scholarly journals Mapping the unjust global impact of harmful fisheries subsidies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Skerritt ◽  
Anna Schuhbauer ◽  
Sebastian Villasante ◽  
Andrés Cisneros-Montemayor ◽  
Nathan Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Development Index ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
The People ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
Fishing Fleets ◽  
Fisheries Subsidies ◽  
Distant Water Fishing ◽  
High Seas

Abstract Harmful fisheries subsidies contribute to overfishing leading to environmental and societal impacts1. If only fisheries within the subsidising nations’ jurisdiction were affected, then unilateral actions might be sufficient to help safeguard our ocean and the people reliant upon it. However, just as fish move between jurisdictions2, so too do the subsidised fishing fleets targeting them3. As such, the impacts and solutions to subsidies-induced overfishing are matters of international concern. Mapping that impact is therefore key to understanding these concerns and informing multilateral reform. Here we combine existing datasets4–6 to quantify the amount of harmful fisheries subsidies impacting the high seas, domestic and foreign waters, respectively. We estimate that between 24% and 43% of all harmful fisheries subsidies impact foreign waters or the high seas. We show that harmful subsidies primarily originate from countries with high-Human Development Index (HDI), strong fisheries management capacity and relatively sustainable fish stocks, yet disproportionately impact countries with low-HDI, lower management capacity and more vulnerable stocks. Indeed, over 40% of the harmful subsidies impacting low-HDI countries originate from high-HDI countries. This discrepancy between the source of harmful subsidies and the nations that are ultimately impacted is unsustainable and unjust. Policy-makers from all nations must push for effective multilateral subsidies reform. Prohibiting subsidies to distant-water fishing should be prioritised to support equitable and sustainable fisheries worldwide.

scholarly journals Introducing the Seasonal Closure into the CCAMLR Fishery Management Framework: Problems, Methods, and Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9770
Author(s):  
Keyuan Zou ◽  
Sen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Conservation Measure ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Fishing Fleets ◽  
Distant Water Fishing ◽  
High Seas

In June 2020, China unilaterally announced two seasonal closures on squid fishing in certain areas of the high seas that apply to the Chinese distant water fishing fleets. Such closure refers to the withdrawal of the Chinese distant water fishing fleet from part of the high seas where they regularly operate. It is an innovative conservation measure initiated by a nation-state with the significance for global ocean governance and meeting the requirements from the UN Sustainable Development Goals. This paper is designed to seek the possibility, through a qualitative study and interpretive analysis, of whether such an innovative conservation measure can be introduced into the fishery management in the Southern Ocean, currently mainly under the framework of CCAMLR. This paper attempts to answer some questions with this new introduction. First, whether this kind of seasonal closure is applicable or feasible within the framework of CCAMLR. Second, whether this kind of seasonal closure would infringe upon or disrupt existing regimes, such as marine protected areas (MPAs) created by CCAMLR. Third, how and to what extent such a measure is supported by best scientific evidence so as to reach optimal effectiveness. In this regard, firm support from contracting parties is necessary to enforce the seasonal closure within the coverage of CCAMLR. The paper concludes that the seasonal closure feasible under the CCAMLR legal framework, which, like the measures of MPAs, will facilitate the fulfillment of best scientific evidence and eventually contribute to the SDG-14 progressively in the Southern Ocean.

scholarly journals Household human development index and measurement: a study of Muslims in Kashmir

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Asif Naik ◽  
E. Selvarajan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Major Question ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Development Index ◽  
The People ◽  
Policy Measures

Sustainable development of Muslims in India is one of the major challenges before the planners and policy makers particularly in the State of Jammu and Kashmir at a phase when India has registered growth in all spheres of life. Yet, the major question that still remains unanswered is as how far have the Muslims of Jammu and Kashmir benefited from the fruits of development (Naik 2013, 143-49). The answer particularly depends upon the ways through which development is conceived and measured. The development strategies must aim at the integration of the people of the region of Kashmir with rest of the country (Naik 2015, 614-616). The present paper attempts to measure human development of the Muslim households of Kashmir regions. Further, it attempts to examine the interrelationship among various indicators of HDI and will depict the extent of achievements of the surveyed villages ranking them as per their human development index adopted. It also suggests policy measures to improve HDI in the study region.

POSTMODERN INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES LAW, OR WE ARE ALL COASTAL STATES NOW

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Serdy
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Sustainable Yield ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
New Entrants ◽  
Fisheries Law ◽  
Distant Water Fishing ◽  
International Fisheries ◽  
High Seas

AbstractInternational fisheries law is no longer driven by the clash of interests between coastal and distant-water fishing States, but is increasingly about how States in existing international fisheries, mostly with some degree of responsibility for their depletion, are striving to exclude newcomers. The residual freedom of fishing on the high seas is an obstacle to regulation by international commissions since States outside are not bound by treaties to which they are not party—which in turn creates a disincentive for States inside to accept the necessary restraints. Rules to limit entry to international fisheries are therefore now needed, and articles 8 and 17 of the UN Fish Stocks Agreement come close to this, but their transformation into custom (or that of regulations adopted by fisheries commissions into objective regimes) so as to bind non-parties is being stunted by commissions' self-serving views on what cooperation with them by new entrants to the fisheries entails for the latter. The result is that the modern arguments for exclusion of newcomers bear an uncomfortable resemblance to the discredited 1950s abstention doctrine. This article suggests why those arguments are now meeting little resistance, despite being advanced by States collectively unwilling even to restore depleted stocks to the biomass corresponding to their maximum sustainable yield, as the doctrine would have required (and the current law also does).

scholarly journals Co-Creation Facilitates Translational Research on Upper Limb Prosthetics

Prosthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Hannah Jones ◽  
Sigrid Dupan ◽  
Maxford Coutinho ◽  
Sarah Day ◽  
Deirdre Desmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Stakeholder Collaboration ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Upper Limb Prosthesis ◽  
The People ◽  
User Data ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Upper Limb Prosthetics

People who either use an upper limb prosthesis and/or have used services provided by a prosthetic rehabilitation centre, hereafter called users, are yet to benefit from the fast-paced growth in academic knowledge within the field of upper limb prosthetics. Crucially over the past decade, research has acknowledged the limitations of conducting laboratory-based studies for clinical translation. This has led to an increase, albeit rather small, in trials that gather real-world user data. Multi-stakeholder collaboration is critical within such trials, especially between researchers, users, and clinicians, as well as policy makers, charity representatives, and industry specialists. This paper presents a co-creation model that enables researchers to collaborate with multiple stakeholders, including users, throughout the duration of a study. This approach can lead to a transition in defining the roles of stakeholders, such as users, from participants to co-researchers. This presents a scenario whereby the boundaries between research and participation become blurred and ethical considerations may become complex. However, the time and resources that are required to conduct co-creation within academia can lead to greater impact and benefit the people that the research aims to serve.

Global Governance of Deep-Sea Fisheries

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritaka Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
The Law ◽  
Global Agreement ◽  
High Seas

AbstractThis article considers the gaps in the existing legal regime on deep-sea fisheries and explores a more effective global governance system. It is proposed that a new global agreement, modeled on the 1995 UN Fish Stocks Agreement, be negotiated covering deep-sea stocks as well as other high seas resources, so that all fisheries on the high seas may be covered. The proposed agreement would complete the gaps in high seas fisheries regime and serve as an effective link between the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and regional fisheries bodies. As a short-term measure, FAO should prepare a set of guidelines covering all types of deep-sea fisheries, including shared and transboundary stocks as well as discrete high seas stocks. In addition, FAO's Committee on Fisheries should be strengthened in its global governance role, including co-ordination of all regional fisheries bodies

scholarly journals Az esélyegyenlőség és a fogyatékkal élők helyzetének területi különbségei Magyarországon

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Szabolcs Fabula
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Great Plain ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Marginal Groups ◽  
Short Summary ◽  
The People ◽  
Spatial Differences

People with disabilities is one of the most marginal groups in today's society so ensur-ing their rights and needs is a great challenge for policy makers and planners. This paper reviews the most important agreements and laws about disability in the European Union and Hungary, as well as the New Hungary Development Plan. Later the paper also reveals the spatial differences of the people with disabilities in Hungary on the regional scale and presents relationship between the state of development and the ratio of disabled people. In comparing the data of the country and the South Great Plain the charasteristics of the dis-abled population in age, qualification and employment are also highlighted. Finally there is a short summary of the accessible and non-accessible public buildings in Békés County and Békéscsaba.

scholarly journals How to Make Policy-Makers Care about “Wicked Problems” such as Biodiversity Loss?—The Case of a Policy Campaign

2021 ◽  
pp. 527-553
Author(s):  
Agnes Zolyomi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Wicked Problems ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
The People

AbstractPolicy-makers define our lives to a great extent, and are therefore the people everybody wants to talk to. They receive hundreds of messages in various forms day-by-day with the aim of making them decide for or against something. They are in an especially difficult situation as regards the so-called “wicked” or “diffuse” problems such as climate change and biodiversity loss (Millner and Olivier, 2015; Sharman and Mlambo, 2012; Zaccai and Adams, 2012). These problems are limitedly tackled at the policy level despite their major socio-economic and environmental implications, which is often explained by their complexity with a sense of remoteness of effects (Cardinale et al., 2012; WWF, 2018). Communicating advocacy or scientific messages of biodiversity is therefore both a challenge and an under-researched topic (Bekessy et al., 2018; Posner et al., 2016; Primmer et al., 2015; Wright et al., 2017), where both social and natural sciences and both scientists and practitioners are needed to contribute (Ainscough et al., 2019). In order to be successful in delivering messages, communication not only needs to be self-explanatory and easy to consume but novel as well. It additionally helps if the message arrives in a more extraordinary format to draw even more attention. Based on experiences drawn from a conservation and advocacy NGO’s work, this chapter will divulge various socio-economic theories about creative methods, communication, and influencing decision-makers through a campaign fighting for the preservation of key nature legislation. It will be demonstrated how different EU policy-makers, including representatives of the European Commission and Members of the European Parliament, the general public, and other stakeholders, were addressed with various messages and tools (e.g., short films, social media campaigns, fact sheets, involvement of champions). In addition to other key factors such as public support, knowledge of the target audience and political context, the probable impacts and limitations of these messages will also be elaborated. The relevance to the integration and employment of better socio-economic theories into improving communication is straightforward. It is crucial to tailor-make future advocacy work of “wicked problems” such as biodiversity loss and climate change, since these are not usually backed up by major lobby forces and are, therefore, financed inadequately compared to their significance. Understanding the way in which policy-makers pick up or omit certain messages, as well as what framing, methods and channels are the most effective in delivering them to the policy-makers, is pivotal for a more sustainable future.

scholarly journals Dictionary-Based Method for Fishing Gear Pattern Detection

10.29007/npz9 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Aranda ◽  
Hugo Carlos
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Pattern Detection ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Iuu Fishing ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Automatic Information ◽  
Fishing Fleets ◽  
Unregulated Fishing

Fishing is an ancient practice that dates back to at least the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic period about 40,000 years ago. Nowadays, Fishing is one of the most important activities, as it provides a source of food and economic income worldwide. A key challenge in ecology and conservation is to decrease the Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated fishing (IUU). IUU fishing depletes fish stocks, destroys marine habitats, distorts competition, puts honest fishers at an unfair disadvantage, and weakens coastal communities, particularly in developing countries. One strategy to decrease the IUU fishing is monitoring and detecting the fishing vessel behaviors. Satellite–based Automatic Information Systems (S– AIS) are now commonly installed on most ocean–going vessels and have been proposed as a novel tool to explore the movements of fishing fleets in near real time. In this article, we present a dictionary–based method to classify, by using AIS data, between two fishing gear types: trawl and purse seine. The data was obtained from Global Fishing Watch. Our experiments show that our proposal has a good performance in classifying fishing behaviors, which could help to prevent overexploit and improve the strategies of the fisheries management.

scholarly journals SITE SUITABILITY ANALYSIS FOR INDUSTRIES USING GIS AND MULTI CRITERIA DECISION MAKING

2018 ◽  
Vol IV-5 ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
S. Saran ◽  
K. V. Ramana
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Suitability Analysis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The People ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors ◽  
Hierarchy Process

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Developing countries have to be very cautious in utilizing the land as they affect the food security, cause damage to environment and an ecological imbalance might be created in the process of establishing industries to raise the standard of living of the people from poverty. India, as a developing nation with sufficient amount of arable land at present is producing surplus food which is sufficient for all the population, in the recent decades loosing productive agricultural land without proper scientific solution for industries. This is a major concern because it causes not only food scarcity but dependency on the other nations even though we have lot of industries. We need to maintain a balance between Agriculture and manufacturing sectors to have smooth run of the country’s economy. The purpose of the study is to assess the land use changes in the areas for recent years which have potential for industrial establishment through land suitability analysis (LSA) to emphasize both agriculture and industries with sustainable development. Geographic information Systems (GIS) and Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) are combined to distinctly identify the suitable zones for industries. Six criteria in Analytical hierarchy Process (AHP) and nine criteria in Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) are evaluated by spatial analysis using ArcGIS software. Considerable amount of productive agricultural land is diverted to non agricultural purposes during last 12 years i.e., from 2004&amp;ndash;2016, which is at first taken for industrial establishment. Results obtained by the methodology we followed have given considerable accuracy by cross checking the previously established industries with suitability regions. Thus GIS and MCDM can assist the policy makers and planning officials to get a better overview with the resources they possess to carry forward with less damage to environment and agricultural land.</p>

Epilogue

2019 ◽  
pp. 131-132
Author(s):  
Erynn Masi de Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Domestic Worker ◽  
The People

This epilogue looks at several new factors affecting domestic employment in Ecuador today which may change the landscape for workers, employers, and activists. First is the new government. If before, there was worker-friendly rhetoric and praise for humble domestic workers, but little concrete improvement in policies and conditions, today even the rhetoric is gone. The best way to reach and make claims on the new government is still unclear, and it will be difficult to obtain state funding for domestic worker initiatives. Second, there has been a “rupture” in the domestic worker organization Asociación de Trabajadoras Remuneradas del Hogar (ATRH). This situation makes organizing and advocating for domestic workers more difficult and may lead to confusion among policy makers and funders. Third, there has been an uptick in migration to Ecuador from Colombia and Venezuela, as people flee violence, political instability, and economic disaster. Finally, some of the people interviewed in 2018 claim to be witnessing growth in the proportion of live-in, full-time domestic workers. Despite changes in the context of domestic employment, however, workers' status has not changed much since this study began. Social reproduction is still devalued, informal arrangements still prevail, and the class gulf between employers and domestic workers remains.

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