scholarly journals Assessment of Snowmelt Quality Discharging from a Cold-Climate Urban Landscape During Spring Melt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley Popick ◽  
Markus Brinkmann ◽  
Kerry McPhedran
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Snow Storage ◽  
Raphidocelis Subcapitata ◽  
Canadian City ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
Mixed Land Use ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract Stormwater results from precipitation events and melting snow running off urban landscapes and typically being released into receiving water bodies with little to no treatment. Despite evidence of its deleterious impacts, snowmelt (SM) management and treatment are limited, partly due to a lack of quality and loading data. This study examines snowmelt quality during the spring for a cold-climate, semi-arid Canadian city (Saskatoon, Saskatchewan). Four snow storage facilities receiving urban snow plowed from roads in mixed-land-use urban catchments (228 km2) were sampled including snow piles (five events) and SM (twelve events) runoff in 2019 and 2020. Samples were analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, TSS, COD, DOC, metals, chloride, PAHs, and Raphidocelis subcapitata and Vibrio fischeri toxicity. Notable event-specific TSS spikes occurred on April 13th, 2019 (3,513 mg/L) and April 24th, 2019 (3,838 mg/L), and TDS, chloride, and manganese on March 26th, 2020 (15,000 mg/L, 5,800 mg/L, 574 mg/L), April 17th, 2020 (5,200 mg/L, 2,600 mg/L, 882 mg/L), and April 23rd, 2020 (5,110 mg/L, 2,900 mg/L, 919 mg/L), though chloride remained elevated through May 1st, 2020 samples (1,000 mg/L). Additionally, at two sites sampled April 13th, 2019 pulses of aluminum (401 mg/L) and PAHs (pyrene, phenanthrene, anthracene; 71 µg/L, 317 µg/L, 182 µg/L) were detected. The EC50 for R. subcapitata and V. fischeri was observed, if at all, above expected toxicity thresholds.

scholarly journals Assessment of Stormwater Discharge Contamination and Toxicity for a Cold-Climate Urban Landscape

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley Popick ◽  
Markus Brinkmann ◽  
Kerry McPhedran
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Canadian City ◽  
Urban Catchments

Abstract Background Stormwater is water resulting from precipitation events and snowmelt running off the urban landscape, collecting in storm sewers, and typically being released into receiving water bodies through outfalls with minimal to no treatment. Despite a growing body of evidence observing its deleterious pollution impacts, stormwater management and treatment in cold climates remains limited, partly due to a lack of quality and loading data and modelling parameters. This study examines the quality of stormwater discharging during the summer season in a cold-climate, semi-arid Canadian city (Saskatoon, Saskatchewan). Results Seven stormwater outfalls with mixed-land-use urban catchments >100 km2 were sampled for four summer (June-August 2019) storm events and analyzed for a suite of quality parameters, including total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), metals, and targeted polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In addition, assessment of stormwater toxicity was done using the two toxicity assays Raphidocelis subcapitata (algae) and Vibrio fischeri (bacteria). Notable single-event, single-outfall contaminant pulses included of arsenic (420 µg/L), cadmium (16.4 µg/L), zinc (924 µg/L), fluorene (4.95 µg/L), benzo[a]pyrene (0.949 µg/L), pyrene (0.934 µg/L), phenanthrene (1.39 µg/L), and anthracene (1.40 µg/L). The IC50 in both R. subcapitata and V. fischeri was observed, if at all, above expected toxicity thresholds for individual contaminant species. Conclusions In general, stormwater characteristics were similar to those of previous studies, with a bulk of contamination carried by the first volume of runoff, influenced by a combination of rainfall depth, antecedent dry period, land use, and activity within the catchment. Roads, highways, and industrial areas contribute the bulk of estimated contaminant loadings. More intensive sampling strategies are necessary to contextualize stormwater data in the context of contaminant and runoff volume peaks.

scholarly journals URBAN LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Collado Capilla ◽  
Sonia Gómez-Pardo Gabaldón
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Landscape Assessment ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Strategic Element ◽  
The City

URBAN LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT Vicente Collado Capilla1 and Sonia Gómez-Pardo Gabaldón21Servicio de Infraestructura Verde y Paisaje. Generalitat Valenciana. Ciutat Administrativa 9 D'Octubre-Torre 1, C/ Castán Tobeñas 77, 46018 Valencia; 2Servicio Territorial de Urbanismo. Provincia de Valencia. Generalitat Valenciana. Prop I, C/ Gregorio Gea, nº 27, 46009 Valencia. E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]  Key words: urban_landscape, streetcape, landscape_value, andscape_assessment, landscape_preferences. The urban landscape assesment as an important element in the quality of life and the sustainable development of the city constitutes an incipient field of investigation from a new perspective that adds meanings and values. An analysis of the different methodological developments and national and international experiences in the assessment of these landscapes will highlight its importance as a strategic element to improve the quality of the city. It starts from the concept of assessment as a system where tangible and intangible values ​​are considered by the population and the experts. These include among other formal, economic, environmental, social, cultural issues (…) and the relationships between them. Consideration of the opinions of experts from different points of view such as urbanism and architecture but also environment, economy, geography, history, archeology, sociology, social assistance, etc. Together with the preferences expressed by the population regarding the spaces they inhabit on a daily basis and their aspirations, strengthen the sense of belonging and the identity of the place as key elements in the perception of the urban landscapes that allows to contribute new qualities, integration criteria and ​​contemporary values to any type of intervention. These are strategies and intervention procedures that start from the complexity of the city as a system and incorporate the perception that citizens have or will have of their immediate environment.  References: Czynska Klara and Pawel Rubinowicz (2015). ´Visual protection Surface method: Cityscape values in context of tall buildings´. SSS10 Proceedings of the 10 th International Space Syntax Symposium. Paquette Sylvain (2008). Guide de gestion des paysages au Québec. Université de Montréal Pallasmaa, Juhani (2005). The Eyes of the Skin. Architecture and the Senses. New York: John Wiley. Ministry of Environment and Energy The National Forest and Nature Agency (1997). International Survey of Architectural Values in the Environment. Denmark . The Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management & Assessment (2013). Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment. Third Edition, London: Routledge.

scholarly journals FRAGMENTATION AND DEGRADATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE IN HERGLA, TUNISIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 60-77
Author(s):  
Meriem Chaggar ◽  
Mohsen Boubaker
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Landscape Degradation ◽  
The City

This research proposes to identify the factors of the urban landscapes degradation in Hergla’s city (Tunisia) according on the citizen participation. It is based on the survey method which is developed around two axes: the citizen perception of urban landscapes and the factors of their degradation. According to the responses obtained, "the sea" represents the particular value of the landscapes identified as "quality" in Hergla. Citizens don’t appreciate landscapes of urban sprawl which makes the city lose its identity. Moreover, the lack of citizen participation in the urban actions and the non-observance of the urban regulations are the most cited factors of the landscape degradation. These results highlight the importance of involving the citizens in the planning process for a sustainable territory.

Comparison of foraging behaviour of small, urban-sensitive insectivores in continuous woodland and woodland remnants in a suburban landscape

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hodgson ◽  
K. French ◽  
R. E. Major
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
High Density ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Insectivorous Birds ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Remnant Vegetation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
High Density Housing

Small patches of remnant vegetation are often considered to have low conservation value. In urban landscapes their value may potentially be higher than in other landscapes because they can be the only representatives of original native vegetation. Despite this potential, many small insectivorous birds that rely on native vegetation demonstrate sensitivities within urban landscapes through reduced numbers or total absence. One reason for this sensitivity may be that remnants are of suboptimal quality, which may be reflected in behavioural changes. Using five insectivorous species that were present (in low numbers) in remnants surrounded by high-density housing, foraging behaviour was examined in relation to vegetation. The proportion of time birds spent on different foraging substrates and plant species was compared with that of conspecifics in continuous vegetation. Canopy and shrub foragers showed minimal behavioural changes. Ground foragers in remnants tended to forage at lower heights than those in continuous vegetation; however, these changes did not appear to reflect a negative effect. These changes were partially explained by structural differences between vegetation in remnants and continuous sites. The number of times a bird attacked prey items was significantly higher in continuous habitat for only two species. Overall, the foraging behaviour of small insectivorous birds in remnants surrounded by high-density housing was not adversely affected by urbanisation and it appears that remnants have potential value as habitat and foraging sources in an urban landscape. Despite this, small insectivores are still sensitive to urbanisation, suggesting that other factors, probably in the matrix, are important.

scholarly journals Birds as the Feeders of Ticks (Acari, Ixodida) in Megalopolis of Kyiv

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-470
Author(s):  
I. V. Nebogatkin
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Haemaphysalis Concinna ◽  
Corvus Frugilegus ◽  
Motacilla Alba ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Abstract Birds as the Feeders of Ticks (Acari, Ixodida) in Megalopolis of Kyiv. Nebogatkin, I. V. - Data about ticks parasitizing on birds in the city of Kyiv were summarized. 117 birds and 27 nests were examined. Ticks were found on six species collecting food on the ground level: Great Tit (Parus major), White Wagtail (Motacilla alba), Rook (Corvus frugilegus), blackbird (Turdus merula), and Nuthatch (Sitta europaea). 56 Ixodidae specimens of four species from two genera were collected from the birds and their nests: Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758); I. arboricola Schulze et Schlottke, 1930; I. lividus (Koch, 1844), Haemaphysalis concinna Koch, 1844. Th e role of birds as feeders of all developmental stages of ticks not only increases under conditions of urban landscape, but also becomes leading in the places with low population of small mammals. Ectoparasites of birds of the other taxonomic groups along with the ticks can play an important role in maintaining the circulation of pathogens of various aetiologies in the urban landscapes.

A Complex Values Map of Marginal Urban Landscapes

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cerreta ◽  
Giuliano Poli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Time History ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Spatial Decision Support System ◽  
Spatial Decision Support ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Time Period ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Spatial Indicators ◽  
Potential Factors

The paper seeks to highlight how the character and values of marginal landscapes can be considered examples of the “third landscape” and how they can enable the mapping of tangible and intangible change (and its relative effects) through the selection of appropriate spatial indicators. A Dynamic Spatial Decision Support System was constructed to help identify the complex values characterizing a selected area in Naples’ marginal urban landscape. The System consists of a set of selected indicators that represent the area’s distinguishing characteristics with specific focus on its critical and potential factors. The formulation of spatial indicators helps identify the ecological, socio-economic and urban characteristics of the case-study area, along with their historic evolution over a specific time period. Time History Analysis (THA) enables the identification of permanent elements and transformations along with the relationships among the various urban landscape components over time. The synergistic interaction between the appropriately structured Geographic Information System (GIS) and the multi-criteria Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method help to generate a complex values map of the analyzed landscape to support the definition and location of strategic actions.

Nostalgia and the City: Urdushahr āshobpoetry in the aftermath of 1857

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVE TIGNOL
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Memory And Trauma ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAfter the Uprising of 1857, many poets from north Indian cities resorted to the Urdu nostalgic genre ofshahr āshobto recall mournfully pre-colonial urban landscapes and articulate emotional and poetic narratives of loss. This article proposes to open new perspectives for the historical study of collective memory and trauma among Urdu-speakingashrāfin the nineteenth century by looking at one collection of such poems entitled ‘The Lament for Delhi (Fuġhān-e Dehlī)’ (1863), which has recently started to attract the attention of historians. Although scholarship has generally emphasised the continuity of these poems with theshahr āshobtradition, this article re-assesses this body of texts through a careful analysis of their main literary motifs and highlights their originality and divergence from previousshahr āshobs. Beyond the stereotypical, the poems of ‘The Lament for Delhi’ both construct 1857 as cultural trauma through the use of powerful literary devices and the performance of collective grief as well as re-channel memory and melancholy into the urban landscape by emphasising its materiality and reinvesting it with new meanings and stakes. This paper more broadly underlines the importance of this under-studied source to understand the impact of 1857 on the imaginary of Urdu-speakingashrāfand on the cultural and social history of colonial India.

scholarly journals 3D PROCEDURAL RECONSTRUCTION OF URBAN LANDSCAPES FOR THE PURPOSES OF A WEB-BASED HISTORICAL ATLAS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W2 ◽  
pp. 41-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cajthaml ◽  
P. Tobiáš
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Electronic Map ◽  
Landscape Reconstruction

The ”Czech Historical Atlas” project is a part of the NAKI II programme of the Czech Ministry of Culture and aims to create the following two main outputs: a printed atlas of the Czech history in the 20th century and an electronic map portal on the Czech history. This paper is focused on the latter mentioned output and specifically on the design of 3D scenes which should supplement the 2D map content. Currently existing literature is briefly reviewed and the procedural modelling is found to be suitable for the needs of urban landscape reconstruction. Furthermore, available data sources in the Czech republic are discussed and important aspects of modelling are presented.

scholarly journals Nature and image: a city in the art of Chernivtsi of the 20th – the beginning of the 21st century

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Iryna Mishchenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Iconic Images ◽  
The City

The purpose of this article is to consider the peculiarities of the reflection of the city – its architecture and inhabitants – in the works of Chernivtsi artists of the 20th and early 21st century, to analyze the differences between their views on the reproduction of urban motifs. The methodology consists in the application of the historical-chronological method, art analysis, and generalization, comparative and systematic approach. The scientific novelty lies in the introduction into scientific circulation of works by artists of the specified time, in understanding the evolution in the reflection of the city in the works of authors with various artistic orientations. Conclusions. In the paintings and graphics of the 20th – 21st centuries, several options for solving urban landscapes can be defined, among which the most common is a careful reflection of existing architectural monuments. In the 19th century in European art, in particular in Impressionist painting, the desire to convey not only the appearance but above all the spirit of the city became noticeable, depicting the townspeople, emphasizing the bustle or poetry of squares and streets. At the turn of the 20th-21st centuries the artists are no longer limited to the usual fixation of what is seen, but try to create a conceptual image of the city, to tell a story through iconic images and symbols, reveal their own position in particular and to preserve the authenticity of an object or the city in general. Such a variety of approaches for creating an urban landscape is partly due to differences in preferences formed during studies in art institutions and is also characteristic for the art of Chernivtsi – a city where people of many nationalities with different cultural traditions have lived side by side for centuries. Ultimately, the artists who worked here in the 20th century were often graduates not only of Ukrainian schools or universities, but also of well-known European institutions, including Vienna, Munich, Florentine, Berlin, Kraków, or Bucharest academies. While in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century the city often appears as the sum of certain architectural structures in the works of artists of Bukovina and visiting masters (F. Emery, R. Bernt, J. Shubirs), in the second half of the 19th – first third of the 20th century the artists mostly try to recreate the dynamics of urban life instead, sometimes depicted with a touch of irony, using the grotesque in the image of the inhabitants (lithography and watercolors by F.-K. Knapp, O. Laske and G. Löwendal). Subsequently, we meet emphasized mood images, in which the author's subjective perception of a particular motive, which he seeks to reproduce in a work full of emotions, is important (L. Kopelman, G. Gorbaty). A peculiar historical retrospection is present in the exquisite graphics of O. Kryvoruchko and in the distilled-finished sheets of O. Lyubkivsky, and the lyrical watercolors and sketches of N. Yarmolchuk represent the non-festive side of the city center. In O. Litvinov's paintings Chernivtsi surprises with desolation and restraint, and in M. Rybachuk's paintings it is distinguished by an unexpected riot of colors. Therefore, each of the artists creates his own image of Chernivtsi, which landscapes often become only a stimulus for the author's imagination, allowing him to depict a completely individual sense of space and life of the city.

scholarly journals Административно-правовой механизм комплексной реконструкции жилищного фонда исторических центров городов России

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Accepted Practice ◽  
Complex Housing ◽  
Protection Of Cultural Heritage

На основе обзора теоретической и законодательной базы реконструкции жилищного фонда исторических центров городов России, а также результатов работы государственных органов за последние три десятилетия авторы представляют Механизм комплексной реконструкции жилищного фонда исторических центров городов России. Этот административно-правовой Механизм направлен на улучшение условий жизни людей и сохранение уникальных исторических ландшафтов городов. Проведён анализ действующей законодательной и нормативно-правовой базы охраны объектов культурного наследия: городского планирования и землепользования, а также институционных взаимодействий между государственными органами охраны объектов культурного наследия (федеральными, региональными и муниципальными), государственными кадастровыми органами и администрацией муниципалитетов, правовых отношений между участниками в области реконструкции жилищного фонда. Главное положение Механизма – согласование всех его элементов для обеспечения комплексной сохранности объектов культурного наследия. Ключевые слова: Механизм комплексной реконструкции, реконструкция жилищного фонда, исторический ландшафт города, объекты культурного наследия, градостроительство An overview of the accepted practice, theoretical and legislative basis for the renovation of the housing stock of the historic centers of Russian cities is presented. On this basis, the authors propose a Mechanism for the complex housing renovation of historic centers of Russian cities, aimed at improving the living conditions and preserving the unique historic urban landscapes. The analysis of the current legislative and regulatory framework for the protection of cultural heritage: urban planning and land use; institutional interactions - between state bodies for the protection of cultural heritage (federal, regional and municipal); state cadastral bodies and municipal authorities; legal relations between the participants of housing renovation programs. The Mechanism proposed by us is based on the results of the work of state bodies over the past three decades; one of its central provisions is the coordination of all elements of the Mechanism to ensure the comprehensive preservation of cultural heritage. Keywords: Mechanism of complex renovation of historic housing, historic urban landscape, cultural heritage, urban planning

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