scholarly journals Assessment of Stormwater Discharge Contamination and Toxicity for a Cold-Climate Urban Landscape

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley Popick ◽  
Markus Brinkmann ◽  
Kerry McPhedran
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Canadian City ◽  
Urban Catchments

Abstract Background Stormwater is water resulting from precipitation events and snowmelt running off the urban landscape, collecting in storm sewers, and typically being released into receiving water bodies through outfalls with minimal to no treatment. Despite a growing body of evidence observing its deleterious pollution impacts, stormwater management and treatment in cold climates remains limited, partly due to a lack of quality and loading data and modelling parameters. This study examines the quality of stormwater discharging during the summer season in a cold-climate, semi-arid Canadian city (Saskatoon, Saskatchewan). Results Seven stormwater outfalls with mixed-land-use urban catchments >100 km2 were sampled for four summer (June-August 2019) storm events and analyzed for a suite of quality parameters, including total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), metals, and targeted polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In addition, assessment of stormwater toxicity was done using the two toxicity assays Raphidocelis subcapitata (algae) and Vibrio fischeri (bacteria). Notable single-event, single-outfall contaminant pulses included of arsenic (420 µg/L), cadmium (16.4 µg/L), zinc (924 µg/L), fluorene (4.95 µg/L), benzo[a]pyrene (0.949 µg/L), pyrene (0.934 µg/L), phenanthrene (1.39 µg/L), and anthracene (1.40 µg/L). The IC50 in both R. subcapitata and V. fischeri was observed, if at all, above expected toxicity thresholds for individual contaminant species. Conclusions In general, stormwater characteristics were similar to those of previous studies, with a bulk of contamination carried by the first volume of runoff, influenced by a combination of rainfall depth, antecedent dry period, land use, and activity within the catchment. Roads, highways, and industrial areas contribute the bulk of estimated contaminant loadings. More intensive sampling strategies are necessary to contextualize stormwater data in the context of contaminant and runoff volume peaks.

scholarly journals Assessment of Snowmelt Quality Discharging from a Cold-Climate Urban Landscape During Spring Melt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley Popick ◽  
Markus Brinkmann ◽  
Kerry McPhedran
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Snow Storage ◽  
Raphidocelis Subcapitata ◽  
Canadian City ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
Mixed Land Use ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract Stormwater results from precipitation events and melting snow running off urban landscapes and typically being released into receiving water bodies with little to no treatment. Despite evidence of its deleterious impacts, snowmelt (SM) management and treatment are limited, partly due to a lack of quality and loading data. This study examines snowmelt quality during the spring for a cold-climate, semi-arid Canadian city (Saskatoon, Saskatchewan). Four snow storage facilities receiving urban snow plowed from roads in mixed-land-use urban catchments (228 km2) were sampled including snow piles (five events) and SM (twelve events) runoff in 2019 and 2020. Samples were analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, TSS, COD, DOC, metals, chloride, PAHs, and Raphidocelis subcapitata and Vibrio fischeri toxicity. Notable event-specific TSS spikes occurred on April 13th, 2019 (3,513 mg/L) and April 24th, 2019 (3,838 mg/L), and TDS, chloride, and manganese on March 26th, 2020 (15,000 mg/L, 5,800 mg/L, 574 mg/L), April 17th, 2020 (5,200 mg/L, 2,600 mg/L, 882 mg/L), and April 23rd, 2020 (5,110 mg/L, 2,900 mg/L, 919 mg/L), though chloride remained elevated through May 1st, 2020 samples (1,000 mg/L). Additionally, at two sites sampled April 13th, 2019 pulses of aluminum (401 mg/L) and PAHs (pyrene, phenanthrene, anthracene; 71 µg/L, 317 µg/L, 182 µg/L) were detected. The EC50 for R. subcapitata and V. fischeri was observed, if at all, above expected toxicity thresholds.

The Chao Phraya River Basin: water quality and anthropogenic influences

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1287-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuanchan Singkran ◽  
Pitchaya Anantawong ◽  
Naree Intharawichian ◽  
Karika Kunta
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Chao Phraya River

Abstract Land use influences and trends in water quality parameters were determined for the Chao Phraya River, Thailand. Dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) showed significant trends (R2 ≥ 0.5) across the year, while total phosphorus (TP) and faecal coliform bacteria (FCB) showed significant trends only in the wet season. DO increased, but BOD, NO3-N, and TP decreased, from the lower section (river kilometres (rkm) 7–58 from the river mouth) through the middle section (rkm 58–143) to the upper section (rkm 143–379) of the river. Lead and mercury showed weak/no trends (R2 < 0.5). Based on the river section, major land use groups were a combination of urban and built-up areas (43%) and aquaculture (21%) in the lower river basin, paddy fields (56%) and urban and built-up areas (21%) in the middle river basin, and paddy fields (44%) and other agricultural areas (34%) in the upper river basin. Most water quality and land use attributes had significantly positive or negative correlations (at P ≤ 0.05) among each other. The river was in crisis because of high FCB concentrations. Serious measures are suggested to manage FCB and relevant human activities in the river basin.

scholarly journals Trend Of Water Quality Status In Kelantan River Downstream, Peninsular Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Arniza Fitri ◽  
Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud ◽  
Dian Pratiwi ◽  
Arlina Phelia ◽  
Farli Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
Quality Status

The issues of freshwater pollutions and the high demand of clean freshwater for daily human activities have forced developing countries such as Malaysia to continuously monitor the quality of the freshwater. The present study objective is to present the trend of water quality status in the Kelantan River downstream, Peninsular Malaysia from 2005 to 2018. Water samples were collected during dry and monsoon seasons from a sampling station located at downstream of the Kelantan River. Water quality parameters such as temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured in situ while other parameters were analysed in the laboratory based on retrieved water samples. Water quality status was determined based on National Water Quality Standard (NWQS) for River in Malaysia by calculating the water quality index (WQI) according to the concentration of six water quality parameters involving pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (TSS) and Ammonia Nitrogen (AN). The results showed that Kelantan River had good water quality during the dry season classified in Class II at 2005. The water quality was found to be slightly lower during the monsoon season in year 2006. In addition, increasing the number of construction, human activities in the land use areas, land use changes and the sewage water from domestic, industrial, wet market and food outlets in the Kelantan State have declined the water quality in Kelantan River from Class II (in 2005) to Class III (in 2010 and 2011) and to become Class IV in 2017 to 2018. The results of the present study are expected to give valuable information for the water managers in order to deal with better strategies in controlling the quality of freshwater at the Kelantan River and minimize the incidence of pollution-oriented problems, thus the water can be utilized for various water uses with appropriate quality.

scholarly journals Multi-Scale Analysis of the Dependence of Water Quality on Land Use Using Linear and Mixed Models

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2618
Author(s):  
Johann Alexander Vera Mercado ◽  
Bernard Engel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Land use influences water quality in streams at different spatial scales and varies in time and space. Water quality has long been associated with agricultural and urban land uses in catchments. The effects of developed, forest, pasture, and agricultural land use on nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrite (NNN); total phosphorus (TP); total suspended solids (TSS); chemical oxygen demand (COD); dissolved oxygen (DO) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) concentrations and their sensitivity were quantified to spatial pattern differences. The linear mixed modeling framework was used to examine the importance of spatial extent on models with water quality parameters as the response variable and land use types as the predictor variable. The results indicated that land use categories on different water quality parameters were significant and dependent on the selected spatial scales. Land use exhibited a strong association with total phosphorus and total suspended solids for close reach distances. Phosphorus is not highly soluble, and it binds strongly to fine soil particles, which are transported by water via runoff. Nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrite, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations were better predicted for further reach distances, such as 45 or 50 km, where the best model of nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrite is consistent with the high mobility of NO3−.

Quality and first flush analysis of stormwater runoff from a tropical commercial catchment

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Chow ◽  
Z. Yusop ◽  
M. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Storm Runoff ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Event Mean Concentration ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Total P

This paper examines the storm runoff quality from a commercial area in south Johor, Malaysia. Six storm events with a total of 68 storm runoff samples were analyzed. Event Mean Concentration (EMC) for all constituents analysed showed large inter-event variation. Site mean concentrations (SMC) for total suspended solids (TSS), oil and grease (O&G), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus (Total P) and Soluble P are 261, 4.31, 74, 192, 1.5, 0.006, 1.9, 1.12 and 0.38 mg/L, respectively. The SMCs at the studied site are higher than those reported in many urban catchments. The mean baseflow concentrations were higher than the EMCs for COD, Soluble P, NH3-N, NO3-N, Total P and NO2-N. However, the reverse was observed for TSS and O&G. All pollutants showed the occurrence of first flush phenomenon with the highest strength was observed for TSS, COD and NH3-N.

Exploring the potential for using hierarchical sediment fingerprinting as an urban management tool in monitoring changing sediment sources

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Walsh ◽  
Carla Ferreira ◽  
William Blake ◽  
Sam Higton ◽  
Antonio Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Sediment Fingerprinting ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Sediment Sources ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Stream Network ◽  
Urban Catchments

<p>An ability to identify and quantify changes in sediment sources and erosion within catchments would be of great use for landscape managers and planners. This is particularly the case in peri-urban catchments, which are characterized by complex and dynamically changing land-use mosaics – and where today’s planning decisions may be crucial as regards avoiding or exacerbating erosional, water quality and flooding problems. This study explores the potential for a sediment fingerprinting approach to provide a cost-effective way of assessing changes in sediment sources within a small peri-urban catchment. The study focuses on the Ribeira dos Covões catchment (6.2 km<sup>2</sup>), on the outskirts of Coimbra in central Portugal. The climate is humid Mediterranean and the geology is 56% sandstone, 41% marly limestone and 3% alluvium. Current land-use is 56% woodland, 4% agricultural and 40% urban (mainly residential, but also a recently constructed enterprise park (5%) and major highway (1%)). Recent urbanization has largely occupied former agricultural land. The study adopts a multi-proxy sediment fingerprinting approach, based on geochemical (elemental) characterization of fluvial fine bed-sediment and soil samples, using a Niton x-ray fluorescence elemental analyser. Sampling of fluvial sediment was carried out at 33 sites within the stream network (including all significant tributaries, downstream sites and the catchment outlet). Samples were collected in July 2018 and November 2018 following contrasting ‘late wet season’ and ‘end of dry season’ events. In addition, in July 2018 composite samples of potential sediment sources were collected, including (i) soil surface (0-2cm) samples at 64 representative locations, (ii) 17 samples from eroding channel margin sites, and (iii) 15 samples of road sediment. All samples were sieved to obtain <63µm, 63-125µm, 125-250 µm and 250-2000µm fractions, where the <63µm fraction was taken to represent suspended sediment. The elemental geochemistry of each sample fraction was derived using the XRF analyser. Differences (and similarities) in geochemical signatures between the various tributaries and the various potential sources were assessed using a range of statistical techniques. Bayesian unmixing models were used in a hierarchical (confluence-based) fashion to assess the contributions of different sub-catchments to downstream sites including the catchment outlet. Modelling results were then compared with relative contributions for three previously analysed storm events of 2012-2015, at which time construction activities had been more active. Modelling results for the two 2018 events were also validated by comparing them with independent suspended sediment records collected at five locations on the principal tributaries and at the catchment outlet. Overall, the modelling was successful in indicating and quantifying significant changes in sediment sources through time within the catchment. Reasons as to why sediment fingerprinting was successful in this case are then examined and discussed, in part drawing comparisons with the findings from a parallel sediment fingerprinting study of changing sources in the dynamically changing partly logged rainforest, partly oil palm Brantian catchment in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. The potential for a simple sediment fingerprinting methodology to be developed for more widespread use by urban/environmental managers and planners is then explored.  </p>

scholarly journals Recognition of spatial framework for water quality and its relation with land use/cover types from a new perspective: A case study of Jinghe Oasis in Xinjiang, China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Zhang ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Xiaoping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Spatial Framework ◽  
Cover Type ◽  
Type Change ◽  
Land Water

Abstract. Quality evaluation for surface water is an important issue in water resource management and protection. To understand the relation between the spatial framework of water quality in Jinghe Oasis and the change in land use/cover type, we first divide 47 water sampling sites measured in May and October 2015 into 6 cluster layers using the self-organizing map (SOM) method based on non-hierarchical k-means classification, and then determine the distribution characteristics of water quality from the time sequence. Water quality indices include chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3−N), chromaticity (SD), and turbidity (NUT). On the basis of the results, we collect data regarding changes in farmland land, forest-grass land, water body, salinized land, and other land types during the wet and dry seasons and combine these data with the classification results of the GF-1 remote sensing satellite obtained in May and October 2015. We then discuss the influences of land use/cover type on water quality at different layers and seasons. The results indicate that Clusters 1 to 3 provide monitoring samples for the wet season (May 2015), whereas Clusters 4 to 6 provide monitoring samples for the dry season (October 2015). In general, the COD, SS, NUT, TN, and NH3−N contents are high in Clusters 1 and 2. The SD values for Clusters 1, 4, and 6 are high. Moreover, high BOD and TP values are mainly concentrated in Clusters 4 and 6. Through the discussion on the relation between different layers of water quality and land use/cover type change, we determine that the influences of farmland land, forest-grassland, and salinized land are significant on the water quality parameters in Jinghe Oasis. In Clusters 1, 2, and 6, the size of the water area also influences the change in water quality parameters to a certain extent. In addition, the influences of various land use/cover types on the water quality parameters in the research zone during different seasons exhibit the following order: farmland land → forest-grass land → salinized land → water body → others. Moreover, influence is less during the wet season than during the dry season. In conclusion, developing research on the relation between the spatial framework of water quality in Jinghe Oasis and land use/cover type change will be significant for the time sequence distribution of water quality in arid regions from both theoretical and practical perspectives.

scholarly journals LAND USE IMPACT ON THE WATER QUALITY OF LIWAGU RIVER, SABAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 118-133
Author(s):  
Mohmadisa Hashim ◽  
Erna Zuryena Ramli ◽  
Dewi Liesnoor Setyowati ◽  
Nasir Nayan ◽  
Zahid Mat Said ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Source ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
The Impact

This article aimed to identify the water quality of the Liwagu River, Sabah, due to the impact of land use activities in the sub-basin area. The Liwagu river provides the main water source for the local population for domestic purposes. Observations on the water quality of the Liwagu river and identification of the types of land use activities along the river were investigated. Assessment of the Liwagu river water quality engaging six parameters, namely biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), alkaline index (pH), ammonia nitrogen (NH3N) and suspended solids (SS) in five stations that were selected. All of the parameters were analyzed against the Water Quality Index (WQI) standards by the Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia. Water quality sampling was carried out three times, which were in February, March, and April 2019. The results showed that the average value of WQI in February 2019 was at a good level (Class I), and in March and April, 2019 was at a clean level (Class II). The COD parameter showed values that exceeded the standards set by DOE Malaysia. The decline in water quality parameters was also contributed by tourism, agriculture, settlements, and loging upstream and along the river. In conclusion, the impact of land use activities on the quality of the Liwagu river was still under control and planned in terms of its development. However, monitoring for river pollution should be conducted regularly by various parties as an early step in preventing the degradation of the Liwagu river's water quality since the water source is also used by the nearby villagers as a source for water supply.

Characterization and source identification of stormwater runoff in tropical urban catchments

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Chow ◽  
Z. Yusop
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Urban Catchments

The characteristics of urban stormwater pollution in the tropics are still poorly understood. This issue is crucial to the tropical environment because its rainfall and runoff generation processes are so different from temperate regions. In this regard, a stormwater monitoring program was carried out at three urban catchments (e.g. residential, commercial and industrial) in the southern part of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 51 storm events were collected at these three catchments. Samples were analyzed for total suspended solids, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand (COD), oil and grease, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), soluble reactive phosphorus and total phosphorus. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to interpret the stormwater quality data for pattern recognition and identification of possible sources. The most likely sources of stormwater pollutants at the residential catchment were from surface soil and leachate of fertilizer from domestic lawns and gardens, whereas the most likely sources for the commercial catchment were from discharges of food waste and washing detergent. In the industrial catchment, the major sources of pollutants were discharges from workshops and factories. The PCA factors further revealed that COD and NH3-N were the major pollutants influencing the runoff quality in all three catchments.

Level and transport pattern of faecal coliform bacteria from tropical urban catchments

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1822-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Chow ◽  
Z. Yusop ◽  
M. E. Toriman
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Event Mean Concentration ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
Faecal Bacteria ◽  
First Flush Effect ◽  
Storm Characteristics

Urbanization and frequent storms play important roles in increasing faecal bacteria pollution, especially for tropical urban catchments. However, only little information on the faecal bacteria levels from different land use types and the factors that influence bacteria concentrations is available. Thus, the objectives of this study were to quantify the levels and transport mechanism of faecal coliforms (FCs) from residential and commercial catchments. Stormwaters were sampled and the runoff flow rates were measured from both catchments during four storm events in Skudai, Malaysia. The samples were then analysed for FC, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations. Intra-storm and inter-storm characteristics of FC bacteria were investigated in order to identify the level and transport pattern of FC. The commercial catchment showed significantly higher event mean concentration (EMC) of FC than the residential catchment. For the residential catchment, the highest bacterial concentrations occurred during the early part of stormwater runoff with peak concentrations usually preceding the peak flow. First flush effect was more prevalent at the residential catchment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document