scholarly journals Antimicrobial Sensitivity Profile of Bacteria Isolated in Babitonga Bay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tereza Dalla Vecchia ◽  
Andréa Schneider ◽  
Paulo Henrique Condeixa de França ◽  
Regina Maria Miranda Gern
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Mangrove Sediment ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Microbial Identification ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile ◽  
Sensitivity Profile

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance is one of the main and growing public health concerns. However, the analysis of the expansion of this phenomenon in the environment is limited. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from Baía Babitonga. Isolation and identification of microorganisms were carried out from the mangrove sediment sample, collected at two sampling points in Baía Babitonga. Microbial identification analyzes demonstrated the presence of Gram-negative microorganisms, for which the antimicrobial susceptibility profile analysis showed the presence of resistance to Aztreonam, Ciprofloxacin, Cefuroxim, Nitrofurantoin, Meropenem, Tetracyclin, Cefotaxime, and Ceftazidime. For the identified Gram-positive microorganisms, the presence of resistance to Ampicillin and Clindamycin was evidenced. The genotypic investigation showed that the resistances found were not caused by the researched genes (blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaOXA-48-like, blaKPC, blaNDM-1, blaVIM e blaIMP).

scholarly journals Prevalence of nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandira Sarkar ◽  
Jagadananda Jena ◽  
Dipti Pattnaik ◽  
Bandana Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia Complex ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli (nonfermenters) have emerged as a major concern for nosocomial infections. They exhibit resistance not only to the beta-lactam and other group of antibiotics but also to carbapenems. This study was undertaken to know the prevalence of nonfermenters from clinical samples along with their antimicrobial susceptibility profile.Methods: A cross-sectional study over a period of 21 months in the microbiology laboratory of a tertiary care hospital was done. Clinical samples were processed by conventional bacteriological methods for isolation and identification. Susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute.Results: 411 nonfermenters (13.18%) were isolated from 3116 culture positive clinical samples. Out of these nonfermenters, most were Acinetobacter baumannii (51.34%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (42.09%), Burkholderia cepacia complex (4.38%) and others (2.19%). Others included Burkholderia pseudomellei, Acinetobacter lwoffii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Highest sensitivity to gentamicin and amikacin were shown by A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa respectively while both were mostly resistant to ceftriaxone. Burkholderia and Stenotrophomonas species showed 100% sensitivity to cotrimoxazole. A. baumannii was the most prevalent nonfermenter in intensive care units.Conclusions: Timely identification of nonfermenters and monitoring their susceptibility patterns will help in proper management of infections caused by them. Improved antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures should be implemented to prevent nosocomial infections and spread of drug resistant nonfermenters.

scholarly journals Study of Invasive Pneumococcal Infection in Adults with Reference to Penicillin Resistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 031-035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vrishali Avinash Muley ◽  
Dnyaneshwari Purushottam Ghadage ◽  
Gauri Eknath Yadav ◽  
Arvind Vamanrao Bhore
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Penicillin Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Infection

ABSTRACT Background: Invasive pneumococcal infections often prove rapidly fatal, even where good medical treatment is readily available. In developed countries, up to 20% of people who contract pneumococcal meningitis die; however, in developing world, mortality is closer to 50%, even among hospitalized patients. The World Health Organization estimated 600,000–800,000 adult deaths each year from pneumococcal pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. Aims: This study aims to estimate isolation rate of invasive pneumococcal infection in adults, to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae. isolates and to study the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 patients with suspected invasive infection such as meningitis, septicemia, and pleural effusion, were included in the study. Various clinical specimens such as pus, cerebrospinal fluid, and other sterile body fluids were processed for isolation and identification of S. pneumoniae. Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method was performed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile. Minimum inhibitory concentration test was performed to determine the penicillin resistance. Results: Of 120 patients, 40 (33.33%) cases were proven by culture to have an invasive pneumococcal infection. The most common clinical condition observed was meningitis followed by pneumonia with pleural effusion and sepsis. Pneumococcal isolates exhibited 40% resistance to cotrimoxazole and 12.73% to chloramphenicol. Two meningeal isolates exhibited penicillin resistance. Comorbidities observed in 21 (52.5%) cases were mainly Diabetes mellitus, smoking, and alcoholism. Conclusions: Invasive pneumococcal infection has poor prognosis and penicillin‑resistant strains have become increasingly common. This study emphasizes the importance of judicious use of antibiotics, especially to refrain their use in mild self-limiting upper respiratory infections.

scholarly journals Etiological Agents and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Hospitalized Children with Acute Pyelonephritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Filipa Flor-de-Lima ◽  
Tânia Martins ◽  
Ana Teixeira ◽  
Helena Pinto ◽  
Edgar Botelho-Moniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Acute Pyelonephritis ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Sensitivity Profile

<strong>Introduction:</strong> Antibiotic resistance driven by antibiotic use remains a major public health and professional concern. Our aim was to know the local prevalence of uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile in acute pyelonephritis.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> A prospective study of patients admitted in a level III Pediatric Department ward with acute pyelonephritis from 1994 to 2012 was performed in Northern Portugal. Etiological agents and their antimicrobial sensitivity profile were evaluated in four timed periods (G1: 1994-97; G2: 2002; G3: 2007; G4: 2012).<br /><strong>Results:</strong> We evaluated 581 patients, 66% female with median age 22 months. Escherichia coli was the leading uropathogen and its prevalence remained stable during the last 18 years. It showed an increased sensitivity to amoxicillin-clavulanate from 71% in G1 to 81.5% in G4 (p = 0.001) and a decreased resistance rate from 8.7% in G1 to 2.8% in G4 (p = 0.008). Its sensitivity to 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporin was more than 90% (p = ns) and more than 95% to nitrofurantoin (p = ns). Resistance rate of cotrimoxazole increased from 22% to 26% (p = 0.008).<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> Escherichia coli remains the main uropathogen responsible for acute pyelonephritis, reason why its antimicrobial sensitivity profile will determine the empirical therapeutic choice.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Amoxicillin-clavulanate remains a good first-line choice for empirical treatment of acute pyelonephritis in our inpatient health care.<br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Pyelonephritis.<br /><br />

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile Analysis of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O1 from Stool Samples of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ekhlas Uddin ◽  
Tanzina Akter ◽  
Papia Sultana ◽  
Papia Sultana ◽  
Md. Ikramul Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile ◽  
Stool Samples

Rapid Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Gram Negative Bacteria Detected in Positive Blood Culture Bottles

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevine Nabil Kassem ◽  
Hala Mahmoud Hafez ◽  
Dalia H Abdelhamid ◽  
Ola Ali Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Positive Blood Culture ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile ◽  
Direct Primary

Abstract Background Blood stream infection (BSI) is one of the most serious situations in infectious disease .Accurate and timely identification of the causative agent and determination of its antimicrobial susceptibility profile are essential for guiding targeted and effective antimicrobial treatment. Current methods involve culturing of blood in a liquid medium and subsequently subculturing of signal positive bottles on solid media in order to obtain isolated colonies that can be further used in identification and susceptibility testing of the isolates. The standard method requires additional 48-72hours following the appearance of a positive signal in order to provide a reliable patient report. On the other hand, rapid identification of the causative agent and determination of its susceptibility profile by direct inoculation of the biochemical test media with the blood-broth mixtures from signal positive bottles and performing primary susceptibility testing might help reducing the time needed for provision of results compared to the standard isolated-colony based method and hence would help the rapid initiation of effective and targeted antimicrobial therapy and reduce the bacteremia-related morbidity and mortality. Objective The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy and precision of the non-standard methods (direct identification and susceptibility testing using the blood/broth mixture) by comparing its results to those of the standard isolate-based identification and susceptibility testing methods. Material and method The study included 52 signal blood culture bottles yielding gram negative isolates. Bottles were selected amongst blood culture bottles submitted to the Main Microbiology laboratory, Ain Shams University hospital, for culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing during the period between May 2018 and October 2018. a portion of the blood-broth mixture was aspirated from positive blood culture bottles, after being well mixed, and was subcultured onto agar media for the isolation of the causative agent and subsequently determination of its antimicrobial susceptibility profile was performed. Another part of the aspirated blood-broth mixture was diluted with sterile saline, its turbidity was adjusted against a 0.5McFarland standard and was used to inoculate directly the biochemical test media panel used for the identification of gram negative organisms as well as to perform direct (primary) antimicrobial susceptibility. Results The present study revealed there was 100% categorical agreement between the results of the direct biochemical inoculation method and those of the standard isolate-based inoculation method regarding the identification of the causative agent. The results of the direct biochemical identification method were also consistent giving rise to a 100% withinrun precision categorical agreement and a 100% between-run precision categorical agreement. The overall categorical agreement between the results of the standard isolate-based AST method and the results of the direct (primary susceptibility) AST method was 96.3% for the signal blood culture media. The major error rate was 0.5% whereas the minor error rate was 3.3% . Consistent results were also obtained for the AST done directly from the signal blood culture bottles since the between-run and within-run precision categorical agreement were 96.3% and 98.6%, respectively. Conclusion the overall performance of the AST done directly from positive blood culture bottles fulfilled the acceptable performance criteria specified in the Cumitech 31A so the direct method can be used for the earlier determination of AST and identification of Gram negative bacteria and thus to reduce the time for early initiation of appropriate antibiotic

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