scholarly journals Associations of FKBP5 Polymorphisms and Methylation and Parenting Style With Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Guo ◽  
Wanxin Wang ◽  
Yangfeng Guo ◽  
Xueying Du ◽  
Guangduoji Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Dominant Model ◽  
Codominant Model ◽  
Nested Case Control

Abstract Background Genetic factors may interplay with environmental stressors to contribute to risks of depressive symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the association of FKBP5 polymorphisms and DNA methylation with depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents, considering the role of parenting style. Methods This study used a nested case-control study design based on a cohort study, and the case (n = 120) and control groups (n = 118) were matched with age. Depressive symptoms, parenting style, and other demographics were measured. Fourteen potential polymorphisms and one promoter region in the FKBP5 gene were selected for genotyping and methylation analysis. Results In the adjusted models, a significant association between FKBP5 rs7757037 and depressive symptoms was found in the codominant model (AG vs. GG; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.07–5.28) and dominant model (AA + AG vs. GG; AOR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.05–4.69); rs2817032 polymorphism was associated with depressive symptoms in the codominant model and dominant model. Significant interactions between rs7757037 and the father’s parenting style were found in the codominant model (P = 0.037) and dominant model (P = 0.038), but the gene-environment interactions were not significant after correcting for multiple testing. The main and interactive effects of FKBP5 methylation status on depressive symptoms were not observed, and no significant mediations were found in the association between FKBP5 polymorphisms and depressive symptoms through the methylation mechanism. Conclusions Further studies are required to confirm the effect of FKBP5 polymorphisms and methylation as well as their interactions with parenting styles in larger samples.

scholarly journals Associations of FKBP5 polymorphisms and methylation and parenting style with depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Guo ◽  
Wanxin Wang ◽  
Yangfeng Guo ◽  
Xueying Du ◽  
Guangduoji Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Dominant Model ◽  
Codominant Model ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Genetic factors may interplay with environmental stressors to contribute to risks of depressive symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the association of FKBP5 polymorphisms and DNA methylation with depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents, considering the role of parenting style. Methods This study used a nested case-control study design based on a cohort study, and the case (n = 120) and control groups (n = 118) were matched with age. Depressive symptoms, parenting style, and other demographics were measured. Fourteen potential polymorphisms and one promoter region in the FKBP5 gene were selected for genotyping and methylation analysis. Results In the adjusted models, a significant association between FKBP5 rs7757037 and depressive symptoms was found in the codominant model (AG vs. GG; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.13–5.78) and dominant model (AA+AG vs. GG; AOR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.11–5.120); rs2817032 and rs2817035 polymorphisms were associated with depressive symptoms in the codominant model and dominant model. Significant interactions between rs7757037 and the father’s parenting style were found in the codominant model (P = 0.043) and dominant model (P = 0.043), but the gene-environment interactions were not significant after correcting for multiple testing. Moreover, the significant main effects of FKBP5 methylation status on depressive symptoms were not observed, and there was no significant interaction between FKBP5 methylation status and parenting style on depressive symptoms. Conclusions Further studies are required to confirm the effect of FKBP5 polymorphisms and methylation as well as their interactions with parenting styles in larger samples.

Abstract MP34: In Praise of Demanding Parenting: The Effects of Parenting Style and Poverty on Obesity Risk in Children: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Sample

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Kakinami ◽  
Tracie Barnett ◽  
Gilles Paradis
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Familial Influences

Background: One-quarter of children are already overweight or obese when they enter preschool, underscoring a critical need to improve our understanding of childhood determinants of health, including both sociodemographic (such as poverty) and social-familial influences (such as parenting style), as well as how these determinants may interact with one another. Objective: To examine the effects of parenting style on the risk of obesity in youth and determine if poverty is a mediator or moderator for this association. Methods: Participants (age 0-11) were from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), a representative cross-sectional survey of youth collected bi-annually (1994-2008) throughout Canada. Factor analysis identified 4 parenting styles consistent with Baumrind’s theory of authoritative (demanding and responsive), authoritarian (demanding but not responsive), permissive (responsive but not demanding), and negligent (not demanding and not responsive) parenting control prototypes. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the risk of a child being obese (BMI percentile ≥ 97.7 th compared to age- and sex-specific WHO growth curves) based on parenting style after adjusting for age, sex, parental education, immigration status, family functioning score, birth order, and maternal age. Analyses were stratified by age (younger: 2-5 years of age, n=19,026; school-age: 6-11 years of age, n=18,551) due to age-related differences in parenting styles. Mediation or moderation by poverty (household income < low income cut-offs adjusted for household size and geographic region) was assessed. Analyses used sampling and bootstrap weights. Results: Younger children’s parents were primarily authoritative (42%, n=7357), followed by negligent (22%, n=3763), permissive (20%, n=3436), and authoritarian (16%, n=4470). Parenting styles in school-age children were similar (authoritative: 32%, n=7195, negligent: 31%, n=5586, permissive: 22%, n=3850, authoritarian: 15%, n=1920). In multivariable analyses, compared to authoritative parenting, younger and school-age children with authoritarian parents were 30% (95% CI: 1.1-1.5, p=0.0002) and 37% (CI: 1.1-1.7, p=0.006) more likely to be obese, respectively. In younger children, poverty moderated this association: authoritarian and negligent parenting was associated with 39% (CI: 1.2-1.6, p<0.0001) and 28% (CI: 1.1-1.5, p=0.002) increased risk of obesity, respectively, only among the children not living in poverty. In school-age children, poverty was not a mediator or moderator. Conclusions: Parenting style is associated with a child’s risk of obesity but is moderated by poverty in younger children. Successful strategies to combat childhood obesity need to reflect the independent and interactive effects of sociodemographic and social-familial influences on health especially in early childhood.

scholarly journals The Contributions of Indigenous Personality and Parenting Style to Life Satisfaction Development in Chinese Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengting Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Interpersonal Relatedness ◽  
Maternal Parenting ◽  
Global Life Satisfaction

The present three-wave longitudinal study examined the contributions of indigenous personality traits and parenting style to life satisfaction in Chinese adolescents. Seven hundred and ten junior high school students (Mage = 11.39, SDage = 0.53; 53.2% girls) were administered self-report measures of personality, parenting styles, and life satisfaction in Grade 6. Data on life satisfaction were collected again in Grades 7 and 8, respectively. Latent growth model analyses indicated that life satisfaction decreased over time. Regression analyses showed that the initial level of global life satisfaction was positively predicted by personality factors of dependability and interpersonal relatedness; the slope of global life satisfaction was positively predicted by personality factors of emotional stability whereas negatively predicted by interpersonal relatedness. The initial levels and slopes of different domains of life satisfaction were predicted by personality factors and parenting styles to different extents. Meanwhile, paternal and maternal parenting styles had different effects on adolescents’ life satisfaction. The study provided valuable information about the contributions of indigenous personality and both paternal and maternal parenting styles to psychological adjustment in the Chinese context. The implications of the findings concerning the associations among personality, parenting styles, and life satisfaction were discussed.

The Moderating Role of Parenting Styles in Adolescents’ Bullying and Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anat Brunstein Klomek ◽  
Kineret Koren
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Authoritarian Parenting ◽  
Authoritarian Parenting Style

Background: Bullying others among school-aged youth is a worldwide phenomenon that has a variety of adverse outcomes, depression being one of them. Objective: The objective of the current study was to examine whether perceived parenting styles moderated the relationship between bullying others and depression among adolescents. It was hypothesized that perceived authoritarian parenting would increase the association between bullying others and depression than non-authoritarian parents. Methods: The sample included 116 adolescents aged 12-17, with a mean age of 13.87. The percentage of male participants was 47.41% . We used self-report questionnaires, which measured the different variables in the study (bullying, perceptions of parenting styles, and depression). Results: A positive correlation between bullying others and depressive symptoms was found. Bullying others and perceived authoritarian parenting style were also correlated, and a positive correlation was found between perceived authoritarian parenting style and depressive symptoms. The moderation effect of perceived parenting style on the association between bullying others and depressive symptoms was found significant. Among adolescents perceiving their parents as authoritarian, the association between bullying others and depressive symptoms was found to be stronger. In contrast, among adolescents perceiving their parents as non-authoritarian, the association was low. Conclusion: Results of this study have important clinical implications by understanding the parenting component in the association between bullying others and depression. Our results suggest that the psychological outcomes for bullies may depend, among other things, on their perception of parents' parenting style.

scholarly journals Impulsivity Mediates the Association Between Parenting Styles and Self-harm in Chinese Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailiang Ran ◽  
Die Fang ◽  
Ahouanse Roland Donald ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Yusan Che ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Maternal Parenting ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Self Harm

Abstract Background: Parenting styles were positively associated with self-harm (SH) in adolescents. Nevertheless, little is known concerning the mechanism behind this association. This study primarily aims to evaluate the potential mediation of impulsivity in the association between parenting styles and SH in Chinese adolescents. Methods: A population-based sample of 3146 adolescents in southwest China were surveyed by using self-administered questionnaires. Logistic regression analyses were used to measure the association between parenting styles and SH. Path model further examined mediation of impulsivity in this association. Results: The prevalence of SH was 47.0% (95% CI: 36.3%-58.0%). Impulsivity and mother’s over-protection were significantly associated with SH. Impulsivity showed a salient mediation, accounting for 23.4% of the total association. Parenting styles of father and mother showed disparate roles in the hypothesized path model. Conclusions: Our major findings suggested that, for Chinese adolescents with harsher maternal parenting style, impulsivity-centered intervention measures might be effective in reducing parenting style related SH.

A REVIEW OF CORRELATES OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN CHINESE ADOLESCENTS IN HONG KONG

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 31-50
Author(s):  
NELSON W.Y. TAM ◽  
SYLVIA Y.C.L. KWOK
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

Adolescent depression has been shown to be increasing in Hong Kong. There is a need to address this problem. The studies of the risk and protective factors have focused on how individual, peer, and family predictors are related to depressive symptoms. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Specifically, this study presents a brief review of protective and risk correlates of depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong, with an ecological perspective. Individual risk correlates, such as low self-esteem and high levels of rumination; peer correlates, such as social withdrawal and limited social networks; family correlates, such as parent-child triangulation and high parental expectations, are significantly associated with adolescent depression. Moreover, individual protective correlates, such as hope and positive affect; social-related correlates, such as extensive social network and peer support; and family correlates, such as high parental warmth and family cohesion, were considered factors to reduce the risk of depression. Several limitations of previous studies are noted. First, the sample size is small and targets are limited to children and youth. They were also limited by the locations and times at which questionnaire distribution was conducted. Second, most studies are not theory-driven and have failed to examine adolescent depression with sophisticated statistical analyses; for example, some cross-sectional studies were unlikely to establish causality between the identified factors and symptoms of depression. Therefore, future study could attempt to fill in the knowledge gap by integrating the ecological model and wellness theory as a theoretical framework to explain adolescent depression, and could consider a relatively larger and different sample with longitudinal studies. More sophisticated analyses are needed to examine the indirect and interactive effects of different variables (e.g. family, peer, and individual factors) as mediators and moderators to help understand the underlying mechanism related to adolescents' depression.

scholarly journals Parenting Styles, Depressive Symptoms, and Problematic Online Game Use in Adolescents: A Developmental Cascades Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Gan ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Mengmeng Li ◽  
Chengfu Yu ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Online Game ◽  
Reciprocal Effect ◽  
Cascade Effects ◽  
The Relationship

Abundant empirical research has demonstrated the relationship between parenting style and adolescent problematic online game use (POGU), but the direction and underlying mechanism of this association remain unclear. Using a 1-year longitudinal design across three time points, the present study explored interrelations among parenting styles, depressive symptoms, and POGU from the theoretical perspective of the developmental cascade model and examined whether depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between parenting style and POGU. A sample of 1,041 children was recruited from two junior middle schools in China, of which 46.3% were boys. Results confirmed the cascade effects and showed that the reciprocal effect of parenting style, depressive symptoms, and POGU was significant, and parental control and POGU can predict each other via depressive symptoms. Knowledge regarding the direct and underlying mechanisms between parenting style, depressive symptoms, and POGU provides reference suggestions for the prevention and intervention of adolescent depressive symptoms and problematic online game use.

Worry and Permissive Parenting in Association with the Development of Internet Addiction in Children: A Survey Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Chuen Yee Lo ◽  
Nok Man Lai ◽  
Ting Kin Ng ◽  
Haobi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Permissive Parenting

BACKGROUND With growing accessibility and need over the past decades, the Internet has experienced a rapid increase in use globally. Specifically, with the accelerated development in information technology, more than 90% of Hong Kong’s citizens use the Internet, and 70% of children in the age group of 6-17 have daily access to it. However, despite the benefits of Internet technology, its addiction could pose serious social and health issues. Therefore, conducting research to investigate its causes and risk factors is fundamental. OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined the relationship between worry and Internet addiction among children in Hong Kong, and investigated the moderating effect of the permissive parenting style on such relationship. METHODS The participants consisted of 227 fourth-grade and fifth-grade students (120 males, 52.9%) from primary schools in Hong Kong with a mean age of 9.55 (SD = .58). Each participant was asked to complete the questionnaires, including the Internet Addiction Test for Internet addiction, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire for Children for worry, and the Parental Authority Questionnaire for the permissive parenting style. RESULTS The results indicated that worry was related to greater Internet addiction among children. Furthermore, there was a moderating effect of the permissive parenting style such that the positive association between worry and Internet addiction was stronger when the permissive parenting style was higher. CONCLUSIONS Our findings imply that parenting styles are influential in the prevention of Internet addiction.

The study of the relationship between parenting styles and risk-taking in adolescents in only-child families in Qazvin city

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nezal Azh ◽  
Reza Zeighami ◽  
Tahereh Ataei ◽  
Maryam Mafi
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Authoritative Parenting ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Only Child ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Authoritative Parenting Style

AbstractObjectivesRisk-taking reasons in adolescents are divided into four cognitive, emotional, socio-environmental, and family factors. Structure, composition, and size of family as well as parenting styles effect on the development of creative abilities, transmitting cultural and social values, and the amount of adolescent risk-taking. The present study aimed to evaluate the tendency toward high-risk behaviors based on ways of interacting with children in only-child families.MethodsThis research is a descriptive analytical study. The research population was only-child adolescents and one of their parents who referred to health centers in Qazvin city to receive healthcare. The sampling has been conducted in census method. The data collection tools were adolescents’ risk-taking questionnaires and Baumrind Parenting style Inventory which were completed by adolescents and one parent, respectively. The questionnaires were completed in health centers of Qazvin City, and the sampling was conducted since February to September 2018. The SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data.ResultsOne hundred and seventeen adolescents aged between 13 and 19 years together with one of their parents participated in this study. The majority of the mothers were housewives (62.9%) and fathers were either employees or self-employed (76.9%). Authoritative parenting style was the most dominant parenting style amongst parents (93%), and the majority of the samples (78%) had the least amount of risk. The average risk-taking score of adolescents was 23.3 ± 61.29 and the highest risk-taking behavior was dangerous driving (12.83). Risk-taking amount was negatively correlated with authoritative parenting style (r = −0.20, p = 0.28), while having direct and meaningful correlation with the permissive style (r = 0.20, p = 0.02).ConclusionThe authoritative parenting style in only-child families has been a dominant trend that justifies the intimate parent-children relationships and decreases the risk-taking amount of adolescents. Therefore, parents are suggested to focus on increasing their relationship with their adolescents, rather than reducing their family size.

scholarly journals Parenting Style, Parental Personality, and Child Temperament in Children with Anxiety Disorders—A Clinical Study from India

2021 ◽  
pp. 025371762097337
Author(s):  
BR Sahithya ◽  
Vijaya Raman
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Child Temperament ◽  
Parental Personality ◽  
Parent Personality

Background: Anxiety disorders are common in children and contribute to adverse developmental outcomes. Although etiological models of child anxiety have identified various environmental factors, very few studies in India have examined these factors in children presenting with anxiety disorders. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine parenting styles, parental personality, and child temperament in children with anxiety disorders in an Indian outpatient setting. Methods: In total, 42 children with anxiety disorders and 42 typically developing children, matched on age and gender, were screened using Child Behavior Checklist, Color Progressive Matrices, and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders Parent version. Their parents were screened using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0, following which they filled the questionnaires for parenting styles, parent personality, and child temperament. Results: There were significant differences between the two groups on parenting style, parent personality, and child temperament. Anxiety disorder was positively associated with the father’s permissiveness and negatively with the mother’s authoritativeness and child’s sociability. A combination of parenting styles and child temperament explained 69% of the variances in child anxiety disorders. There were significant associations between parental personality, child temperament, and parenting style. Parent and child characteristics explained 14%–46% of the variances in parenting styles. Conclusion: Results of this study are generally consistent with Western studies outlining the influence of child temperament and parenting styles on child outcome and have important implications for clinical management of anxiety disorders.

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