scholarly journals Microbial and Molecular Differences According To The Location of Head and Neck Cancers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Kyeong Kim ◽  
Eun Jung Kwon ◽  
Yeuni Yu ◽  
Jayoung Kim ◽  
Soo-Yeon Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Infection Pathways ◽  
Tcga Dataset ◽  
Focal Adhesion Pathway

Abstract Background Microbiome has been shown to substantially contribute to some cancers. However, the diagnostic implications of microbiome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain unknown. Here, we report for the first time, the molecular difference in the microbiome of oral and non-oral HNSCC. Methods Primary data was downloaded from the Kraken-TCGA dataset. The molecular differences in the microbiome of oral and non-oral HNSCC were identified using the linear discriminant analysis effect size method. Using phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUST) and ANOVA-like differential expression (ALDEx2), we predicted bacterial metabolic contributions of oral rich and non-oral rich bacteria, common rich bacteria in two groups and their pathways. A Correlation analysis was performed between RNA expression data and common bacteria data and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed using correlated genes. Finally, to find out unique microbial signatures, we performed Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and Gene ontology (GO) analysis using the PPI results. Results The common microbiomes in oral and non-oral cancers were Fusobacterium, Treponema, and Selenomonas and Clostridium and Massilia, respectively. We found unique microbial signatures that positively and negatively correlated with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in oral cancer and negatively correlated KEGG pathways in non-oral cancer. In oral cancer, positively correlated genes were mostly found in bacterial infection pathways, while negative correlated genes were involved in HTLV-I infection, signal transduction, cell adhesion, and cancer-associated pathway. In non-oral cancer, positively correlated genes did not show any significant results, and negatively correlated genes showed results from focal adhesion pathway and regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathway. Conclusions These results could help in understanding the underlying biological mechanisms of the microbiome of oral and non-oral HNSCC. Microbiome-based oncology diagnostic tool warrants further exploration.

scholarly journals Oral Cancer: Epidemiology, Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Khani Jeihooni ◽  
Fatemeh Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Two Factors

One of the most common types of cancer is head and neck cancer. Head and neck cancers are the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the most common cancer in developing countries. Oral cancer, which is a subset of head and neck cancers, refers to any cancerous growth in the oral cavity. Risk factors for oral cancer include age, malnutrition, genetic factors, family history, X-rays, papilloma virus, alcohol, smoking, tobacco, which three last are the strongest risk factors. The destructive link between tobacco products and human cancers stems from a powerful combination of two factors - nicotine and carcinogens. The highest incidence of tobacco related oral cancer is seen in low and middle income countries. The chance of curing oral cancers increases if they are diagnosed and treated early. At least three-quarters of all oral cancers can be prevented by quitting smoking and drinking alcohol. Screening programs can be valuable in patients from high-risk groups (smokers and alcoholics) or in patients with a previous diagnosis of cancer outside the head and neck.

scholarly journals Oral cancer profile in a tertiary care center

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Nitin Arora ◽  
Jai Lal Davessar ◽  
Jyoti Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Age And Sex

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Head and neck cancers constitute around 5-50% of all cancers worldwide. <sup> </sup>Head and Neck Cancers constitute about 30% of all cancers that are found in India. It is the 8<sup>th</sup> most common cancer in the world. Oral cancer forms a major public health issue in India due to its rising incidence, especially in women and in younger age group.  The purpose of our study was to evaluate, the epidemiologic profile of patients with oral cancer, its incidence according to age and sex, site distribution, risk factors involved and clinical stage at presentation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> It is a prospective study done from January 2014 to November 2014, in a total of 100 patients in age group 21 to 70 years, irrespective of gender, with a proven malignancy confined to the oral cavity. Patients were observed for the age and sex distribution, tumour staging, location and<strong> </strong>metastasis, commonly associated risk factor and most common site.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Oral cavity cancers were more common in males, than females. It is most prevalent in age group of 51-60 years. Oral tongue is the most common site. Betel nut chewing is the most significant risk factor associated with oral cavity cancer.T1 and T2 is the most the most common primary T stage. Neck metastasis occurs most commonly at N2 stage. Most common neck node level involved is level 2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Oral cancers presents at advanced stage and age. It has also been seen in younger generations, which is due to increasing use of tobacco, its related products and alcohol. We see patient’s reports at advanced age and stage, which is increasing the<strong> </strong>morbidity and mortality related to oral cancers. Hence, today there is great need to create awareness about oral cancers. Preventive strategies must be designed in order to lessen the burden of Oral cancers. </p>

Assessment of knowledge about oral cancer: study with students of public education

RSBO ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabete Rabaldo Bottan ◽  
Iara Fiorentin Comunello ◽  
Constanza Marín ◽  
Eduardo Mazzetti Subtil
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
First Year ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Introduction and Objective: To evaluate the level of knowledge about oral cancer of students attending public school in one city of Santa Catarina (Brasil). Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study, using primary data collection. Students of last year of elementary school and first year of high school, enrolled in public schools in the city of Itajaí (SC), in 2012, were the target population. The non-probability sample was obtained by convenience. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire structured with 13 questions divided into three fields. The level of knowledge was made based on pre-established scores. Results: 1149 instruments were analyzed (80.8% of the target population). The average age of the group was 15.5 years and 54.5% were female. The majority (78%) never had received information about oral cancer. Only 27.9% had cognizance about self-examination of the oral cavity. With regard to knowledge, 87.5% classified as unsatisfactory. For most issues the cognitive field did not identify a significant correlation between knowledge and the variables gender and education. When asked if they would like to participate in educational and preventive activitiesabout oral cancer and other issues related to health, 72.6% expressed interest. Conclusion: The group did not have adequate knowledge on the subject of oral cancer. Facing this reality, and the positive attitude of respondents, the researchers designed and offered an educational program to the research subjects.

scholarly journals Antimetastatic Effects of Sesamin on Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma through Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Ming Chen ◽  
Pei-Yin Chen ◽  
Chia-Chieh Lin ◽  
Ming-Chang Hsieh ◽  
Jen-Tsun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Dependent Manner

Background: Sesamin is a lignin present in sesame oil from the bark of Zanthoxylum spp. Sesamin reportedly has anticarcinogenic potential and exerts anti-inflammatory effects on several tumors. Hypothesis/Purpose: However, the effect of sesamin on metastatic progression in human head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unknown in vitro and in vivo; hence, we investigated the effect of sesamin on HNSCC cells in vitro. Methods and Results: Sesamin-treated human oral cancer cell lines FaDu, HSC-3, and Ca9-22 were subjected to a wound-healing assay. Furthermore, Western blotting was performed to assess the effect of sesamin on the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and proteins of the MAPK signaling pathway, including p-ERK1/2, P-p38, and p-JNK1/2. In addition, we investigated the association between MMP-2 expression and the MAPK pathway in sesamin-treated oral cancer cells. Sesamin inhibited cell migration and invasion in FaDu, Ca9-22, and HSC-3 cells and suppressed MMP-2 at noncytotoxic concentrations (0 to 40 μM). Furthermore, sesamin significantly reduced p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner in FaDu and HSC-3 cells. Conclusions: These results indicate that sesamin suppresses the migration and invasion of HNSCC cells by regulating MMP-2 and is thus a potential antimetastatic agent for treating HNSCC.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Serum Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and Circulating Immune Complexes in Oral Precancer and Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Madki ◽  
Mandya Lakshman Avinash Tejasvi ◽  
Geetha Paramkusam ◽  
Ruheena Khan ◽  
Shilpa J.
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Circulating Immune Complexes ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Oral Precancer ◽  
Serum Iga ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) and circulating immune complexes (CIC) as tumor marker in oral cancer and precancer patients. Materials and Methods The present study was performed on 45 individuals subdivided into three groups, that is, oral precancer, oral cancer and healthy individuals, and levels of immunoglobulins, and CIC was estimated by turbidometry and ELISA method. Results In the present study, the mean serum IgA levels in oral precancer were 161.00 ( ±  118.02) mg/dL, oral cancers were 270.67 ( ±  171.44) mg/dL, and controls were 133.73 ( ±  101.31) mg/dL. Mean serum levels of IgG in oral precancer were 1,430.87 ( ±  316) mg/dL, oral cancers were 1,234.27 ( ±  365.42) mg/dL, and controls were 593.87 ( ±  323.06) mg/dL. Conclusion We found that the levels of serum IgG and IgA were elevated consistently in precancer and cancer group, and Serum IgM levels were increased only in precancer. Also, significant increase in serum CIC levels were seen in oral precancer and cancer group on comparison with control.

scholarly journals General rules for clinical and pathological studies on oral cancer (2nd edition): a synopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-635
Author(s):  
Yoshihide Ota ◽  
◽  
Tadahide Noguchi ◽  
Eiichiro Ariji ◽  
Chihiro Fushimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
English Edition ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Treatment Research ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
8Th Edition

AbstractFor doctors and other medical staff treating oral cancer, it is necessary to standardize the basic concepts and rules for oral cancer to achieve progress in its treatment, research, and diagnosis. Oral cancer is an integral part of head and neck cancer and is treated in accordance with the general rules for head and neck cancer. However, detailed rules based on the specific characteristics of oral cancer are essential. The objective of this article was to contribute to the development of the diagnosis, treatment, and research of oral cancer, based on the correct and useful medical information of clinical, surgical, pathological, and imaging findings accumulated from individual patients at various institutions. Our general rules were revised as the UICC was revised for the 8th edition and were published as the Japanese second edition in 2019. In this paper, the English edition of the “Rules” section is primarily presented.

scholarly journals Extent of neck dissection for patients with clinical N1 oral cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasumasa Kakei ◽  
Hirokazu Komatsu ◽  
Tsutomu Minamikawa ◽  
Takumi Hasegawa ◽  
Masanori Teshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Neck Dissection ◽  
Tongue Cancer ◽  
Positive Lymph Node ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Level Ii

Abstract Background No clear consensus has been reached on the indication of supraomohyoid neck dissection (SOHND) for clinically positive lymph-node metastasis. Patients Consecutive 100 patients with previously untreated oral cancer treated at Kobe University Hospital were included in this study. All patients were clinically staged as anyTN1M0 and underwent radical dissection of the primary site and level I–V neck dissection as the initial treatment. Results None of the 100 patients had pathological lymph-node metastasis (pLN) to level V. pLN to level IV was observed in two patients with tongue cancer in whom clinical lymph-node metastasis was preoperatively observed at level II. Conclusions Level V may be excluded in the neck dissection for patients with N1 oral cancers. Level IV dissection should be considered in the patient with tongue cancer and clinical lymph-node metastasis at level II.

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