scholarly journals Study of Invasive Pneumococcal Infection in Adults with Reference to Penicillin Resistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 031-035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vrishali Avinash Muley ◽  
Dnyaneshwari Purushottam Ghadage ◽  
Gauri Eknath Yadav ◽  
Arvind Vamanrao Bhore
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Penicillin Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Infection

ABSTRACT Background: Invasive pneumococcal infections often prove rapidly fatal, even where good medical treatment is readily available. In developed countries, up to 20% of people who contract pneumococcal meningitis die; however, in developing world, mortality is closer to 50%, even among hospitalized patients. The World Health Organization estimated 600,000–800,000 adult deaths each year from pneumococcal pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. Aims: This study aims to estimate isolation rate of invasive pneumococcal infection in adults, to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae. isolates and to study the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 patients with suspected invasive infection such as meningitis, septicemia, and pleural effusion, were included in the study. Various clinical specimens such as pus, cerebrospinal fluid, and other sterile body fluids were processed for isolation and identification of S. pneumoniae. Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method was performed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile. Minimum inhibitory concentration test was performed to determine the penicillin resistance. Results: Of 120 patients, 40 (33.33%) cases were proven by culture to have an invasive pneumococcal infection. The most common clinical condition observed was meningitis followed by pneumonia with pleural effusion and sepsis. Pneumococcal isolates exhibited 40% resistance to cotrimoxazole and 12.73% to chloramphenicol. Two meningeal isolates exhibited penicillin resistance. Comorbidities observed in 21 (52.5%) cases were mainly Diabetes mellitus, smoking, and alcoholism. Conclusions: Invasive pneumococcal infection has poor prognosis and penicillin‑resistant strains have become increasingly common. This study emphasizes the importance of judicious use of antibiotics, especially to refrain their use in mild self-limiting upper respiratory infections.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antibiogram of Nontyphoidal Salmonella from Beef in Ambo and Holeta Towns, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin ◽  
Gezahegn Tafesse Soboka ◽  
Bizunesh Mideksa Borana ◽  
Lencho Megersa Marami ◽  
Edilu Jorga Sarba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin

Background. Salmonella has been recognized as a major cause of food-borne illness associated with the consumption of food of animal origin. The present cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2017 to May 2018 in Ambo and Holeta towns to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates from raw beef samples from abattoirs, butchers, and restaurants in Ambo and Holeta towns, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Methods. A total of 354 beef samples were collected from abattoirs, butchers, and restaurants. Salmonella isolation and identification were carried out using standard bacteriological methods recommended by the International Organization for Standardization. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. Besides, a structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data and potential risk factors for contamination of meat. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used for data analyses. Results. Of the total 354 meat samples examined, 20 (5.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.5–8.6) were positive for Salmonella. Two serotypes belonging to S. typhimurium (11 isolates) and I:4,5,12: i:- (9 isolates) were identified. The Salmonella detection rate in abattoirs, butchers, and restaurants was 4.2% (5/118), 8.5% (10/118), and 4.2% (5/118), respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that 40%, 30%, and 20% of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to azithromycin, amoxicillin, and ceftriaxone, respectively. The odds of Salmonella isolation when meat handlers are illiterate were 7.8 times higher than those when they are educated to the level of secondary and above ( P = 0.032 ). Similarly, the likelihood of Salmonella isolation was 6.3 and 7.6 times higher among workers of butcher and restaurants, respectively, who had no training ( P = 0.003 ) and no knowledge ( P = 0.010 ) on food safety and hygiene. Conclusions. The study showed widespread multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates in the study areas. Therefore, raw meat consumption and indiscriminate use of antimicrobial drugs should be discouraged. Provision of food safety education for meat handlers and further surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant isolates are suggested.

Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility ofbacterial agents of canine pyometra

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afrim Hamidi ◽  
Driton Sylejmani ◽  
Avni Robaj
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Small Female ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of pyometra in bitches and isolation of bacteria involved and determination of their antimicrobial susceptibility. For this purpose from March 2013 to February 2015, 230 bitches of different breeds and ages have been examined. Diagnosis was based on anamnesis, clinical signs, hematology, radiography and ultrasound. The isolation and identification of bacteria in pyometra was carried out using ISO-methods and the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates using the disk diffusion method. Canine pyometra was found more in bitches between 9-12 years old 10 cases (52.63%), and the most common dog affected breeds were small female dogs breed. The most common isolated pathogens from canine pyometra were; Escherichia coli (63.1%), Streptococcus pyogenes., (15.8%), Staphylococcus intermedius., (10.5%) and, Pseudomonas aeruginosa., (5.3%). Regarding AMR (antimicrobial resistance) Penicilin G and Ampicillin showed a very high resistance, indicating for acquired resistance due to improper und uncontrolled use.

scholarly journals Prevalence of nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandira Sarkar ◽  
Jagadananda Jena ◽  
Dipti Pattnaik ◽  
Bandana Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia Complex ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli (nonfermenters) have emerged as a major concern for nosocomial infections. They exhibit resistance not only to the beta-lactam and other group of antibiotics but also to carbapenems. This study was undertaken to know the prevalence of nonfermenters from clinical samples along with their antimicrobial susceptibility profile.Methods: A cross-sectional study over a period of 21 months in the microbiology laboratory of a tertiary care hospital was done. Clinical samples were processed by conventional bacteriological methods for isolation and identification. Susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute.Results: 411 nonfermenters (13.18%) were isolated from 3116 culture positive clinical samples. Out of these nonfermenters, most were Acinetobacter baumannii (51.34%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (42.09%), Burkholderia cepacia complex (4.38%) and others (2.19%). Others included Burkholderia pseudomellei, Acinetobacter lwoffii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Highest sensitivity to gentamicin and amikacin were shown by A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa respectively while both were mostly resistant to ceftriaxone. Burkholderia and Stenotrophomonas species showed 100% sensitivity to cotrimoxazole. A. baumannii was the most prevalent nonfermenter in intensive care units.Conclusions: Timely identification of nonfermenters and monitoring their susceptibility patterns will help in proper management of infections caused by them. Improved antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures should be implemented to prevent nosocomial infections and spread of drug resistant nonfermenters.

Invasive Streptococcus Pneumoniae Infections in Pediatric Cancer Patients: High Morbidity and Mortality with Several Vaccine Failures.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3321-3321
Author(s):  
Lynn Weber ◽  
Charlet A. Allen ◽  
Patricia Ackerman ◽  
Yoav Messinger
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Pediatric Oncology ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Infection

Abstract Invasive pneumococcal infections can be devastating in the setting of immune deficiency. These infections have been seen in pediatric oncology practices, but the outcome has not been reported. With the introduction of routine 7- valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) the rate of pneumococcal infections dramatically decreased in the general pediatric population. It is unclear if a similar reduction in rate would be seen in pediatric oncology patients. A total of 44 pneumococcal infections occurred in 34 oncology patients at Childrens Hospital and Clinics of Minnesota over a 5-year period (5/1/2001 – 4/30/2006). Twenty-five episodes of invasive infection were identified in 24 patients, of which 4 (16.7%) required intensive care admissions and 2 of them died (8.3%). During this period 863 new malignancies were diagnosed, therefore our rate of invasive infection is estimated to be 28 per 1000 oncology patients. This is higher than the reported rate of 3.8 8.1 infections per 1000 stem cell transplantation patients. Fifteen patients (62%) with invasive infections were diagnosed with leukemia, of which 12 had acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The invasive infections occurred a median of 15.2 months (range 0–36) after diagnosis and the median patient age at time of infection was 5.6 years (range 1.5 - 14). The average length of hospitalization for patients was 8.3 days (range 0–38), with six patients receiving outpatient therapy alone. Pneumococcal serotypes were known in 21 of the 25 episodes of invasive pneumococcal infection and in 1 non-invasive infection. Of the 22 serotypes identified, 19 were covered by either PCV7 or the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PS23). Eleven patients who were immunized with either PCV7 or PS23 later developed a pneumococcal strain that should have been covered by the immunization. Three patients who received immunization acquired a strain of streptococcus pneumoniae not included in either vaccine. Invasive pneumococcal infection is a potentially preventable complication with a high morbidity and mortality. Use of PCV7 or PS23 may not prevent the development of pneumococcal infection in pediatric oncology patients with vaccine-susceptible strains. It is unclear whether immunization before and during the immunocompromised period results in protective immunity against streptococcus pneumoniae.

scholarly journals Determination of antibiotics susceptibility profile of Shigella species isolated from children with acute diarrhea

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 054-058
Author(s):  
Ali Muhammad ◽  
Diso Sani U ◽  
Abdullah Muhammad S ◽  
Mu’azu Lurwan ◽  
Nas Farouk S
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shigella Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility

Diarrheal diseases continue to be the major cause of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years. This study aimed to isolate, identify and determining the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Shigella sp associated with acute diarrhea among children in Kano, Northern Nigeria. A cross sectional study was conducted among children less than 5 years diagnosed with acute diarrhea and admitted to paediatric ward of Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital Kano. Stool samples from a total of 37 (20 male and 17 female) subjects were used to isolate and identified the pathogen. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using disc diffusion method. The result showed 12 out of 37 samples were positive for Shigella sp which accounted for 32.4%. Higher incidence of Shigella sp was found among subjects of age between 2 – 3 years. The isolates were 100% resistant to Ampicillin. High resistance was also observed in Amoxicillin (83.33%), Chloramphenicol (58.33%) and Tetracycline (25%). The isolates are 100% sensitive to ciprofloxacin, 66.7% to Levofloxacin and Gentamicin each and 58.33% to Erythromycin. Three (3) isolates were resistance to Ampicillin and Amoxicillin, 5 isolates were resistance to Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol and Amoxicillin while 2 isolates were resistance to Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline and Amoxicillin. It is concluded that Shigella sp is one of the etiological agent of diarrhea in children. Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and Gentamicin are drugs of choice for treating diarrhea caused by Shigella sp.

scholarly journals PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS : REPORT OF A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY

2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (143) ◽  
pp. 397-400
Author(s):  
Basudha Koirala ◽  
S K Sharma ◽  
M Deb ◽  
S K Bhatttacharya
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Corneal Ulcers ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Infection

Seventy-one isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were obtained from various clinicalspecimens of sixty-six patients. Type of pneumococcal infections varied in differentage groups. Major brunt of the invasive pneumococcal infection was borne by infantsand children. Isolates from infected corneal ulcers were relatively resistant toantimicrobials including penicillin, as compared to those isolated from normallysterile body sites.Key Words: Pneumoccoccal infection, antimicrobial susceptibility, Eastern Nepal.

scholarly journals Isolation and phenotypic characterization of Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica from a hen with hemorrhagic ooforitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 3090-3094
Author(s):  
IONUT SORESCU ◽  
LUMINITA MARIA ROMASCU ◽  
MARIA IONESCU ◽  
ANDREI POPOVICI ◽  
COSTIN STOICA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
On Line ◽  
Standard Disk ◽  
Online Software

Objective: the isolation and phenotypically identification of a Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica strain from a hen with hemorrhagic ooforitis; the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of this isolate. Methods and results: a strain of G. anatis biovar haemolytica, was isolated and phenotypic identified by morphological, cultural and biochemical characters examination, with API 20 E, API 20 NE, API STAPH, API ZYM tests and ABIS online software. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolate was performed using the standard disk diffusion method. Conclusions: a strain of G. anatis biovar haemolytica was isolated and phenotypically identified from a hen. From our knowledge, this is the first reporting in Romania of isolation and identification of G. anatis biovar haemolytica. The Gah IDSA 161 strain could be phenotypic identified only by ABIS on line software, Pasteurellaceae Database version, unifying the results of four API kits and other biochemical tests. The isolate showed a multi-drug resistant profile to tetracyclines (tetracycline, oxitetracycline, doxicyclin), floroquinolones (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin), ampicillin, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, clindamycin, and it was susceptible to sulfonamide, sulfomethoxazole/trimethoprim, gentamicin, cephalothin, streptomycin, amoxicilin/clavulanic acid.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Isolated From Local Yoghurt Hawked in Gombe Metropolis, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Hamza A. J. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were formally believed to be non-pathogenic but recent studies have implicated them as agents of some diseases. This study was designed to investigate the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of CoNS isolated from local yoghurt hawked in Gombe metropolis, Nigerian. A total of 177 local yoghurt samples from Gombe metropolis were investigated for the presence of CoNS using standard microbiological methods and confirm using Microgen Staph ID kit. The antibiotics susceptibility profile of the confirmed isolates was determined using disc diffusion method. Out of the 177 yoghurt samples, a total 24 (13.56%) were identified as CoNS which include: S. chromogenes 11(45.83%), S. haemolyticus 5(20.83), S. hominis 3(12.50%), S. warneri 3(12.50%), S. cohnis 1(4.17%) and S. ciuri 1(4.17%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that the isolates were highly resistant to ampicilin (75%) and cefoxitin (54.2%) but very sensitive to gentamicin (100%), vancomycin (95%) and chloramphenicol (100%). The study reveals the presence of CoNS in the study area that are highly resistant to conventional antibiotics. Thus, to ensure public health safety and to avoid transmission of drug resistant bacteria, there is the need to educate yoghurt producers, vendors and consumers on the importance of food safety by the relevant authorities. Keywords: Coagulase negative staphylococci, Local yoghurt, Antimicrobial Resistance

scholarly journals Bacterial agents isolated from cultured marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus, Pallas 1771)

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Gülşah Dökenel ◽  
Selmin Özer
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Marsh Frog ◽  
Pelophylax Ridibundus ◽  
Water Feed ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic ◽  
Feed Samples

Marsh frogs (Pelophylax ridibundus) are preferred in European cuisine. In recent years, interest in farming of marsh frogs has increased, but little is known about their bacterial diseases. This research was carried out in a marsh frog farming operation in Mersin, Turkey, in order to determine the bacterial diversity. For this purpose, a total of 339 frog, 30 water, and 8 feed samples were collected. Isolation and identification of bacteria were carried out by conventional techniques and the VITEK-2 compact system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. A total of 239 isolates of 49 different species, including 31 Gram negative rod-shaped bacteria, 9 Gram positive rod-shaped sporeforming bacteria, and 9 Gram positive cocci-shaped non-sporeforming bacteria have been identified. These bacteria species were detected from 25 (83.3%) water, 5 (62.5%) feed samples, and 64 (84.2%) of 76 frog specimens. Antimicrobial susceptibility and MAR index values ranged between 1.4-95.8% and 0.13-0.73, respectively. In conclusion, the presence of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in water, feed and frog specimens, which could pose risk for frogs and human health, have been detected in the marsh frog farm in Mersin. This study reveals, that further investigations are necessary for sustainable marsh frog breeding in Turkey.

scholarly journals Clinical and bacteriological examinations of dogs with tonsillitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
D. Sylejmani ◽  
I. Miftari ◽  
A. Hamidi ◽  
A. Robaj
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of tonsillitis in dogs and isolation of bacteria involved as well as their antimicrobial susceptibility. For this purpose from June 2015 to August 2017, 12 clinical cases of dogs with tonsillitis have been examined, and a total of 24 samples were collected. Diagnosis was based on anamnesis, clinical signs, haematology and biochemical tests and bacteriological analyses. The isolation and identification of bacteria was carried out according to conventional microbiological methods and biochemical tests, while the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates was tested using the disk diffusion method. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated bacteria with isolation rate 35.0%, followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (27.50%), Staphylococcus aureus (20%), Staphylococcus intermedius (10%) and Pasteurella spp. (7.5%). A high resistance to ampicillin, streptomicin and penicillin G was shown by E. coli, S. intermedius, S. pyogenes isolates. None of S. pyogenes, S. aureus, S. intermedius and Pasteurella spp., isolates was resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.

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