scholarly journals Differing Dietary Nutrients and Diet-associated Bacteria has Limited Impact on Spider Gut Microbiota Composition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Zhang ◽  
Fengjie Liu ◽  
Yang Zhu ◽  
Runhua Han ◽  
Letian Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Lasius Niger ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Spiders are a key predator of insects across ecosystems and possess great potential as pest control agents. Unfortunately, it is difficult to artificially cultivate multiple generations of most spider species. Since gut bacterial flora has been shown to significantly alter nutrient availability, it is plausible that the spiders’ microbial community play a key role in their unsuccessful breeding. However, both the gut microbial composition and its influencing factors in many spiders remain a mystery. In this study, the gut microbiota of Campanicola campanulata, specialist prey on ants and are widely distributed across China, was characterized. After, the impact of diet and diet-associated bacteria on gut bacterial composition was evaluated. First, two species of prey ants (Lasius niger and Tetramorium caespitum) were collected from different locations and fed to C. campanulata. For each diet, we then profiled the nutritional content of the ants, as well as the bacterial communities of both the ants and spiders. Results showed that the protein and carbohydrate content varied between the two prey ant species, and that the bacterial communities of the ants were clearly delineated by collection site. However, no significant differences were found in the gut microbiota of spiders that were fed the differing ants. Together, these results indicate that nutritional variation and diet-associated bacterial differences have a limited impact on the microbial composition of spider guts, suggesting that spiders have a mechanism keeping their gut bacterial community stable to ensure normal physiological function and development.

scholarly journals Differing Dietary Nutrients and Diet-Associated Bacteria Has Limited Impact on Spider Gut Microbiota Composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2358
Author(s):  
Wang Zhang ◽  
Fengjie Liu ◽  
Yang Zhu ◽  
Runhua Han ◽  
Letian Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Lasius Niger ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Spiders are a key predator of insects across ecosystems and possess great potential as pest control agents. Unfortunately, it is difficult to artificially cultivate multiple generations of most spider species. Since gut bacterial flora has been shown to significantly alter nutrient availability, it is plausible that the spiders’ microbial community plays a key role in their unsuccessful breeding. However, both the gut microbial composition and its influencing factors in many spiders remain a mystery. In this study, the gut microbiota of Campanicola campanulata, specialists who prey on ants and are widely distributed across China, was characterized. After, the impact of diet and diet-associated bacteria on gut bacterial composition was evaluated. First, two species of prey ants (Lasius niger and Tetramorium caespitum) were collected from different locations and fed to C. campanulata. For each diet, we then profiled the nutritional content of the ants, as well as the bacterial communities of both the ants and spiders. Results showed that the protein and carbohydrate content varied between the two prey ant species. We isolated 682 genera from 356 families in the ants (dominant genera including Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Paraburkholderia, Staphylococcus, and Novosphingobium), and 456 genera from 258 families in the spiders (dominated by Pseudomonas). However, no significant differences were found in the gut microbiota of spiders that were fed the differing ants. Together, these results indicate that nutritional variation and diet-associated bacterial differences have a limited impact on the microbial composition of spider guts, highlighting that spiders may have a potentially stable internal environment and lay the foundation for future investigations into gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Different analysis strategies of 16S rRNA gene data from rodent studies generate contrasting views of gut bacterial communities associated with diet, health and obesity

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10372
Author(s):  
Jose F. Garcia-Mazcorro ◽  
Jorge R. Kawas ◽  
Cuauhtemoc Licona Cassani ◽  
Susanne Mertens-Talcott ◽  
Giuliana Noratto
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Analysis Strategies ◽  
The Impact

Background One of the main functions of diet is to nurture the gut microbiota and this relationship affects the health of the host. However, different analysis strategies can generate different views on the relative abundance of each microbial taxon, which can affect our conclusions about the significance of diet to gut health in lean and obese subjects. Here we explored the impact of using different analysis strategies to study the gut microbiota in a context of diet, health and obesity. Methods Over 15 million 16S rRNA gene sequences from published studies involving dietary interventions in obese laboratory rodents were analyzed. Three strategies were used to assign the 16S sequences to Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) based on the GreenGenes reference OTU sequence files clustered at 97% and 99% similarity. Results Different strategies to select OTUs influenced the relative abundance of all bacterial taxa, but the magnitude of this phenomenon showed a strong study effect. Different taxa showed up to 20% difference in relative abundance within the same study, depending on the analysis strategy. Very few OTUs were shared among the samples. ANOSIM test on unweighted UniFrac distances showed that study, sequencing technique, animal model, and dietary treatment (in that order) were the most important factors explaining the differences in bacterial communities. Except for obesity status, the contribution of diet and other factors to explain the variability in bacterial communities was lower when using weighted UniFrac distances. Predicted functional profile and high-level phenotypes of the microbiota showed that each study was associated with unique features and patterns. Conclusions The results confirm previous findings showing a strong study effect on gut microbial composition and raise concerns about the impact of analysis strategies on the membership and composition of the gut microbiota. This study may be helpful to guide future research aiming to investigate the relationship between diet, health, and the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Effect of Diet and Dietary Components on the Composition of the Gut Microbiota

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2795
Author(s):  
Ashley Beam ◽  
Elizabeth Clinger ◽  
Lei Hao
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Metabolic Endotoxemia

Diet and dietary components have profound effects on the composition of the gut microbiota and are among the most important contributors to the alteration in bacterial flora. This review examines the effects the “Western”, “plant-based”, “high-fat”, “medical ketogenic”, and “Mediterranean” diets have on the composition of the gut microbiota in both mice and human subjects. We show that specific dietary components that are commonly found in the “plant-based” and “Mediterranean” diet play a role in shifting the microbial composition. This review further evaluates the bacterial metabolites that are associated with diet, and their role in systemic inflammation and metabolic endotoxemia. Furthermore, the associations between diet/dietary components and altering bacterial composition, may lead to potential therapeutic targets for type II diabetes, obesity, and inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Monitoring the variation in the gut microbiota of captive woolly monkeys related to changes in diet during a reintroduction process

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Quiroga-González ◽  
Luis Alberto Chica Cardenas ◽  
Mónica Ramírez ◽  
Alejandro Reyes ◽  
Camila González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Woolly Monkeys ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Lagothrix Lagothricha

AbstractMicrobiome is known to play an important role in the health of organisms and different factors such as diet have been associated with modifications in microbial communities. Differences in the microbiota composition of wild and captive animals has been evaluated; however, variation during a reintroduction process in primates has never been reported. Our aim was to identify changes in the bacterial composition of three individuals of reintroduced woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagothricha) and the variables associated with such changes. Fecal samples were collected and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to determine gut microbial composition and functionality. Individual samples from released individuals showed a higher microbial diversity after being released compared to before liberation, associated with changes in their diet. Beta diversity and functionality analysis showed separation of samples from released and captive conditions and the major factor of variation was the moment of liberation. This study shows that intestinal microbiota varies depending on site conditions and is mainly associated with diet diversity. The intake of food from wild origin by released primates may promote a positive effect on gut microbiota, improving health, and potentially increasing success in reintroduction processes.

scholarly journals The Impact of Sampling Season and Catching Site (Wild and Aquaculture) on Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Negash Kabtimer Bereded ◽  
Getachew Beneberu Abebe ◽  
Solomon Workneh Fanta ◽  
Manuel Curto ◽  
Herwig Waidbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Lake Tana ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sampling Season

The gut microbiota of fishes is known to play an essential role in diverse aspects of host biology. The gut microbiota of fish is affected by various environmental parameters, including temperature changes, salinity and diet. Studies of effect of environment on gut microbiota enables to have a further understanding of what comprises a healthy microbiota under different environmental conditions. However, there is insufficient understanding regarding the effects of sampling season and catching site (wild and aquaculture) on the gut microbiota of Nile tilapia. This study characterised gut microbial composition and diversity from samples collected from Lake Tana and the Bahir Dar aquaculture facility centre using 16S rDNA Illumina MiSeq platform sequencing. Firmicutes and Fusobacteria were the most dominant phyla in the Lake Tana samples, while Proteobacteria was the most dominant in the aquaculture samples. The results of differential abundance testing clearly indicated significant differences for Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria across sampling months. However, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Fusobacteria and Cyanobacteria were significantly enriched in the comparison of samples from the Lake Tana and aquaculture centre. Significant differences were observed in microbial diversity across sampling months and between wild and captive Nile tilapia. The alpha diversity clearly showed that samples from the aquaculture centre (captive) had a higher diversity than the wild Nile tilapia samples from Lake Tana. The core gut microbiota of all samples of Nile tilapia used in our study comprised Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria. This study clearly showed the impact of sampling season and catching site (wild and aquaculture) on the diversity and composition of bacterial communities associated with the gut of Nile tilapia. Overall, this is the first study on the effects of sampling season and catching site on the gut microbiota of Nile tilapia in Ethiopia. Future work is recommended to precisely explain the causes of these changes using large representative samples of Nile tilapia from different lakes and aquaculture farms.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Gut Microbiota of Adult Mosquitoes From Eight Locations in Hainan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Kang ◽  
Yanhong Wang ◽  
Siping Li ◽  
Xiaomei Sun ◽  
Xiangyang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Quality Filtering ◽  
And Function

The midgut microbial community composition, structure, and function of field-collected mosquitoes may provide a way to exploit microbial function for mosquito-borne disease control. However, it is unclear how adult mosquitoes acquire their microbiome, how the microbiome affects life history traits and how the microbiome influences community structure. We analyzed the composition of 501 midgut bacterial communities from field-collected adult female mosquitoes, including Aedes albopictus, Aedes galloisi, Culex pallidothorax, Culex pipiens, Culex gelidus, and Armigeres subalbatus, across eight habitats using the HiSeq 4000 system and the V3−V4 hyper-variable region of 16S rRNA gene. After quality filtering and rarefaction, a total of 1421 operational taxonomic units, belonging to 29 phyla, 44 families, and 43 genera were identified. Proteobacteria (75.67%) were the most common phylum, followed by Firmicutes (10.38%), Bacteroidetes (6.87%), Thermi (4.60%), and Actinobacteria (1.58%). The genera Rickettsiaceae (33.00%), Enterobacteriaceae (20.27%), Enterococcaceae (7.49%), Aeromonadaceae (7.00%), Thermaceae (4.52%), and Moraxellaceae (4.31%) were dominant in the samples analyzed and accounted for 76.59% of the total genera. We characterized the midgut bacterial communities of six mosquito species in Hainan province, China. The gut bacterial communities were different in composition and abundance, among locations, for all mosquito species. There were significant differences in the gut microbial composition between some species and substantial variation in the gut microbiota between individuals of the same mosquito species. There was a marked variation in different mosquito gut microbiota within the same location. These results might be useful in the identification of microbial communities that could be exploited for disease control.

scholarly journals Depression of Groundwater Table and Reduced Nitrogen Application Jointly Regulate the Bacterial Composition of nirS-Type and nirK-Type Genes in Agricultural Soil

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3459
Author(s):  
Fangfang Bai ◽  
Xuebin Qi ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Dongmei Qiao ◽  
Jianming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Reduced Nitrogen ◽  
The Impact

Despite the known influence of nitrogen fertilization and groundwater conditions on soil microbial communities, the effects of their interactions on bacterial composition of denitrifier communities have been rarely quantified. Therefore, a large lysimeter experiment was conducted to examine how and to what extent groundwater table changes and reduced nitrogen application would influence the bacterial composition of nirK-type and nirS-type genes. The bacterial composition of nirK-type and nirS-type genes were compared at two levels of N input and three groundwater table levels. Our results demonstrated that depression of groundwater table, reduced nitrogen application and their interactions would lead to drastic shifts in the bacterial composition of nirS-type and nirK-type genes. Structural equation models (SEMs) indicated that depression of groundwater table and reduced nitrogen application not only directly altered the species composition of denitrifier bacterial communities, but also indirectly influenced them through regulating soil nutrient and salinity. Furthermore, the variation in soil NO3−–N and electrical conductivity caused by depression of groundwater table and reduced nitrogen application played the most important role in altering the community composition of denitrifier bacterial communities. Together, our findings provide first-hand evidence that depression of groundwater table and reduced nitrogen application jointly regulate the species composition of denitrifier bacterial communities in agricultural soil. We highlight that local environmental conditions such as groundwater table and soil attributes should be taken into account to enrich our knowledge of the impact of nitrogen fertilization on soil denitrifier bacterial communities, or even biogeochemical cycles.

scholarly journals Dietary Vitamin B6 Deficiency Impairs Gut Microbiota and Host and Microbial Metabolites in Rats

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Shyamchand Mayengbam ◽  
Faye Chleilat ◽  
Raylene A. Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Vitamin B6 Deficiency ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Vitamin B6 plays a crucial role as a cofactor in various enzymatic reactions but bacteria-produced vitamin B6 is not sufficient to meet host requirements. Our objective was to assess the impact of diet-derived vitamin B6 on gut microbiota and host serum metabolomics. Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 47) were fed a control, low B6 (LB6) or high B6 (HB6) diet for six weeks. Serum and cecal samples were collected for biochemical, metabolomics and gut microbiota profiling. There was a significant sex effect for gut microbiota and several metabolic markers. Bodyweight and percent body fat were significantly reduced in LB6 compared to control and HB6 rats. Microbial beta-diversity differed significantly between LB6 and the control and HB6 rats in both sexes. Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Bacteroides were the primary taxa driving the difference between LB6 and control. There was a significant separation of cecal and serum metabolites of LB6 compared to control and HB6 rats. In the cecum, arginine biosynthesis was impaired, while vitamin B6 metabolism, lysine degradation and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism were impaired in serum metabolite profiles. Cecal propionate and butyrate were significantly reduced in LB6 rats irrespective of sex. Host vitamin B6 deficiency but not excess significantly alters gut microbial composition and its metabolites.

scholarly journals PSI-10 Establishing a foundation to harvest the potential of the microbiome in poultry production

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 293-294
Author(s):  
Camila S Marcolla ◽  
Benjamin Willing
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study aimed to characterize poultry microbiota composition in commercial farms using 16S rRNA sequencing. Animals raised in sanitized environments have lower survival rates when facing pathogenic challenges compared to animals naturally exposed to commensal organisms. We hypothesized that intensive rearing practices inadvertently impair chicken exposure to microbes and the establishment of a balanced gut microbiota. We compared gut microbiota composition of broilers (n = 78) and layers (n = 20) from different systems, including commercial intensive farms with and without in-feed antibiotics, organic free-range farms, backyard-raised chickens and chickens in an experimental farm. Microbial community composition of conventionally raised broilers was significantly different from antibiotic-free broilers (P = 0.012), from broilers raised outdoors (P = 0.048) and in an experimental farm (P = 0.006) (Fig1). Significant community composition differences were observed between antibiotic-fed and antibiotic-free chickens (Fig2). Antibiotic-free chickens presented higher alpha-diversity, higher relative abundance of Deferribacteres, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and lower relative abundance of Firmicutes, Clostridiales and Enterobacteriales than antibiotic-fed chickens (P < 0.001) (Fig3). Microbial community composition significantly changed as birds aged. In experimental farm, microbial community composition was significant different for 7, 21 and 35 day old broilers (P < 0.001), and alpha diversity increased from 7 to 21d (P < 0.024), but not from 21 to 35d; whereas, in organic systems, increases in alpha-diversity were observed from 7d to 21d, and from 21d to 35d (P < 0.05). Broilers and layers raised together showed no differences in microbiota composition and alpha diversity (P > 0.8). It is concluded that production practices consistently impact microbial composition, and that antibiotics significantly reduces microbial diversity. We are now exploring the impact of differential colonization in a controlled setting, to determine the impact of the microbes associated with extensively raised chickens. This study will support future research and the development of methods to isolate and introduce beneficial microbes to commercial systems.

scholarly journals Microsporidian Infection in Mosquitoes (Culicidae) Is Associated with Gut Microbiome Composition and Predicted Gut Microbiome Functional Content

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Trzebny ◽  
Anna Slodkowicz-Kowalska ◽  
Johanna Björkroth ◽  
Miroslawa Dabert
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Microsporidian Infection ◽  
Functional Content

AbstractThe animal gut microbiota consist of many different microorganisms, mainly bacteria, but archaea, fungi, protozoans, and viruses may also be present. This complex and dynamic community of microorganisms may change during parasitic infection. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the presence of microsporidians on the composition of the mosquito gut microbiota and linked some microbiome taxa and functionalities to infections caused by these parasites. We characterised bacterial communities of 188 mosquito females, of which 108 were positive for microsporidian DNA. To assess how bacterial communities change during microsporidian infection, microbiome structures were identified using 16S rRNA microbial profiling. In total, we identified 46 families and four higher taxa, of which Comamonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Flavobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae were the most abundant mosquito-associated bacterial families. Our data suggest that the mosquito gut microbial composition varies among host species. In addition, we found a correlation between the microbiome composition and the presence of microsporidians. The prediction of metagenome functional content from the 16S rRNA gene sequencing suggests that microsporidian infection is characterised by some bacterial species capable of specific metabolic functions, especially the biosynthesis of ansamycins and vancomycin antibiotics and the pentose phosphate pathway. Moreover, we detected a positive correlation between the presence of microsporidian DNA and bacteria belonging to Spiroplasmataceae and Leuconostocaceae, each represented by a single species, Spiroplasma sp. PL03 and Weissella cf. viridescens, respectively. Additionally, W. cf. viridescens was observed only in microsporidian-infected mosquitoes. More extensive research, including intensive and varied host sampling, as well as determination of metabolic activities based on quantitative methods, should be carried out to confirm our results.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document