scholarly journals Etiological Agents and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Hospitalized Children with Acute Pyelonephritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Filipa Flor-de-Lima ◽  
Tânia Martins ◽  
Ana Teixeira ◽  
Helena Pinto ◽  
Edgar Botelho-Moniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Acute Pyelonephritis ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Sensitivity Profile

<strong>Introduction:</strong> Antibiotic resistance driven by antibiotic use remains a major public health and professional concern. Our aim was to know the local prevalence of uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile in acute pyelonephritis.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> A prospective study of patients admitted in a level III Pediatric Department ward with acute pyelonephritis from 1994 to 2012 was performed in Northern Portugal. Etiological agents and their antimicrobial sensitivity profile were evaluated in four timed periods (G1: 1994-97; G2: 2002; G3: 2007; G4: 2012).<br /><strong>Results:</strong> We evaluated 581 patients, 66% female with median age 22 months. Escherichia coli was the leading uropathogen and its prevalence remained stable during the last 18 years. It showed an increased sensitivity to amoxicillin-clavulanate from 71% in G1 to 81.5% in G4 (p = 0.001) and a decreased resistance rate from 8.7% in G1 to 2.8% in G4 (p = 0.008). Its sensitivity to 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporin was more than 90% (p = ns) and more than 95% to nitrofurantoin (p = ns). Resistance rate of cotrimoxazole increased from 22% to 26% (p = 0.008).<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> Escherichia coli remains the main uropathogen responsible for acute pyelonephritis, reason why its antimicrobial sensitivity profile will determine the empirical therapeutic choice.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Amoxicillin-clavulanate remains a good first-line choice for empirical treatment of acute pyelonephritis in our inpatient health care.<br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Pyelonephritis.<br /><br />

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Different Clinical Isolates against Third-Generation Cephalosporins

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanta Gashe ◽  
Eshetu Mulisa ◽  
Mekidim Mekonnen ◽  
Gemechu Zeleke
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Jimma University

Background. Drug resistant microorganisms lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality as they boost the risk of inappropriate therapy. Hence, data on antimicrobial resistance help define the best possible treatment for individual patients. Therefore, this study aimed to screen the antimicrobial resistant profile of 3rd generation cephalosporin drugs in Jimma University Specialized Teaching Hospital. Methods. A hospital based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH) from April to August 2016. The clinical samples such as wound swab, urine, sputum, and stool were collected from hospitalized patients. Then, bacterial species were isolated and identified as per the standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out using various antimicrobial discs by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Results. Totally, 248 bacterial isolates were obtained from 154 (62.1%) male and 94 (37.9%) female patients. Escherichia coli (25.4%) and Staphylococcus aureus (19.0 %) were the predominant organisms isolated from specimens. About 140 (56.5%) and 149 (60.1%) of the total bacterial isolates were found to be resistant to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime, respectively. The majority of Escherichia coli isolates 46 (73%) were resistant to ceftriaxone and 41 (65%) of them were resistant to ceftazidime. Staphylococcus aureus, which accounted 19% of the total bacterial isolates, showed 23.4% and 34% resistance to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime, respectively. Among the bacterial strains revealing resistant to ceftriazone and ceftazidime, about 109 (44%) and 108 (43.5%) of them were resistant to two, three, or four other drugs, respectively. Conclusion. Bacterial resistance towards third-generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone and ceftazidime) is escalating as more than half of the isolated strains demonstrated resistance to these drugs. Moreover, these strains also revealed multidrug resistance mainly against clinically used drugs which could render therapy unsuccessful. Therefore, in clinical use appropriate medications should be selected based on the data obtained from antimicrobial susceptibility tests.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli from Various Clinical Samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. IDRT.S13820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Amit Kumar Singh ◽  
Mohammad Rashid Ali ◽  
Yogesh Chander
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli has tremendously increased worldwide and it is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality associated with hospital-acquired infections. This could be attributed to association of multi drug resistance in ESBL producing isolates. The present study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity profile of ESBL producing E. coli isolates from various clinical samples. Materials and Methods Clinical samples, which consist of pus, urine, blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), stool, sputum, swabs, and different body fluids, are included in the study. Samples were processed and identified as per routine laboratory protocol. ESBL screening and confirmation along with antimicrobial susceptibility test was done according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results Out of 180 third generation cephalosporins resistant E. coli, 100 (55.55%) isolates were ESBL producers showing a greater degree of resistance to antibiotics. Conclusion The prevalence of ESBL is increasing day by day in nearly every center of different countries and necessary steps to prevent the spread and emergence of resistance should be taken.

scholarly journals Sphingomonas paucimobilis bacteremia from multiple clinical samples in a nosocomial infection in Erbil City

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allaa Aldilemi ◽  
Fattma A. Ali ◽  
. Susan F. Kh. AlSudani ◽  
Payam A. Othman ◽  
Bnar H. Nuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Sphingomonas Paucimobilis ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background:  Sphingomonas paucimobilis is a gram-negative pathogen that causes urinary tract infections, diarrhea, septicemia, and wound infections. Due to the spread of patients with high mortality but low mortality in Sphingomonas paucimobilis, it has been isolated from different clinical samples and is increasing antibiotic resistance all over the world.   Objectives: The aim of our research was to look at the epidemiology, antibiotic susceptibility series, and pathogenic potential of clinical samples from Erbil's Rizgary and Raparin hospitals.   Materials and Methods: A total of 2582 samples were reviewed from different clinical samples from Rizgary Hospital and Raparin Hospital from male and female, we found 24 Sphingomonas paucimobilis isolates, identified by using microscopical, morphological, biochemical tests and Vitek2 compact system according to the standard protocol against Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Cefazolin, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime, Imipenem, Tobramycin, Ciprofloxacin, Lev- ofloxacin, Trimethoprim. using Vitek 2 compact system. Results: 24 total positive results of Sphingomonas paucimobilis isolated from 2582 different clinical specimens the highest percentage of Sphingomonas paucimobilis was isolated from female samples (65%) while from male (35%) wen performing antibiotic susceptibility the highest resistance rate was Trimethoprim (66.66%), followed by To bramycin (50%), Ciprofloxacin (50%) and Levofloxacin (41.66%), respectively in contrast the highest effective antibiotic against Sphingomonas paucimobilis was Cefepime (75%), Imipenem (75%), followed by Ceftriaxone (66.66%), Ceftazidime (66.66%), Cefazolin (66.66%), Ampicillin/Sulbactam (66.66%) Conclusion: Morbidity attribute to antibiotic resistance to third generation cephalosporin resistant, Sphingomonas paucimobilis resistant is significant, if prevailing resistance trends continue, high societal and economic costs can be expected. Better management of antibiotic use, and infection control is needed to avoid infections that caused by drug resistant pathogens like Sphingomonas paucimobilis.  

scholarly journals Assessing antimicrobial resistance, utilization and stewardship in Yemen: An exploratory mixed-methods study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ESF Orubu ◽  
A Najwa ◽  
C Ching ◽  
S Bu Jawdeh ◽  
J Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Current Status ◽  
War Wounds ◽  
Low Income Country ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Important Solution ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR), largely driven by irrational use of antimicrobials, is a global, multi-faceted problem calling for a complete understanding of all contributory factors for effective containment. In conflict settings, war-wounds and malnutrition can combine with existing social determinants to increase demand for antibiotics, compounding irrational use. In this study, we focus on Yemen, a low-income country with active conflict for the last five years, and analyze the current status of awareness and stewardship efforts regarding AMR. We performed a survey of prescribers/physicians and pharmacists to describe perceptions of AMR prevalence, antibiotic use practices and stewardship in Yemen, supported by a non-systematic scoping literature review and a key informant interview. Participants (96%, n=57) reported a perceived high AMR prevalence rate. Prescribers (74%, 20/27) reported pressure to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics. In the majority of cases (81%, 22/27), Antimicrobial Sensitivity Tests (AST) were not performed to inform antibiotic choice. The main barrier to AST was cost. Most pharmacists (67%, 18/27) sold antibiotics without prescriptions. Amoxicillin (including amoxicillin-clavulanate) was the most-commonly prescribed (63%, 17/27) or dispensed (82%, 22/27) antibiotic. AST was rated the least important solution to AMR in Yemen. While there was awareness of a high AMR rate, stewardship is poor in Yemen. We note that barriers to the use of AST could be addressed through the deployment of low-cost AST kits. Compulsory continuing education emphasizing the use of AST to guide prescribing and patients’ awareness programs could help avoid irrational use.

scholarly journals Cultivation of bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in canine periapical tooth abscesses

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-524
Author(s):  
Natcha Chawnan ◽  
◽  
Kannika Na Lampang ◽  
Raktham Mektrirat ◽  
Nattakarn Awaiwanont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Dental Surgery ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

This research aimed to assess the occurrence of bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance in dogs presenting with canine periapical tooth abscesses. Sample swabs were performed on 45 dogs who had undergone dental surgery between January 2019 and August 2020 at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chiang Mai University. Samples were analyzed within 24 hours at Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Chiang Mai University to identify any bacterial species and to investigate their potential antimicrobial susceptibility according to CLSI guidelines. A high proportion of gram-negative and facultative species were identified. Out of the 17 species obtained, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (34.6 %) was determined to be the predominant species followed by Escherichia coli (15.4%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.5%), respectively. P. aeruginosa was highly resistant (100.0%) to ampicillin and clindamycin, while E. coli and K. pneumoniae were found to be highly resistant (100.0%) to clindamycin in terms of antimicrobial susceptibility. However, E. coli was more resistant to enrofloxacin, gentamicin, and norfloxacin than K. pneumoniae. When focusing on the resistance rates of all species, clindamycin exhibited the highest degree of resistance, followed by ampicillin and amoxicillin, respectively. Amoxicillin-clavulanate is an empirical antibiotic in our area that has exhibited a resistance rate of 48.7%. The outcomes of our study have suggested that fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside could be used to treat canine periapical tooth abscesses. However, the renal effect of these drugs must be considered. Importantly, antibiotic selection must depend upon the results of bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility tests in order to reduce any potential antimicrobial resistance issues.

scholarly journals In-vivo evaluation of pathogenicity and antimicrobial profile susceptibility from Escherichia coli samples isolated from commercial layer hens

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabete Aparecida Lopes Guastalli ◽  
Marcos Roberto Buim ◽  
Bruno Henrique Lopes Guastalli ◽  
Fernando Antonio de Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Layer Hens

ABSTRACT: Antimicrobial sensitivity and pathogenicity level of 90 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from livers and intestines from commercial layer hens presenting diarrhea were analyzed. To evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility, all samples were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using 11 commercial drugs. The results have showed none of the strains was susceptible to all antibiotics tested. All samples showed resistance to two or more drugs. According to the mortality rate of the birds, the in-vivo pathogenicity test classifies the strains into four classes: high, intermediate, low and nonpathogenic. The test has showed 23 (25.5%) of the samples were highly pathogenic, 21 (23.3%) of intermediate pathogenicity, 23 (25.5%) low pathogenic, and 23 (25.5%) non-pathogenic. When the results of the classes of pathogenicity from isolates have been associated with antimicrobial susceptibility, nonpathogenic strains were less sensitive to the antibiotic ampicillin and increased sensitive to streptomycin antimicrobial compared to the others classes of pathogenic. Nonpathogenic strains showed resistance to many antimicrobials, an alert for poultry, since these bacteria might acquire the virulence genes and infect birds, others animals and even human beings.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Uropathogens in Patients with the Community- and Hospital-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections at a Tertiary Hospital in Somalia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdikarim Hussein Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed Farah Yusuf Mohamud ◽  
Hussein Ali Mohamud
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Rate ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infections in the community and in hospitalized patients. Objectives: To investigate the epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of uropathogens and determine the appropriate empirical antibiotics to treat UTIs in the community and hospitalized patients. Methods: A total of 2,485 urine cultures were performed at Mogadishu Somali Turkish Training and Research Hospital. Through the standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and commercial disks, antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance were studied based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) system using Mueller-Hinton agar. The identification of the microorganisms was done using eosin methylene blue agar and blood agar. Results: Escherichia coli was the most predominant pathogen (63.4%) in all age groups, both genders, and in the community and hospital-acquired UTIs, followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (13.3%). Ceftriaxone, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, cefuroxime, and cefixime revealed the highest resistance level (82-100%) against uropathogens. Ciprofloxacin (67.7%) and levofloxacin (54.2%) showed increasing resistance rates against uropathogens. Tigecycline, colimycin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin exhibited the most powerful sensitivity rate (100%). Moreover, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, and amikacin manifested a significant sensitivity rate ranging from 86% - 95%. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most prevalent pathogen that belonged to multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant patterns in 69.1% of the samples. Escherichia coli and K. pneumonia showed similar multidrug-resistant patterns in 35.2% of the cases. Conclusions: The results indicated increased trends of antimicrobial resistance rate in trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (85.1%) and fluoroquinolones (61%) against E. coli that was higher than the recommended local resistance rate for empirical therapy (< 20% and < 10%, respectively). According to the results, using fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin are suggested for UTI empiric treatment, and other antibiotics should be prescribed carefully.

Study of Bacterial Pathogens in Urinary Tract Infection and their Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Rezina Parveen ◽  
Ina Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Patient Department

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in Bangladesh. Antimicrobial agents are used for its treatment. The increase in antibiotic resistance among uropathogens is a global problem.Objective: This study was designed to find out the prevalence of UTI, its causative agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among suspected patients of UTI attending Dhaka Dental College Hospital, Dhaka.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Dhaka Dental College Hospital, Dhaka during the period of November 2014 to May 2017. Clinically diagnosed cases of UTI irrespective of age and sex from out-patient department and in-patient department were selected for the purpose of the study. For culture, the urine samples were inoculated on 5% sheep blood agar and MacConkey’s agar media using calibrated loop following standard bacteriological technique. After the incubation period, the plate were examined for bacterial pathogen. The disk diffusion method (Kirby Bauer’s) was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates. Standard inoculums were inoculated on Mueller-Hinton agar and incubated at 37oC for 24 hours.Result: Ninety three urine samples were studied. Among the 93 samples most of them were in the age group of 21 to 30 years. Out of 93 samples, 26 (27.95%) samples were found culture positive. Escherichia coli (92.30%) was found to be the predominant organism.  Regarding antimicrobial sensitivity pattern Esch. coli was found to be most sensitive to Imipenem (100%), Amikacin (87.5%), and Nitrofurantoin (83.33%).Conclusion: In conclusion young aged female are commonly suffering from UTI and Escherichia coli is the most common isolated bacteria.Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2017;4(2):40-44

scholarly journals Bacterial Strains and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Male Urinary Tract Infections in Duhok Province, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Abdulqader Naqid ◽  
Amer A Balatay ◽  
Nawfal Rasheed Hussein ◽  
Hiba Abdulaziz Ahmed ◽  
Kurdistan Abdullah Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases at the community level, worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the main pathogens responsible for male UTI in the community. Methods: Urine samples were collected from 211 subjects with UTI between January 2017 and February 2020. The samples were inoculated directly on MacConkey and Blood agar and then incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Samples with a colony count of ≥ 105 CFU/mL bacteria were considered positive. Bacterial colonies were determined by standard culture and biochemical characteristics, and their susceptibility to different antibiotics was identified by the Vitek-2 compact equipment. Results: The vast majority of the bacteria were Gram-negative (170 [80.6%]), while 41 (19.4%) of them were Gram-positive. The highest infection was by Escherichia coli (52.6%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.2%). Staphylococcus spp. were the most common Gram-positive bacteria (13.8%). The highest susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates was found to imipenem (96.4%), and the highest resistance rate was to ampicillin (96.4%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to all commonly used antibiotics, and around 86% was susceptible to ertapenem (86.7%). It was also found that Staphylococcus strains were resistant to benzylpenicillin (100%) and sensitive to linezolid (100%), tigecycline (100%), and nitrofurantoin (100%). Conclusions: E. coli isolates were the most frequent pathogens causing UTI in males, followed by P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus spp. The vast majority of isolates were resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics such as ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cefepime, benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, and erythromycin. This is an alarming situation, and an urgent plan to control antibacterial resistance is required in the region.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document