COVID-19 test positivity rate dynamics in West Sumatra, Indonesia: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syandrez Prima Putra ◽  
Mutia Lailani ◽  
Liganda Endo Mahata ◽  
SM Rezvi ◽  
Andani Eka Putra
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
First Year ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: COVID-19 test positivity rate (TPR) is essential to estimate and control SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a population at a specific time, yet the TPR trends at a provincial level in Indonesia are unclear. This study aimed to determine the COVID-19 TPR dynamics of the Indonesian West Sumatra province in the first year of documented cases.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using secondary data of the COVID-19 quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (q-RT-PCR) test in West Sumatra Province from April 2020 to March 2021. To examine trends, we estimated TPR(s) on an annual, quarterly, and monthly basis in the province, its regions (cities/ regencies), and districts.Results: From a total of 410,424 individuals taking the COVID-19 q-RT-PCR examination during one year, the provincial TPR was 8.11%. The third quarter (October 2020 – December 2020, 12.18%) and October 2020 (15.62%) had the highest TPR quarterly and monthly, respectively. The TPR of cities was almost certainly twice that of regencies. Annual TPR varied significantly (p<0.001) across regions, districts, and periods.Conclusion: The COVID-19 TPR trends in West Sumatra at the first year of the pandemic were generally higher than the global recommendation. Further study on population density, public mobility, and implementation of health protocol in the province should be valuable to understand TPR dynamics.

scholarly journals Analysis of COVID-19 Test Positivity Rate in West Sumatra, Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study of One-year Observation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syandrez Prima Putra ◽  
Mutia Lailani ◽  
Liganda Endo Mahata ◽  
SM Rezvi ◽  
Andani Eka Putra
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Large Data Analysis ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background: The test positivity rate (TPR) of COVID-19 is an epidemiological indicator used to estimate SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a population at a certain time. However, large data analysis on the TPR in Indonesia is still limited. In this study, we determined COVID-19 TPR dynamics of Indonesian West Sumatra Province in the first year of cases were recorded.Method: We conducted an observational study with a cross-sectional approach from one-year secondary data of COVID-19 test using qualitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (q-RT-PCR) in West Sumatra collected from April 2020 until March 2021. The TPR(s) in the province, its regions (cities/ regencies), and districts were determined annually, quarterly, and monthly to analyze their trends.Results: From a total of 410,424 individuals taking COVID-19 q-RT-PCR examination during one-year observation, the provincial TPR was 8.11%. The highest TPR quarterly and monthly was detected in the third quarter (October 2020 – December 2020, 12.18%) and October 2020 (15.62%) respectively. The TPR of cities was likely two times higher than regencies. There were significant differences in annual TPR between regions, districts, and any period of times detected in this study.Conclusion: We have shown the COVID-19 q-RT-PCR TPR dynamics to describe SARS-CoV-2 transmission control among different areas in West Sumatra. This study should be beneficial to ensure an effective COVID-19 preventive strategy in the future.

scholarly journals Feasibility and safety of a symptom-based strategy to discontinue infection control precautions for patients hospitalised with COVID-19 – a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaël Grandmaison ◽  
Marine Baumberger ◽  
Charlotte Pellaud ◽  
Véronique Erard ◽  
Christian Chuard
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Various recommendations exist concerning the discontinuation of contact and droplet precautions (CDP) for patients hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Some are based on repeated negative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results, whereas other are based on clinical criteria. The feasibility and safety of these recommendations are poorly documented. Method: We conducted a retrospective study to assess the feasibility and safety of a symptom-based strategy to discontinue CDP for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. We reviewed the clinical charts of all symptomatic patients hospitalised in our institution with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 to assess the application of a symptom-based strategy for the implementation and discontinuation of CDP. The patients with discontinuation of CDP in accordance with the symptom-based strategy were cross-referenced with patients with potential hospital-acquired COVID-19 in order to assess the safety of this strategy. Results: Among the 147 patients included in our study, our symptom-based strategy was respected in 95 cases (64.6%). Discontinuation of CDP in accordance with the recommendations occurred in 39 patients (26.5%). After the discontinuation of CDP, patients remained hospitalised for a median time of 18 days, with exposure to a median number of three patients, resulting in a total number of 588 days ‘patient-day-exposition’. No hospital-acquired COVID-19 was detected in contact patients. Discussion: The use of a symptom-based strategy to discontinue CDP is applicable and safe. This symptom-based strategy was applicable regardless of patient’s age or COVID-19 severity.

scholarly journals Is the Portable Chest Radiographic More Reliable to Reveal Covid19 in Highly Suspicion Patient before Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Test?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
pp. 228-236
Author(s):  
Bushra A. A. Albazi ◽  
Dr Noof. Albaz ◽  
Dr Nayef. Alqahtani ◽  
Dr. Angham Salih ◽  
Dr Rafat Mohtasab
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Rate Type ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Pcr Test

A large number of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present at hospitals. There are a limited number of isolation rooms open, and patients must often wait a long time to get a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test done. This necessitates the introduction of effective triage plans. A patient with suspicions is referred to an emergency room (ED) depending on their medical record for a simple physical assessment, blood test findings, and chest imaging.A retrospective study design was conduct at Prince Sultan Medical Military City (PSMMC). Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional board to wave the consent forms since it is a retrospective study. Only the primary investigator has had the data access to the patients’ medical records. The collected patient records were under specific categories, including symptoms score starts from 5 and above, RT-PCR test result done after CXRP imaging, the patient admitted to the emergency department (ED). Excluding all CXRP done after RT-PCR TEST, positive Covid 19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), pediatric patients, and patients with score symptoms were less than five. Two experienced radiologists reviewed the images blindly, and the inter-observer reliability of observations noted by the radiologists was calculated. As for the relationship between the x-ray reading and the RT-PCR test result, our results showed a high correlation between the variables (chi-square χ² = 12.44, with df =1, and p<0.001). The sensitivity of x-ray diagnosing covid19 was 65.52 %, while the specificity was 54.51 %, and the accuracy of radiologists reading was 58.17 %. Furthermore, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 41.76 %, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 76.05%. Finally, the false positive rate (type-i error (alpha) was 45.49%, and the false-negative rate (type-ii error (beta) was 34.48% Our research findings show that CXRP imaging can detect COVID-19 infection in symptomatic patients and can be a valuable addition to RT-PCR testing. In an inpatient ED environment where availability of test kits, laboratory equipment, and laboratory personnel is compromised and risks delaying patient treatment and hospital workflow, serial CXRP could theoretically be used as an adjunct diagnostic function and monitoring in patients suspected of having COVID-19.

scholarly journals Characteristics of recovered COVID-19 patients with recurrent positive RT-PCR findings in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tie-Jun Shui ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Hong-bing Liu ◽  
Xiaohua Chen ◽  
Bi-ke Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Two months after the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, tens of thousands of hospitalized patients had recovered, and little is known about the follow-up of the recovered patients. Methods The clinical characteristics, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results from throat swab specimens and the results of serological COVID-19 rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were retrospectively reviewed for a total of 758 recovered patients who were previously hospitalized in 17 hospitals and quarantined at 32 rehabilitation stations in Wuhan, China. Results In total, 59 patients (7.78%) had recurrent positive findings for COVID-19 on RT-PCR from throat swabs. With regard to antibody detection, 50/59 (84.75%) and 4/59 (6.78%) patients had positive IgG or dual positive IgG/IgM RDT results, respectively. Conclusions Some patients who had been quarantined and had subsequently recovered from COVID-19 had recurrent positive RT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2, and the possibility of transmission of the virus by recovered patients needs further investigation. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ChiCTR2000033580, Jun 6th 2020. Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Predictors of characteristics associated with negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR test despite proven disease and association with treatment and outcomes. The COVID-19 RT-PCR Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Baptiste Lascarrou ◽  
Gwenhael Colin ◽  
Aurelie Le Thuaut ◽  
Nicolas Serck ◽  
Mickael Ohana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Testing Strategy ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pcr Test

Background: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) testing is an important tool for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19). However, performance concerns have recently emerged, especially about its sensitivity.. We hypothesized that clinical, biological and radiological characteristics of patients with false negative first RT-PCR testing, despite final diagnosis of COVID19, might differ from patients with positive first RT PCR. Methods: Case / control, multicenter study in which COVID19 patients with negative first RT PCR testing were matched to patients with positive first RT PCR on age, gender and initial admission unit (ward or intensive care). Results: Between March 30, and June 22, 2020, 80 cases and 80 controls were included. Neither proportion of death at hospital discharge, nor duration of hospital length stay differed between case and control patients (P=0.80 and P=0.54, respectively). In multivariate analysis, headache (adjusted OR: 0.07 [0.01 ; 0.49]; P=0.007) and fatigue/malaise (aOR: 0.16 [0.03 ; 0.81]; P=0.027) were associated with lower risk of false negative, whereas platelets > 207.103.mm-3 (aOR: 3.81 [1.10 ; 13.16]; P=0.034) and CRP > 79.8 mg.L-1 (aOR: 4.00 [1.21 ; 13.19]; P=0.023) were associated with higher risk of false negative. Interpretation: Patients with suspected COVID19 and higher inflammatory biological signs expected higher risk of false negative RT PCR testing. Strategy of serial RT PCR testings must be rigorously evaluated before adoption by clinicians.

1504: Molecular Diagnosis and Staging of Prostate Cancer Using Clusterin in Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 485-486
Author(s):  
Sabarinath B. Nair ◽  
Christodoulos Pipinikas ◽  
Roger Kirby ◽  
Nick Carter ◽  
Christiane Fenske
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Expression of Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein V in Human Megakaryocytes and Megakaryocytic Cell Lines: A Study Using a Novel Monoclonal Antibody against GPV

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (05) ◽  
pp. 762-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiro Takafuta ◽  
Kingo Fujirmura ◽  
Hironori Kawano ◽  
Masaaki Noda ◽  
Tetsuro Fujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Platelet Membrane ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Megakaryocytic Cell

SummaryGlycoprotein V (GPV) is a platelet membrane protein with a molecular weight of 82 kD, and one of the leucine rich glycoproteins (LRG). By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), GPV cDNA was amplified from mRNA of platelets and megakaryocytic cell lines. However, since there are few reports indicating whether GPV protein is expressed in megakaryocytes as a lineage and maturation specific protein, we studied the GPV expression at the protein level by using a novel monoclonal antibody (1D9) recognizing GPV. Flow cytometric and immunohistochemical analysis indicated that GPV was detected on the surface and in the cytoplasm of only the megakaryocytes in bone marrow aspirates. In a megakaryocytic cell line UT-7, GPV antigen increased after treatment with phorbol-12-myri-state-13-acetate (PMA). These data indicate that only megakaryocytes specifically express the GPV protein among hematopoietic cells and that the expression of GPV increases with differentiation of the megakaryocyte as GPIb-IX complex.

A Study of the Efficiency of Modern Domestic Disinfectants in the System of TB Control Activities

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Paliy ◽  
A. Zavgorodniy ◽  
B. Stegniy ◽  
A. Gerilovych
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Test Objects

Due to the absence of elaborated effi cient means for specifi c prevention of bovine tuberculosis, it is ex- tremely important to detect and eliminate the source of infection and to take veterinary and sanitary preven- tive measures. Here the critical role is attributed to disinfection, which breaks the epizootic chain due to the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms in the environment and involves the application of disinfectants of different chemical groups. Aim. To study the tuberculocidal properties of new disinfectants DZPT-2 and FAG against atypical mycobacteria Mycobacterium fortitum and a TB agent Mycobacterium bovis. Methods. The bacteriological and molecular-genetic methods were used. Results. It was determined that DZPT-2 prepara- tion has bactericidal effect on M. fortuitum when used in the concentration of 2.0 % of the active ingredient (AI) when exposed for 5–24 h, while disinfectant FAG has a bactericidal effect in the concentration of 2.0 % when exposed for 24 h. Disinfectant DZPT-2 in the concentration of 2.0 % of the AI, when exposed for 5–24 h, and FAG preparation in the concentration of 2.0 %, when exposed for 24 h, and with the norm of consump- tion rate of 1 cubic decimeter per 1 square meter disinfect the test-objects (batiste, wood, glazed tile, metal, glass), contaminated with the TB agent M. bovis. Conclusions. Disinfecting preparations of DZPT-2 in the concentration of 2.0 % of AI when exposed for 5 h and FAG in the concentration of 2.0 % when exposed for 24 h may be used in the complex of veterinary and sanitary measures to prevent and control TB of farm ani- mals. The possibility of using the polymerase chain reaction as an additional method of estimating tuberculo- cide activity of disinfectants was proven.

Polymerase chain reaction amplification and typing of rotavirus in environmental samples

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gajardo ◽  
R. M. Pintó ◽  
A. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Group A ◽  
Reaction Amplification ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay is described that has been developed for the detection and serotyping of group A rotavirus in stool specimens and concentrated and non-concentrated sewage specimens.

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