scholarly journals Precision Dosimetry in Yttrium-90 Radioembolization through CT Imaging of Radiopaque Microspheres in a Rabbit Liver Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Courtney Henry ◽  
Matthew Strugari ◽  
George Mawko ◽  
Kimberly Brewer ◽  
David Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Liver Model ◽  
Calibration Phantom ◽  
Dose Metrics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Yttrium 90

Abstract Purpose To perform precision dosimetry in yttrium-90 radioembolization through CT imaging of radiopaque microspheres in a rabbit liver model, and to compare extracted dose metrics to those produced from conventional PET-based dosimetry. Materials and Methods A CT calibration phantom was designed to contain posts having nominal microsphere concentrations of 0.5 mg/mL, 5.0 mg/mL, and 25.0 mg/mL. The mean Hounsfield unit was extracted from the post volumes to generate a calibration curve to relate Hounsfield units to microsphere concentration. A nominal bolus of 40 mg of microspheres was administered to the livers of 8 rabbits followed by PET/CT imaging. A CT-based activity distribution was calculated through the application of the calibration curve to the CT liver volume. Post-treatment dosimetry was performed through the convolution of yttrium-90 dose-voxel kernels and the PET- and CT-based cumulated activity distributions. The mean dose to the liver in PET- and CT-based dose distributions was compared through linear regression, ANOVA, and Bland-Altman analysis. Results A linear least-squares fit to the average Hounsfield unit and microsphere concentration data in the calibration phantom confirmed a strong correlation (r2 > 0.999) with a slope of 14.13 HU/mg/mL. A poor correlation was found between the mean dose derived from CT and PET (r2 = 0.374) while the ANOVA analysis revealed statistically significant differences (p < 10–12) between the MIRD-derived mean dose and the PET- and CT-derived mean dose. Bland-Altman analysis predicted an offset of 15.0 Gy between the mean dose in CT and PET. The dose within the liver was shown to be more heterogeneous in CT than in PET with an average coefficient of variation equal to 1.99 and 1.02, respectively. Conclusion The benefits of a CT-based approach to post-treatment dosimetry in yttrium-90 radioembolization include improved visualization of the dose distribution, reduced partial volume effects, a better representation of dose heterogeneity, and the mitigation of respiratory motion effects. Post-treatment CT imaging of radiopaque microspheres in yttrium-90 radioembolization provides the means to perform precision dosimetry and extract accurate dose metrics used to refine the understanding of the dose-response relationship, which can permit an individualized approach to treatment planning that translates into improved patient outcomes.

The Accuracy and Reproducibility of Linear Measurements Made on CBCT-derived Digital Models

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Y Hajeer ◽  
Ahmad L Maroua ◽  
Mowaffak Ajaj
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Intraobserver Reliability ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plaster Models

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of linear measurements made on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-derived digital models. Materials and methods A total of 25 patients (44% female, 18.7 ± 4 years) who had CBCT images for diagnostic purposes were included. Plaster models were obtained and digital models were extracted from CBCT scans. Seven linear measurements from predetermined landmarks were measured and analyzed on plaster models and the corresponding digital models. The measurements included arch length and width at different sites. Paired t test and Bland–Altman analysis were used to evaluate the accuracy of measurements on digital models compared to the plaster models. Also, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to evaluate the reproducibility of the measurements in order to assess the intraobserver reliability. Results The statistical analysis showed significant differences on 5 out of 14 variables, and the mean differences ranged from −0.48 to 0.51 mm. The Bland–Altman analysis revealed that the mean difference between variables was (0.14 ± 0.56) and (0.05 ± 0.96) mm and limits of agreement between the two methods ranged from −1.2 to 0.96 and from −1.8 to 1.9 mm in the maxilla and the mandible, respectively. The intraobserver reliability values were determined for all 14 variables of two types of models separately. The mean ICC value for the plaster models was 0.984 (0.924–0.999), while it was 0.946 for the CBCT models (range from 0.850 to 0.985). Conclusion Linear measurements obtained from the CBCTderived models appeared to have a high level of accuracy and reproducibility. How to cite this article Maroua AL, Ajaj M, Hajeer MY. The Accuracy and Reproducibility of Linear Measurements Made on CBCT-derived Digital Models. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(4):294-299.

scholarly journals COMPARISON BETWEEN RECTAL AND BODY SURFACE TEMPERATURES OBTAINED BY DIGITAL AND NON-CONTACT INFRARED THERMOMETER IN SOME LARGE ANIMAL SPECIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Mera Usman Muhammed ◽  
Mayaki Abubakar Musa ◽  
Gambo Abdulrahman Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Infrared Thermometer ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
The Face ◽  
Body Temperature Measurement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Moment

This study was carried out to compare the digital rectal (DR) thermometer with non-contact infrared thermometer (IRT) measurements at two locations on the face in some large animal species. Two hundred and forty (240) animals comprising of equal numbers of three species (cattle, camel and horses) of varying age and either sex was used. The IR temperature was taken from two sites [frontal (FIRT) and temporal (TIRT) region] on the animal face. The mean IR temperatures (FIRT and TIRT) were higher than the RT in all the animal species. The two thermometers correlate poorly in all the animal species. Bland-Altman analysis showed high biases and limits of agreement not acceptable for clinical purposes. In conclusion, IRT seems to offer a quick and easy way to determine the animal temperature but clinically it cannot be used interchangeably with DR thermometer at the moment for body temperature measurement in these animal species.

scholarly journals Comparing School-Aged Refraction Measurements Using the 2WIN-S Portable Refractor in Relation to Cycloplegic Retinoscopy: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ziming Liu ◽  
Emmanuel Eric Pazo ◽  
Hong Ye ◽  
Cui Yu ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. To assess the repeatability and agreement of refractive measurements using 2WIN-S photoscreening with the gold-standard cycloplegic retinoscope refraction. Design. Single centre, cross-sectional study. Methods. Spherical, cylindrical, axis, and spherical equivalent of 194 bilateral eyes of 97 children were assessed using a retinoscope and 2WIN-S. One week later, another operator repeated the 2WIN-S measurements. The primary outcome measures were to assess the repeatability and agreement between spherical equivalent, J0, and J45 readings of 2WIN-S. The repeatability of measurements was assessed by the within-subject standard deviation (2.77 Sw) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The agreement between devices was assessed using 95% limits of agreement. The extent of the agreement between cycloplegic retinoscopy and noncycloplegic 2WIN-S measurements was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis. Results. The mean age ± SD was 10.3 ± 2.46 year (range, 4–14 years). The sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent measurements were found to be consistent with both apparatus (r value >0.86). ICC for SE, J0, and J45 was 0.900, 0.666, and 0.639, respectively; Sw for SE, J0, and J45 was 0.61D, 0.30D, and 0.31D, respectively; Bland–Altman analysis of retinoscopy with cycloplegia and 2WIN-S for SE was 184/194 (95%) in 95% confidence interval, and the mean value was 0.46. J0 was 184/194 (95%), and the mean value is −0.04. J45 was 181/194 (93%), and the mean value is −0.15. Conclusion. The objective refractive measurement of 2WIN-S had good reliability and high agreement with the gold-standard retinoscopy refraction in children and adolescents. While consistency was observed, it is essential to take into consideration that it is a screening tool.

The possibility of using effluent ionized calcium to assess regional citrate anticoagulation in continuous renal replacement therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 379-384
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Feng Zhuang ◽  
Qichen Fan ◽  
Wenyan Yu ◽  
Feng Ding
Keyword(s):  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Regional Citrate Anticoagulation ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Citrate Anticoagulation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Filter

Aim: This study aimed to investigate whether effluent ionized calcium was an appropriate indicator to assess anticoagulant effect in continuous renal replacement therapy with regional citrate anticoagulation instead of post-filter ionized calcium. Methods: In total, 48 paired samples of effluent fluid and post-filter blood were obtained from critically ill patients who required continuous renal replacement therapy. All samples were taken for ionized calcium measurements and were assessed by point-of-care analyzer. Correlations and agreements between two methods were performed by Pearson linear analysis and Bland–Altman analysis accordingly. Results: The mean post-filter ionized calcium was 0.42 ± 0.12 mmol/L, and mean ionized calcium level of effluent fluid was 0.39 ± 0.11 mmol/L. The ionized calcium level of effluent fluid was significantly correlated with post-filter ionized calcium in all continuous renal replacement therapy patients. Bland–Altman analysis showed that the mean difference of ionized calcium between two sampling sites in all continuous renal replacement therapy patients was −0.02 mmol/L with 95% confidence interval ranging from −0.09 to 0.04 mmol/L. The significant correlations and agreements were also demonstrated in continuous veno-venous hemofiltration, continuous veno-venous hemodialysis, and continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration modalities separately. Conclusion: The effluent ionized calcium could be a considerable substitute for post-filter ionized calcium to monitor the validity of regional citrate anticoagulation in continuous renal replacement therapy with less blood loss.

VALIDITY OF THE RETROSPECTIVE APPLICATION OF OXFORD HIP AND KNEE SCORES

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550003
Author(s):  
Travis M. Falconer ◽  
Julie Headford ◽  
Stephen Edmondston ◽  
Piers J. Yates
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Oxford Knee Score ◽  
Knee Score ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Oxford Hip Score ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

The Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and Oxford Knee Score (OKS) are validated, reliable and reproducible outcome measures, however their use retrospectively has not been examined. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to examine the accuracy and reliability of patients' ability to recall their OHS and OKS in a retrospective manner. A total of 137 patients undergoing primary hip (40) or primary knee (97) arthroplasty with a mean age of 70.8 years (range, 47–88) and a mean time to follow up of 27.2 months (range, 6–46) were included in the study. The mean retrospective OHS and OKS decreased compared to the pre-operative score (OHS = 1.6 ± SD, p = 0.36, OKS = 4.7 ± SD, p < 0.001). There was only a weak positive relationship between the actual pre-operative scores and the retrospective scores (OHS: r2 = 0.30, OKS: r2 = 0.19). Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated 95% limits of agreement between scores of -19.9 to 23.1 for the OHS and -15.3 to 24.8 for the OKS. This study shows that patients are poor at retrospectively recalling their pre-operative OHS and OKS and therefore these scores should not be used in a retrospective manner.

scholarly journals Comparison between radial artery tonometry pulse analyzer and pulsed-Doppler echocardiography derived hemodynamic parameters in cardiac surgery patients: a pilot study

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e4132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashad Zayat ◽  
Andreas Goetzenich ◽  
Ju-Yeon Lee ◽  
HeeJung Kang ◽  
So-Hyun Jansen-Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Limits

BackgroundBedside non-invasive techniques, such as radial artery tonometry, to estimate hemodynamic parameters have gained increased relevance as an attractive alternative and efficient method to measure hemodynamics in outpatient departments. For our pilot study, we sought to compare cardiac output (CO), and stroke volume (SV) estimated from a radial artery tonometry blood pressure pulse analyzer (BPPA) (DMP-Life, DAEYOMEDI Co., Gyeonggi-do, South Korea) to pulsed-wave Doppler (PWD) echocardiography derived parameters.MethodsFrom January 2015 to December 2016, all patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery at our department were screened. Exclusion criteria were, inter alia, moderate to severe aortic- or Mitral valve disease and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) > stage II. One hundred and seven patients were included (mean age 66.1 ± 9.9, 15 females, mean BMI 27.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2). All patients had pre-operative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). We measured the hemodynamic parameters with the BPPA from the radial artery, randomly before or after TTE. For the comparison between the measurement methods we used the Bland-Altman test and Pearson correlation.ResultsMean TTE-CO was 5.1 ± 0.96 L/min, and the mean BPPA-CO was 5.2 ± 0.85 L/min. The Bland-Altman analysis for CO revealed a bias of −0.13 L/min and SD of 0.90 L/min with upper and lower limits of agreement of −1.91 and +1.64 L/min. The correlation of CO measurements between DMP-life and TTE was poor (r = 0.501,p < 0.0001). The mean TTE-SV was 71.3 ± 16.2 mL and the mean BPPA-SV was 73.8 ± 19.2 mL. SV measurements correlated very well between the two methods (r = 0.900,p < 0.0001). The Bland-Altman analysis for SV revealed a bias of −2.54 mL and SD of ±8.42 mL and upper and lower limits of agreement of −19.05 and +13.96 mL, respectively.ConclusionOur study shows for the first time that the DMP-life tonometry device measures SV and CO with reasonable accuracy and precision of agreement compared with TTE in preoperative cardiothoracic surgery patients. Tonometry BPPA are relatively quick and simple measuring devices, which facilitate the collection of cardiac and hemodynamic information. Further studies with a larger number of patients and with repeated measurements are in progress to test the reliability and repeatability of DMP-Life system.

scholarly journals Multicenter comparison of the Cobas 6800 system with the RealStar RT-PCR kit for the detection of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Wirden ◽  
Linda Feghoul ◽  
Mélanie Bertine ◽  
Marie-Laure Nere ◽  
Quentin Le Hingrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Deming Regression ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pcr Assays

ABSTRACTBackgroundRT-PCR testing is crucial in the diagnostic of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The use of reliable and comparable PCR assays is a cornerstone to allow use of different PCR assays depending on the local equipment. In this work, we provide a comparison of the Cobas® (Roche) and the RealStar® assay (Altona).MethodsAssessment of the two assays was performed prospectively in three reference Parisians hospitals, using 170 clinical samples. They were tested with the Cobas® assay, selected to obtain a distribution of cycle threshold (Ct) as large as possible, and tested with the RealStar assay with three largely available extraction platforms: QIAsymphony (Qiagen), MagNAPure (Roche) and NucliSENS-easyMag (BioMérieux).ResultsOverall, the agreement (positive for at least one gene) was 76%. This rate differed considerably depending on the Cobas Ct values for gene E: below 35 (n = 91), the concordance was 99%. Regarding the positive Ct values, linear regression analysis showed a determination correlation (R2) of 0.88 and the Deming regression line revealed a strong correlation with a slope of 1.023 and an intercept of -3.9. Bland-Altman analysis showed that the mean difference (Cobas® minus RealStar®) was + 3.3 Ct, with a SD of + 2.3 Ct.ConclusionsIn this comparison, both RealStar® and Cobas® assays provided comparable qualitative results and a high correlation when both tests were positive. Discrepancies exist after 35 Ct and varied depending on the extraction system used for the RealStar® assay, probably due to a low viral load close to the detection limit of both assays.

scholarly journals Regional improvements in lumbosacropelvic Hounsfield units following teriparatide treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. E11
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Flanigan ◽  
Anthony L. Mikula ◽  
Pierce A. Peters ◽  
Soliman Oushy ◽  
Jeremy L. Fogelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Lumbosacral Spine ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Teriparatide Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Surrogate Measure

OBJECTIVEOpportunistic Hounsfield unit (HU) determination from CT imaging has been increasingly used to estimate bone mineral density (BMD) in conjunction with assessments from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The authors sought to compare the effect of teriparatide on HUs across different regions in the pelvis, sacrum, and lumbar spine, as a surrogate measure for the effects of teriparatide on lumbosacropelvic instrumentation.METHODSA single-institution retrospective review of patients who had been treated with at least 6 months of teriparatide was performed. All patients had at least baseline DXA as well as pre- and post-teriparatide CT imaging. HUs were measured in the pedicle, lamina, and vertebral body of the lumbar spine, in the sciatic notch, and at the S1 and S2 levels at three different points (ilium, sacral body, and sacral ala).RESULTSForty patients with an average age of 67 years underwent a mean of 20 months of teriparatide therapy. Mean HUs of the lumbar lamina, pedicles, and vertebral body were significantly different from each other before teriparatide treatment: 343 ± 114, 219 ± 89.2, and 111 ± 48.1, respectively (p < 0.001). Mean HUs at the S1 level for the ilium, sacral ala, and sacral body were also significantly different from each other: 124 ± 90.1, −10.7 ± 61.9, and 99.1 ± 72.1, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean HUs at the S2 level for the ilium and sacral body were not significantly different from each other, although the mean HU at the sacral ala (−11.9 ± 52.6) was significantly lower than those at the ilium and sacral body (p = 0.003 and 0.006, respectively). HU improvement occurred in most regions following teriparatide treatment. In the lumbar spine, the mean lamina HU increased from 343 to 400 (p < 0.001), the mean pedicle HU increased from 219 to 242 (p = 0.04), and the mean vertebral body HU increased from 111 to 134 (p < 0.001). There were also significant increases in the S1 sacral body (99.1 to 130, p < 0.05), S1 ilium (124 vs 165, p = 0.01), S1 sacral ala (−10.7 vs 3.68, p = 0.04), and S2 sacral body (168 vs 189, p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThere was significant regional variation in lumbar and sacropelvic HUs, with most regions significantly increasing following teriparatide treatment. The sacropelvic area had lower HU values than the lumbar spine, more regional variation, and a higher degree of correlation with BMD as measured on DXA. While teriparatide treatment resulted in HUs > 110 in the majority of the lumbosacral spine, the HUs in the sacral ala remained suggestive of severe osteoporosis, which may limit the effectiveness of fixation in this region.

scholarly journals Limitations of a non-invasive model of the estimation of pulmonary vascular resistance by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with heart failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Vidal Urrutia ◽  
A Cubillos-Arango ◽  
P Garcia-Gonzalez ◽  
J Gradoli-Palmero ◽  
J Nunez-Villota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is a hemodynamic parameter with important diagnostic and prognostic implications in patients with heart failure. Currently the gold standard technique for its quantification is right heart catheterization (RHC). However, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has been postulated as a non-invasive alternative for its estimation. The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of a non-invasive model of PVR estimated by CMR in a specific subgroup of patients with acute heart failure (AHF). Methods. Between January 2014 and December 2018, 108 patients with AHF who underwent RHC and CMR on the same day were prospectively included. PVR was assessed by CMR using the model: 19.38 - [4.62 x Ln mean pulmonary artery velocity - 0.08 x right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF)]. During RHC, PVR were calculated using the ratio between transpulmonary gradient and cardiac output. We evaluated their correlation using the Spearman correlation coefficient, receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curves, and Bland-Altman analysis. Results. The mean age of our cohort was 65 ± 11 years and 64.8% were male. The median PVR (Wood Units, WU) assessed by CMR and RHC were 5.1 WU (3.4 - 6.8) and 3 WU (1.5 - 3.9); p &lt; 0.001, respectively. A weak correlation was observed between the PVR obtained by RHC and those obtained by CMR in our population (r = 0.21; p = 0.02). On Bland-Altman analysis, the mean bias was -1.7, and the 95% limits of agreement ranged from -10.02 to 6.6 WU. The area under the ROC curve for PVR assessed by CMR to detect PVR ³3 WU was 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47-0.68. Conclusions. In patients with AHF, the non-invasive estimation of PVR using CMR shows poor accuracy, as well as a limited capacity to discriminate increased PVR values.

Relative validity and repeatability of a Zinc-FFQ for estimating intakes of Iron, Copper and selenium in Saudi adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alsufiani Hadeil M ◽  
Albar Salwa A ◽  
Al-shehri Aishah D ◽  
Al-Mufti Zain A ◽  
Aldhahri Rahaf S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Relative Validity ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated

Background: In Saudi Arabia, few studies have addressed iron, selenium and copper intake and status. Most studies of iron have focused on iron deficiency anemia rather than the intake of iron. Objective: To assess the relative validity and repeatability of a Zinc-Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for estimating the intakes of iron, copper and selenium in Saudi adults. Method: Ninety-seven Saudi adults were participated in this study. All participants completed the FFQ1 and a three-days (3d) Food Record (FR) to assess validity. After one month, the FFQ was administered again (FFQ2) to assess the repeatability. Results: Mean intakes of iron, copper and selenium estimated by FFQ1 were significantly higher than those from the 3d FR. Estimated intakes of iron and selenium by both methods were significantly correlated. The Bland-Altman analysis showed that the difference in iron intakes, as measured by the two methods, was similar across the range of intakes while the difference in copper and selenium intakes increased with an increase in the mean intake. No detectable differences were observed between FFQ1 and FFQ2 in estimating iron, copper and selenium intakes. For all nutrients, the intakes from both FFQs were highly correlated. Conclusion: The Zinc-FFQ showed reasonable relative validity and repeatability for estimating other micronutrients, such as iron, copper and selenium.

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