scholarly journals Expression of the NSE, SP, NFH and DβH in Normal and Cryptorchid Testes of Bactrian Camel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligang Yuan ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Hongzao Yang ◽  
Shaoyu Chen ◽  
Dapeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Bactrian Camel ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Bactrian Camels ◽  
Spermatogenic Epithelium ◽  
Hybridization Reaction

Abstract Background: Neuroendocrine substances play important roles in regulating the normal physiological functions of testicles.The purpose of this study is to explore the localization and effects of four neuroendocrine markers(NSE, SP, NFH and DβH) in normal and cryptorchid testes of Bactrian camels.Methods: The cryptorchid testes were located in the abdominal cavity and were collected by orchiectomy. Fresh testes tissues were processed into small pieces and then divided into three samples. One sample was frozen in liquid nitrogen for western blotting hybridization reaction, while the other sample was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde solution for histochemical analysis, and the third fixed in glutaraldehyde for transmission electron microscopy observation.Results: The results showed that cryptorchidism caused a reduction in layers of spermatogenic epithelium and decreased glycogen positivity in the basement membrane.The ultrastructure revealed that macrophages were always found around the Leydig cells, which were crowded with swelling mitochondria in cryptorchidism. Expression of NSE in the Leydig cells of cryptorchidism was significantly weakened compared to that in the normal group(p<0.01). We found that SP was always distributed along the nerve fibers in normal testes and was expressed in the Leydig cells of cryptorchidism. However, expression of NFH in the cryptorchidic tissue was strongly positive in spermatogenic epithelium, with limited expression in Leydig cells and no expression in peritubular myoid cells. Therefore, expression of DβH in the Sertoli cells was comparatively strong in both the normal and cryptorchidism groups.NFH and DβH expression was significantly increased in the cryptorchidism group compared with the nomal group(p<0.01).Conclusions: These findings indicated that the underdeveloped seminiferous epithelium and pathological changes in cryptorchid tissue in Bactrian camels were potentially related to a disorder in glycoprotein metabolism.Our results suggest that NSE and SP could helpful to judge the pathological changes of cryptorchidism. The present study provides the first evidence at the protein level for the existence of NFH and DβH in Sertoli and Leydig cells in Bactrian camel cryptorchidism and provides a more in-depth understanding of neuroendocrine regulation is crucial for animal cryptorchidism.

Ultrastructural Study of Human Testicular Biopsies in Infertility

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Shirley Siew ◽  
Philip Troen ◽  
Howard R. Nankin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Germinal Epithelium ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Male Subjects

Testicular biopsies were obtained from six young male subjects (age range 24-33) who complained of infertility and who had clinical evidence of oligospermia. This was confirmed on histological examination which showed a broad spectrum from profound hypospermatogenesis to relatively normal appearing germinal epithelium. Thickening of the tubular walls was noted in half of the cases and slight peritubular fibrosis in one. The Leydig cells were reported as normal or unremarkable.Transmission electron microscopy showed that the thickening of the supporting tissue of the germinal epithelium was caused more by an increase in the thickness of the layers of the lamina propria than of the tubular wall itself. The changes in the basement membrane of the tubular wall consisted mostly of a greater degree of infolding into the tubule and some reduplication which gave rise to a multilayered appearance.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum in perfusion and immersion-fixed Leydig cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-83
Author(s):  
R.T.F. Bernard ◽  
R.H.M. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Random Mixture ◽  
Transmission Electron

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is involved in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, and changes in the organisation and abundance of this organelle are regularly used as indicators of changes in the level of steroidogenesis. SER is typically arranged as a meshwork of anastomosing tubules which, with the transmission electron microscope, appear as a random mixture of cross, oblique and longitudinal sections. Less commonly the SER appears as swollen vesicles and it is generally suggested that this is an artefact caused during immersion fixation or during immersion of poorly-perfused tissue.During a previous study of the Leydig cells of a seasonally reproducing bat, in which tissue was fixed by immersion, we noted that tubular SER and vesicular SER often occured in adjacent cells and sometimes in the same cell, and that the abundance of the two types of SER changed seasonally. We came to doubt the widelyheld dogma that vesicular SER was an artefact of immersion fixation and set out to test the hypothesis that the method of fixation does not modify the ultrastructure of the SER.

scholarly journals Melatonin administration provokes the activity of dendritic reticular cells in the seminal vesicle of Soay ram during the non-breeding season

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan H. Abd-Elhafeez ◽  
A. H. S. Hassan ◽  
Manal T. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor Alpha ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Stimulatory Action ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Melatonin Administration ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Lysosomal System

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are innate immune cells which engulf, process and present antigens to the naïve T-lymphocyte cells. However, little is known about the effect of melatonin on the DCs. The present study aimed to investigate the morphology and distribution of the DCs by transmission electron microscopy and Immunohistochemistry after melatonin administration. A total of 8 out of 15 adult ram was randomly selected to receive the melatonin implant and the remaining 7 animals received melatonin free implants. DCs showed positive immunoreactivity for CD117, S-100 protein and CD34. There is an obvious increase in the number of the positive immunoreactive cells to CD3, estrogen receptor alpha and progesterone in the treated groups. The expression of CD56 and MHCII in the DCs was abundant in the treated groups. The ultrastructure study revealed that melatonin exerts a stimulatory effect on the DCs which was associated with increment in the secretory activity of DCs. The secretory activity demarcated by an obvious increase in the number of mitochondria, cisternae of rER and a well-developed Golgi apparatus. The endosomal- lysosomal system was more developed in the treated groups. A rod-shaped Birbeck granule was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of the melatonin treated group. DCs were observed in a close contact to telocytes, T-Lymphocytes, nerve fibers and blood vessels. Taken together, melatonin administration elicits a stimulatory action on the DCs and macrophages through increasing the size, the number and the endosomal compartments which may correlate to increased immunity.

scholarly journals Application of a temporary intestinal storage device in a small intestine gunshot wound dog model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihang Wu ◽  
Mingwei Wang ◽  
Weikang Zhou ◽  
Yuewen Zhu ◽  
Tianyu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gunshot Wound ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Wound Model ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Normal Intestine

Abstract Background: We aimed to verify the feasibility of a novel temporary intestinal storage device (TISD) using a simple intestinal gunshot wound model. Methods: Ten female beagle dogs were fasted for 12 hours and anesthetized. An incision protector was inserted into a 10-cm abdominal incision. The small intestine was exposed to the body by natural drooping. An automatic rifle was used to shoot the intestine from a distance of 25 meters to introduce a simple intestinal gunshot wound. The three phases of first aid for war injuries were followed: Care Under Fire, Tactical Field Care, and Tactical Evacuation Care. For Tactical Field Care, a novel TISD was used to reconstruct the ruptured intestine, and necrotic intestinal tissue was stored. The abdominal cavity was temporarily closed, and the abdomen was opened for exploration 4 hours after surgery. Treatment time was observed during Care Under Fire, transfer time was observed from Tactical Field Care to Tactical Evacuation Care, rescue was observed during Tactical Evacuation Care, and the treatment time of each intestinal segment was measured. After 4 hours, intestinal vitality was observed, and the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, normal intestine, and necrotic intestine were examined before and 4 hours after surgery by light microscopy. The broken ends of the intestine were connected to the intestinal reconstruction device before and 4 hours after surgery and were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Results: The processing time of Care Under Fire was 41.55 ± 10.46 seconds, which is shorter than the maximum time limit of the battlefield first aid principle. Transit time from Care Under Fire to Tactical Field Care transit was 60.78 ± 15.95 seconds, which is shorter than the battlefield first aid principle. The treatment time of Tactical Field Care was 29.75 ± 5.13 minutes, and the reconstruction time of each intestinal segment was 4.44 ± 0.31 minutes. One dog died of anesthetic overdose, two died of splenic bleeding, and the rest completed all phases. The abdominal cavity was explored 4 hours after surgery, and the TISD was positioned. Intestinal tract reconstruction was normal, and no obvious necrosis was observed. Necrotic intestine had the same vitality as before storage. With light microscopy, the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and stomach showed no obvious necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, or necrosis of normal intestine before and after surgery. Before and 4 hours after surgery, intestinal necrosis involved local necrosis of villi and tissues, and marked inflammatory cell infiltration. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the villi of the intestinal stump connected to the TISD before surgery were intact, and no obvious necrosis was observed. The villi of the intestinal stump were moderately damaged after surgery, and focal necrosis was observed. Conclusions: The novel TISD can be used in the emergency treatment of simple small intestine gunshot wounds in beagle dogs and can prevent further deterioration after intestinal injury. Background: We aimed to verify the feasibility of a novel temporary intestinal storage device (TISD) using a simple intestinal gunshot wound model.

The Affects of Genital Myiasis on the Diversity of Vaginal Flora in Female Bactrian Camels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Likang Zhi ◽  
Dongdong Ai ◽  
Ming Yong ◽  
Huar Bao ◽  
Baoxiang Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Vaginal Flora ◽  
Bactrian Camel ◽  
Vaginal Tissue ◽  
Health States ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bactrian Camels

Abstract Background: One of the most important diseases that affect the reproductive organs of Bactrian camels is called Genital Myiasis. It can cause serious mechanical damage to the vaginal tissue of female Bactrian camels. The accumulation of bacteria in the vagina of female camels can affect their health and reproductive ability. The effect of this damage is commonly found in the vaginal flora and vaginal mucosal immune system. Therefore, this research is a study of the diversity of the vaginal flora and the differences between healthy Bactrian camels and those suffering from Genital Myiasis.Results: Vaginal microbiota samples were collected from two groups of female Bactrian camels of the same age. Illumina Miseq was used to sequence V3-V4 hypervariable genes of 16S rRNA in the samples, and the results showed that the vaginal microflora of the infected camel had a significantly greater OTU value. According to the Alpha diversity index and the level of vaginal pH, the diversity index of the infected camel flora were higher than that of the normal camel flora, and the pH were lower than that of the normal camel flora (P=0.006). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the abundance of dominant genera of Bactrian camel vaginal (P＞0.05), indicating that the structure of dominant flora of Bactrian camel vagina had a certain stability.Conclusions: Overall this comparison revealed the differences and similarities between vaginal flora Bactrian camels in various health states. In addition, this data provides a reference point for understanding the types of bacteria that cause genital myiasis that damages healthy development of Bactrian camels.

CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHRONIC RECURRENT HEMATOGENOUS OSTEOMYELITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Azamat Shamsiev ◽  
◽  
Sukhrob Zainiev ◽  
N. Alieva
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Medullary Canal ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Hematogenous Osteomyelitis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Bone Fragments ◽  
Tubular Bones

The studied material of scanning and transmission electron microscopy were bone fragments of 40 patients obtained during surgery from various pathologically altered sections of the affected tubular bones. Morphological studies revealed microscopic foci of necrosis, leukocyte infiltrates and microabscesses both in the main focus and in other parts of the bone marrow canal. Microabscesses detected by microscopy represent the morphological basis of chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis, can be located at a considerable distance from the main necrotic purulent focus and, under appropriate conditions, cause a relapse of the disease. Morphological studies have shown that surgical debridement of the lesion with ultrasonic cavitation of the lesion and the medullary canal contributes to a significant reduction in the degree of microbial contamination, followed by a decrease in pathological changes in bone tissue.

scholarly journals Angiopoietin-1 Promotes the Integrity of Neovascularization in the Subcutaneous Matrigel of Type 1 Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
ShaoBin LI ◽  
HeQin Zou ◽  
MinMin Gong ◽  
YuQin Chen ◽  
XiaoYong Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Junction Protein

Objective. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Ang-1 on neovascularization of diabetic organs by subcutaneous Matrigel angiogenesis model, established in type 1 diabetic rats. Methods. Ang-1 adenoviral vector was constructed. The rat model was established by STZ and divided into four group. The Matrigel was inserted subcutaneously into the abdominal cavity of rats at 8 weeks, the treatment group was injected with Ang-1 adenovirus vector via tail vein, and the rats were sacrificed at 10 weeks. Neovascularization of Matrigel was observed with transmission electron microscopy. The marker of vascular endothelial cell and pericyte were detected by immunofluorescence. Immunohistochemical detection of the neovascular endothelial junction protein was performed. RT-PCR was used to determine protein expression of neovascular in Matrigel. Results. Vascular cavity-like structure could be seen in subcutaneous Matrigel of diabetic rats, and the cavity was filled with a lot of red blood cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed that neovascular endothelial structure of the Matrigel was incomplete, while the Ang-1 treatment group had more vascular cavity-like structures, intact vascular endothelial structure, and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in Matrigel. Additionally, the integrity of vascularization improved, and the marker of pericyte and the cell tight junctions protein was upregulated in Ang-1 treatment group. Conclusion. Hyperglycemia could induce pathological angiogenesis in subcutaneous Matrigel of diabetic rats, and Ang-1 could upregulate the expression of intercellular junction protein in subcutaneous Matrigel of diabetic rats and promote the integrity of neovascularization in the subcutaneous Matrigel of diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Carbon Dots from Grapefruit and Its Fluorescence Enhancement

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Xinzhu Huo ◽  
Yuxuan He ◽  
Shiqi Ma ◽  
Yingying Jia ◽  
Jiaming Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Ir Transmission ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Doped Carbon Dots

In this study, undoped carbon quantum dots (UCQDs, UCQDs-peel) and N-doped carbon dots (NCQDs) were prepared by a facile one-pot environmentally friendly hydrothermal method using grapefruit as carbon sources in the absence and presence of area, respectively. The structure, morphology, and fluorescence properties of three samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and photoluminescence (PL). It was found that three types of CQDs could emit blue fluorescence with different intensities when irradiated with ultraviolet light. Compared to the luminescence properties of UCQDs, NCQDs, and UCQDs-peel, it can be seen that the fluorescence intensity of NCQDs was strongest due to the presence of NH and C-N bonds.

Interspecies embryo transfer in camelids: the birth of the first Bactrian camel calves (Camelus bactrianus) from dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Niasari-Naslaji ◽  
D. Nikjou ◽  
J. A. Skidmore ◽  
A. Moghiseh ◽  
M. Mostafaey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Bactrian Camel ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
First Report ◽  
Camelus Bactrianus ◽  
Bactrian Camels ◽  
Mature Size ◽  
Fertile Male

Interspecies embryo transfer is a possible approach that can be used to conserve endangered species. It could provide a useful technique to preserve the Iranian and wild Bactrian camels, both of which are threatened with extinction. In the present study, one Bactrian camel was superovulated using decreasing doses of FSH (60, 40, 30, 30, 20, 20 mg, b.i.d.; Folltropin-V; Bioniche, London, ON, Canada) for 6 days, followed by a single injection of FSH (20 mg, i.m.) on Day 7. Daily ovarian ultrasonography was performed until most of the growing follicles had reached a mature size of 13–17 mm, at which time the camel was mated twice, 24 h apart, with a fertile male Bactrian camel. At the time of first mating, female camels were given 20 μg, i.v., buserelin (Receptal; Intervet, Boxmeer, The Netherlands). One day after the donor camel had been mated, the dromedary recipients (n = 8) were injected with 25 mg, i.v., porcine LH (Lutropin-V; Bioniche) to induce ovulation. Embryos were recovered on Day 8.5 after the first mating and transferred non-surgically into recipients on Day 7.5 after LH injection. Pregnancy was diagnosed 25 days after embryo transfer. Healthy Bactrian camel calves (n = 4) were born without any particular complications at the time of parturition (e.g. dystocia and neonatal diseases). The present study is the first report of the birth of Bactrian camel calves from dromedary camels, as well as the first report of interspecies embryo transfer in old world camelids.

scholarly journals Stage-specific Expression of Dynein Light Chain-1 and Its Interacting Kinase, p21-activated Kinase-1, in Rodent Testes: Implications in Spermiogenesis

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1235-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui-An Wang ◽  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Marvin L. Meistrich ◽  
Rakesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Light Chain ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Dynein Light Chain ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Regulatory Interactions ◽  
Dynein Motor ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
P21 Activated Kinase ◽  
Spermatogenic Epithelium

Mammalian spermatogenesis is a complex process involving regulatory interactions of many gene products. In this study, we found that dynein light chain-1 (DLC1), a component of the dynein motor complex, is highly expressed in mouse and rat testes. Immunohistochemically detectable levels of DLC1 are observed specifically in spermatids in steps 9–16 in distinct subcellular compartments: in steps 9–11, DLC1 is predominantly localized in the nucleus; in steps 12 and 13, it is found in both nucleus and cytoplasm; and in step 14–16, it is present exclusively in the cytoplasm. In addition, we found p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1), a protein kinase that activates DLC1 by phosphorylating DLC1 at Serine 88, was also expressed during these stages of spermatogenesis. Pak1 was also expressed in Leydig cells, in preleptotene primary spermatocytes, and in round spermatids. The spermiogenic stage-specific expression of DLC1 suggests a role for DLC1 in chromatin condensation, spermatid shaping, and the final release of sperm from the spermatogenic epithelium. Further, Pak1 may also play a role in spermiogenesis by regulating DLC1 phosphorylation and, consequently, its function.

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