergia odorifera and Eucalyptus plantation (MP) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Results: Compared with the PP site, soil pH, SWC, SOC and TN in both seasons were significantly higher at the MP site, which in turn enhanced microbial biomass and the activities of soil N-degrading enzymes. The stimulated microbial activity at the MP site likely accelerated soil N mineralization, providing more available N (NH4+-N in both seasons and NO3--N in the wet-hot season) for Eucalyptus absorption. Overall, the N accumulation of Eucalyptus at the MP site was increased by 19.7% and 21.9%, promoting the biomass increases of 15.1% and 19.2% in the dry-cold season and wet-hot season, respectively.Conclusion: Our results reveal the importance of microbially mediated soil N cycling in the N absorption on Eucalyputs. Introduction of D. odorifera can enhance N absorption and growth on Eucalyputs, improve soil N availability and increased soil C sequestration, which hence can be considered to be an effective sustainable management option of Eucalyptus plantations.

scholarly journals Introduction of Dalbergia odorifera enhances nitrogen absorption on Eucalyptus through stimulating microbially mediated soil nitrogen-cycling

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianyu Yao ◽  
Qianchun Zhang ◽  
Haiju Zhou ◽  
Zhi Nong ◽  
Shaoming Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
Dalbergia Odorifera

Abstract Background There is substantial evidence that Eucalyptus for nitrogen (N) absorption and increasing the growth benefit from the introduction of N-fixing species, but the underlying mechanisms for microbially mediated soil N cycling remains unclear. Methods We investigated the changes of soil pH, soil water content (SWC), soil organic carbon (SOC), total N (TN), inorganic N (NH4+-N and NO3−-N), microbial biomass and three N-degrading enzyme activities as well as the biomass and N productivity of Eucalyptus between a pure Eucalyptus urophylla × grandis plantation (PP) and a mixed Dalbergia odorifera and Eucalyptus plantation (MP) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Results Compared with the PP site, soil pH, SWC, SOC and TN in both seasons were significantly higher at the MP site, which in turn enhanced microbial biomass and the activities of soil N-degrading enzymes. The stimulated microbial activity at the MP site likely accelerate soil N mineralization, providing more available N (NH4+-N in both seasons and NO3−-N in the wet-hot season) for Eucalyptus absorption. Overall, the N productivity of Eucalyptus at the MP site was increased by 19.7% and 21.9%, promoting the biomass increases of 15.1% and 19.2% in the dry-cold season and wet-hot season, respectively. Conclusion Our results reveal the importance of microbially mediated soil N cycling in the N absorption on Eucalyptus. Introduction of D. odorifera enhances Eucalyptus biomass and N productivity, improve soil N availability and increased soil C and N concentration, which hence can be considered to be an effective sustainable management option of Eucalyptus plantations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of nitrogen availability indices and their relationship with plant response on acidic soils of India

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bordoloi LJ ◽  
Singh AK ◽  
Manoj-Kumar ◽  
Patiram ◽  
S. Hazarika
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Total N ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Available N

Plant&rsquo;s nitrogen (N) requirement that is not fulfilled by available N in soil has to be supplied externally through chemical fertilizers. A reliable estimate of soil N-supplying capacity (NSC) is therefore essential for efficient fertilizer use. In this study involving a pot experiment with twenty acidic soils varying widely in properties, we evaluated six chemical indices of soil N-availability viz. organic carbon (C<sub>org</sub>), total N (N<sub>tot</sub>), acid and alkaline-KMnO<sub>4</sub> extractable-N, hot KCl extractable-N (KCl-N) and phosphate-borate buffer extractable-N (PBB-N), based on their strength of correlation with available-N values obtained through aerobic incubation (AI-N) and anaerobic incubation (ANI-N), and also with the dry matter yield (DMY), N percentage and plant (maize) N uptake (PNU). In general, the soils showed large variability in NSC as indicated by variability in PNU which ranged from 598 to 1026 mg/pot. Correlations of the N-availability indices with AI-N and ANI-N decreased in the order: PBB-N (r = 0.784** and 0.901**) &gt; KCl-N (r = 0.773** and 0.743**) &gt; acid KMnO<sub>4</sub>-N (r = 0.575** and 0.651**) &ge; C<sub>org</sub> (r = 0.591** and 0.531**) &ge; alkaline KMnO<sub>4</sub>-N (r = 0.394** and 0.548**) &gt; N<sub>tot</sub> (r = 0.297** and 0.273*). Of all the indices evaluated, PBB-N showed the best correlations with plant parameters as well (r = 0.790** and 0.793** for DMY and PNU, respectively). Based on the highest correlations of PBB-N with biological indices as well as plant responses, we propose PBB-N as an appropriate index of N-availability in the acidic soils of India and other regions with similar soils.

scholarly journals Mulching with pruned fronds promotes the internal soil N cycling and soil fertility in a large-scale oil palm plantation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta Formaglio ◽  
Edzo Veldkamp ◽  
Muhammad Damris ◽  
Aiyen Tjoa ◽  
Marife D. Corre
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

AbstractIntensive management practices in large-scale oil palm plantations can slow down nutrient cycling and alter other soil functions. Thus, there is a need to reduce management intensity without sacrificing productivity. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of management practices on gross rates of soil N cycling and soil fertility. In Jambi province, Indonesia, we established a management experiment in a large-scale oil palm plantation to compare conventional practices (i.e. high fertilization rates and herbicide weeding) with reduced management intensity (i.e. reduced fertilization rates and mechanical weeding). Also, we compared the typical management zones characterizing large-scale plantations: palm circle, inter-row and frond-stacked area. After 1.5 years of this experiment, reduced and conventional management showed comparable gross soil N cycling rates; however, there were stark differences among management zones. The frond-stacked area had higher soil N cycling rates and soil fertility (high microbial biomass, extractable C, soil organic C, extractable organic N, total N and low bulk density) than inter-row and palm circle (all p ≤ 0.05). Microbial biomass was the main driver of the soil N cycle, attested by its high correlation with gross N-cycling rates (r = 0.93–0.95, p < 0.01). The correlations of microbial N with extractable C, extractable organic N, soil organic C and total N (r = 0.76–0.89, p < 0.01) suggest that microbial biomass was mainly regulated by the availability of organic matter. Mulching with senesced fronds enhanced soil microbial biomass, which promoted nutrient recycling and thereby can decrease dependency on chemical fertilizers.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Availability and Fruiting Influence Nitrogen Cycling in Strawberry

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Archbold ◽  
Charles T. MacKown
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
N Pool

As the primary nutrient applied to and used by strawberry, N allocation and cycling within the plant may play an important role in determining plant vigor and productivity. Our objectives were to determine 1) how N availability and fruit production affect N and fertilizer N (FN) partitioning among and within the vegetative tissues of `Tribute' strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) and 2) if the root N pool is temporary storage N. Plants were fed 15N-depleted NH4NO3 (0.001 atom percent 15N) for the initial 8 weeks, then were grown for 12 weeks with or without NH4NO3 with a natural 15N abundance (0.366 atom percent 15N), and were maintained vegetative or allowed to fruit. The vegetative tissues were sampled at 6 and 12 weeks. Neither N availability or fruiting had consistent effects on dry mass (DM) across all tissues at 6 or 12 weeks. At 6 weeks, the total N content of all tissues except the roots were higher with continuous N than with no N. Nitrogen availability was the dominant treatment effect on all plants at 12 weeks; continuous N increased leaflet, petiole, and total vegetative DM and total N of all tissues. Insoluble reduced N (IRN) was the major N pool within all tissues at 6 and 12 weeks regardless of treatment. Fruiting inhibited root growth and N accumulation at 6 weeks but had little effect at 12 weeks. The roots were a strong dry matter and N sink from 6 to 12 weeks. The FN pools, from the 15N-depleted FN supplied during the initial 8 weeks, exhibited changes similar to those of total N in plants not receiving N, in contrast to plants receiving continuous N where total leaflet and petiole N content increased while FN content declined. Total FN per plant declined nearly 26% over 12 weeks; the decline was greater in plants receiving N continuously than in those not receiving N, but the magnitude of the decline was not affected by fruiting. Increasing atom percent 15N values, primarily in plants receiving continuous N after the initial 8 weeks of receiving 15N-depleted FN, indicated that N cycling occurred through all tissues and N pools, proportionally more in the soluble reduced N pool but quantitatively more in the IRN pool. The root N pool was not a “temporary” N storage site available for re-allocation to other tissues, although N cycling through it was evident. Rather, leaflet N was primarily remobilized to other tissues.

scholarly journals The soil N cycle: new insights and key challenges

SOIL ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. van Groenigen ◽  
D. Huygens ◽  
P. Boeckx ◽  
Th. W. Kuyper ◽  
I. M. Lubbers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Cycling ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Personal View ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Cycle ◽  
Soil N Cycle

Abstract. The study of soil N cycling processes has been, is, and will be at the centre of attention in soil science research. The importance of N as a nutrient for all biota; the ever-increasing rates of its anthropogenic input in terrestrial (agro)ecosystems; its resultant losses to the environment; and the complexity of the biological, physical, and chemical factors that regulate N cycling processes all contribute to the necessity of further understanding, measuring, and altering the soil N cycle. Here, we review important insights with respect to the soil N cycle that have been made over the last decade, and present a personal view on the key challenges of future research. We identify three key challenges with respect to basic N cycling processes producing gaseous emissions: 1. quantifying the importance of nitrifier denitrification and its main controlling factors; 2. characterizing the greenhouse gas mitigation potential and microbiological basis for N2O consumption; 3. characterizing hotspots and hot moments of denitrification Furthermore, we identified a key challenge with respect to modelling: 1. disentangling gross N transformation rates using advanced 15N / 18O tracing models Finally, we propose four key challenges related to how ecological interactions control N cycling processes: 1. linking functional diversity of soil fauna to N cycling processes beyond mineralization; 2. determining the functional relationship between root traits and soil N cycling; 3. characterizing the control that different types of mycorrhizal symbioses exert on N cycling; 4. quantifying the contribution of non-symbiotic pathways to total N fixation fluxes in natural systems We postulate that addressing these challenges will constitute a comprehensive research agenda with respect to the N cycle for the next decade. Such an agenda would help us to meet future challenges on food and energy security, biodiversity conservation, water and air quality, and climate stability.

Empirical relationships between temperature and nitrogen availability across North American forests

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiwei Yin
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Published Data ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Litter Fall ◽  
Available N ◽  
N Pool

Published data were analyzed to examine whether nitrogen (N) availability varies along macroclimatic gradients in North America. Extractable N produced during 8-week aerobic laboratory incubation was used as an index of potential net N mineralization. Mean extractable N during the growing season in the forest floor plus top mineral soil was used as an index of the available N pool. Using multiple regression, potential net N mineralization was shown to increase with available N and with litter-fall N (R2 = 0.722). Available N increased with increasing total soil N and with decreasing mean January and July air temperatures (R2 = 0.770). These relationships appeared to hold also for deciduous and coniferous forests separately across regions. Results suggest that net N mineralization output under uniform temperature and moisture conditions can be generally expressed by variations of N input (litter fall) and the available soil N pool, and that the available soil N pool is predictable along a temperature gradient at a regional scale.

Liming improves soil microbial growth, but trash blanket placement increases labile carbon and nitrogen availability in a sugarcane soil of subtropical Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Y. Liu ◽  
M. Rezaei Rashti ◽  
M. Esfandbod ◽  
B. Powell ◽  
C. R. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Microbial

Liming has been widely used to decrease soil acidity, but its effects on soil nitrogen (N) availability and microbial processes in sugarcane fields are largely unknown. Adjacent sugarcane soils at 26 months after liming (26ML), 14 months after liming (14ML) and with no lime amendment (CK) in Bundaberg, Australia, were selected to investigate the effect of liming on soil N bioavailability and microbial activity in a long-term subtropical sugarcane cropping system. Liming in both 14ML and 26ML treatments significantly increased soil pH (by 1.2–1.4 units) and exchangeable Ca2+ (>2-fold) compared with the CK treatment. The lower concentrations of hot water extractable organic carbon (C) and total N and ammonium-N in the 14ML, compared with the CK and 26ML treatments, can be attributed to the absence of trash blanket placement in the former. Enhanced microbial immobilisation due to improved soil pH by liming (14ML and 26ML treatments) led to increased soil microbial biomass C and N, particularly in the presence of a trash blanket (26 ML treatment), but decreased soil respiration and metabolic quotient indicated that acidic stress conditions were alleviated in the liming treatments. Soil pH was the main factor governing soil enzyme activities, with an overall decrease in all enzyme activities in response to liming. Overall, liming and trash blanket practices improved sugarcane soil fertility. Further study is warranted to investigate the shifts in soil microbial community composition and the diversity and abundance of N-associated functional genes in response to liming in sugarcane fields.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Availability and Uptake by Sugarbeet in Years Following a Manure Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrick D. Lentz ◽  
Gary A. Lehrsch
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
High Rate ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Low Rate

The use of solid dairy manure for sugarbeet production is problematic because beet yield and quality are sensitive to deficiencies or excesses in soil N, and soil N availability from manure varies substantially depending on the year of application. Experimental treatments included combinations of two manure rates (0.33 and 0.97 Mg total N ha−1) and three application times, and non-manure treatments (control and urea fertilizer). We measured soil net N mineralization and biomass, N uptake, and yields for sprinkler-irrigated sugarbeet. On average, the 1-year-old, low-rate manure, and 1- and 2-year-old, high-rate manure treatments produced 1.2-fold greater yields, 1.1-fold greater estimated recoverable sugar, and 1.5-fold greater gross margins than that of fertilizer alone. As a group the 1-year-old, low-rate manure, and 2- and 3-year-old, high-rate-manure treatments produced similar cumulative net N mineralization as urea fertilizer; whereas the 1-year-old, high-rate manure treatment provided nearly 1.5-fold more N than either group. With appropriate manure application rates and attention to residual N and timing of sugarbeet planting, growers can best exploit the N mineralized from manure, while simultaneously maximizing sugar yields and profits.

Soil chemical and biological properties affected by 21-year application of composted manure with chemical fertilizers in a Chinese Mollisol

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. H. Li ◽  
X. Z. Han ◽  
H. B. Li ◽  
C. Song ◽  
J. Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N

Li, X. H., Han, X. Z., Li, H. B., Song, C., Yan, J. and Liang, Y. 2012. Soil chemical and biological properties affected by 21-year application of composted manure with chemical fertilizers in a Chinese Mollisol. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 419–428. The effects of 21-yr of application of chemical fertilizers, composted pig manure (CPM) alone, and chemical fertilizers combined with compost on soil chemical and biological properties were investigated. Soil samples (0–20cm) were collected from a long-term fertilization experiment under corn (Zea mays L.) production in 2006, prior to seeding, at the corn tasseling stage and following harvest. Fertilizer treatments were: no fertilizer (CK), nitrogen fertilizer alone (N), N + phosphorus (NP), N + P + potassium (NPK), CPM, N + CPM, N + P + CPM (NP + CPM), and N + P + K + CPM (NPK + CPM). Long-term application of N alone resulted in a reduction of soil pH by 0.38 units and reduced the available P concentration compared with CK. An increase in soil pH was seen with CPM alone and NPK + CPM. Both fertilizers sources, singly and combined, increased the total N and available N concentrations. Total P and total K concentrations were greatest with the NPK + CPM treatment. All fertilizer treatments increased the soil organic carbon (SOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) concentrations significantly (P < 0.05) at the tasseling stage. The NPK + CPM treatment showed the greatest increase in SOC (12%), LFOC (78%) and MBC (44%) concentrations, compared with CK. Soil enzyme activities (invertase, urease, acid and alkaline phosphatases) tended to be greater at tasseling than other sampling dates, with highest enzyme activities in the NPK + CPM treatments. These findings suggest that a long-term application of CPM combined with NPK is an efficient strategy to maintain or increase soil quality in Mollisols for sustainable agriculture.

Indices of soil nitrogen availability in five Tasmanian Eucalyptus nitens plantations

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 719 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Moroni ◽  
P. J. Smethurst ◽  
G. K. Holz
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Eucalyptus Nitens ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Total P

Several soil analyses were used to estimate available N in surface soils (0–10 cm) over a 2-year period at 5 sites that supported 1- to 4-year-old Eucalyptus nitens plantations, and once in subsoils (10–120 cm) at 3 of these sites. Soils were derived from basalt (1 site previously pasture, 1 Pinus radiate, and 2 native forest) or siltstone (previously native forest). Soil analyses examined were total N, total P, total C, anaerobically mineralisable N (AMN), hot KCl-extractable N (hot KCl-N), and NH4+ and NO3– in soil solution and KCl extracts. AMN, KCl-extractable NH4+ and NO3–, and soil solution NH4+ and NO3– varied considerably with time, whereas hot KCl-N, total N, total P, and total C were temporally stable except for a gradual decline in total C with time at one site. Only total P was correlated with net N mineralisation (NNM) across all sites (r2 = 0.91, P < 0.05, n = 5). At 2–3 years after planting, soil solution and KCl-extractable NO3– dropped below 0.1 mm N and 1 μg N/g soil, respectively, at sites with NNM ≤24 kg N/ha.year (n = 3). Sites with NNM ≤24 kg N/ha.year also had ≤0.8 Mg P/ha. Although concentrations of indices of soil N availability decreased with depth, the contribution of subsoil (10–120 cm depth) to total profile N availability was estimated to be at least twice that of the top 10 cm. At an ex-pasture site, high concentrations of mineral N were found at 75–105 cm depths (KCl-extractable N, 289.3 μg N/g soil; 2.8 mm mineral N in soil solution), which may have become available to plantations as their root systems developed.

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